Читать книгу Small Animal Surgical Emergencies - Группа авторов - Страница 150

A history of scavenging or being fed bones is typical. Signs are normally acute, and regurgitation of food, within minutes of swallowing, is readily noted by most owners. Water is usually retained and so animals may or may not be dehydrated. Gagging, inappetence, drooling of saliva, and listlessness are all common. Should esophageal perforation ensue, fulminant respiratory and cardiovascular deterioration occur as a result of a combination of pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, mediastinitis, and pleuritis. Early signs of esophageal perforation may be mistakenly attributed to aspiration pneumonia, and hence thorough and continuing evaluation via imaging is important. Pyothorax, mediastinal abscessation, and either bronchoesophageal or tracheoesophageal fistulae are sequelae that may occur at a later stage following esophageal perforation. Fishhooks and needles may invoke similar clinical signs, although perforations of the esophagus seldom materialize.