Читать книгу Genomic and Epigenomic Biomarkers of Toxicology and Disease - Группа авторов - Страница 14

Consumer exposure to environmental chemicals is increasing. Therefore there is a need for developing short-term biomarkers for a rapid predictive toxicity screening of environmental chemicals. In 2007 the US National Academy of Sciences published its landmark report “Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy” in order to reduce the costly and time-consuming classical animal studies required for safety risk analysis (Judson, Houck et al. 2016; Judson, Kavlock et al. 2013; Krewski et al. 2010; NAS 2007). In vitro cytotoxicity assays using human primary cells and cell lines in culture with focus on biological pathways is an important part of the twenty-first-century toxicity screening program. Alternative in vitro screening assays of this kind reduce, refine, and replace animal testing. One of the important goals of the twenty-first-century toxicity testing is the development of in vitro assays designed to predict the in vivo outcomes. In consequence, such asays can be used to predict starting doses for animal studies (Judson, Houck et al. 2016; Judson, Kavlock et al. 2013; Krewski et al. 2010; NAS 2007).