Читать книгу Perovskite Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications - Группа авторов - Страница 14

Every operation of a semiconductor device relies on the carriers carrying charge within the semiconductor and creating electrical currents. It is crucial to understand the exact number of these carriers so as to interpret the functioning of the device. First, we assume the thermal equilibrium of the semiconductor. This means that there are no external forces acting on the semiconductor, such as voltage, electrical fields, magnetic fields, or temperature gradients. In this case, all of the semiconductor’s properties are independent of time [1].