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The ideal position for performing a pericardiocentesis is with the patient in sternal recumbency. The procedure can also be performed with a patient in lateral recumbency or in a standing position, depending on their disposition. Proper restraint is vital to prevent pulmonary laceration or cardiac perforation. The patient should be attached to an electrocardiogram during the procedure to monitor for ventricular premature contractions due to possible unintended cardiac contact. The pericardiocentesis site should be clipped and aseptically prepared with a chlorhexidine‐based antiseptic solution. The instruments needed are listed in Box 2.14 (see also Chapter 34, Figure 34.3 and Chapter 45).

Figure 2.15 Contrast study in a male dog identifying the location of a urethral obstruction.

Figure 2.16 Contrast extravasation from a tear in the urinary bladder in a patient diagnosed with a uroabdomen.

Figure 2.17 (a) Temporary tracheostomy set. (b) Additional equipment to perform a temporary tracheostomy including a tracheal hook retractor (far left), tracheal dilator (middle), reusable metal tracheostomy tubes, stay suture labels, and a tracheostomy tube holder (far right).