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Since the initial reports of chiral cation phase‐transfer catalysis, there has been an exponential growth in the number of key strategies available for asymmetric induction of reactions involving ion‐pairing. Currently, there is a push to better understand the mechanistic interplay between the chiral ion, its achiral counterion, and the substrate. This has taken the form of utilizing traditional transition state analysis by DFT, as well as newer data‐intensive approaches that focus on linear‐regression analysis. Another major area of current focus is utilizing these interesting noncovalent effects in combination with the unique reactivity of transition‐metal catalysis, to yield novel enantioselective methodologies.

Scheme 4.57. Asymmetric ring opening of strained heterocycles by anion‐binding catalysis.

Source: Based on [193].