Читать книгу Small Animal Surgical Emergencies - Группа авторов - Страница 133

Pain receptors, or nociceptors, are located throughout the abdomen and are responsible for the detection and transmission of pain signals. These receptors are found throughout visceral layers and the peritoneal lining, and are activated by organ distension, capsule stretch, inflammation, ischemia, and rupture [1]. It is important to keep in mind that animals that are presented with a decreased level of consciousness (i.e., depressed, dull, or obtunded mentation) may not exhibit signs of pain until they are adequately resuscitated. It is also important to consider the potential presence of extra‐abdominal diseases, which can mimic and often be mistaken for abdominal pain, such as intervertebral disk disease and other causes of spinal pain including, but not limited to, discospondylitis, neoplasia, and spinal fracture/instability.