Читать книгу Animal Behavior for Shelter Veterinarians and Staff - Группа авторов - Страница 110

Panting

Pacing

Trembling

Salivating

Increased blood pressure

Increased heart rate

Increased respiratory rate

Dilated pupils

Avoidance behaviors such as hiding

Hypervigilance

General behavioral arousal

Irritability

Restlessness

Freezing or tonic immobility response

Increased aggression or threatening behaviors

Sleep‐wake cycle disturbances

Lowered body posture (crouching)

Lowered ears

Tucked tail

Repeated lip or snout licking

Yawning

Differentiating pathological anxiety from the situational anxiety that might be expected in an animal that has recently been introduced into a shelter situation will not be easy as the line between normal and abnormal is often vague. However, caretakers should remain aware that some animals will not adapt well to the shelter environment due to preexisting behavioral pathology. In addition, the behavioral pathology may predispose these animals to illness and poor welfare due to the chronic stimulation of the HPA axis and the animal’s inability to adapt to the changing environment. Lastly, anxiety can occur as a result of any disease process, pain, or discomfort, especially if it remains unidentified by caretakers and thus untreated.