Читать книгу A Companion to Latin American Literature and Culture - Группа авторов - Страница 29

1 1 This chapter builds on the concept of “epistemic violence” as developed by Gayatri Chakravorti Spivak in her essay “Can the Subaltern Speak?” (1988). I have developed these ideas on writing violence in Inventing America (Rabasa, 1993) and Writing Violence on the Northern Frontier (Rabasa, 2000).

2 2 I derive the concept of “echography” from Jacques Derrida and Bernard Stiegler, Echographies of Television (2002). This book is the full and literal transcript of a recorded conversation filmed by Jean Joseph Rosé under the auspices of the Institut National de l’Audiovisuel, on December 22, 1993. This conversation reflects on the nature of television as a medium that captures and transmits live events. The transmission of the live event is never as direct nor as unmediated as the concept would suggest, but the effect, the capacity to reproduce the immediacy of an event suggests a most accomplished technology for producing mimetic artifacts. The reproduction of reality, however, is implicit to the inscription and reception of images. As Roland Barthes has argued, it is particular to the analog image of photography to have first made possible the preservation of reality as “this was” (1981), but as Derrida and Stiegler argue, the pursuit of the effect of the real antedates the invention of photography. Within the West, written letters have a privileged place in the history of recording the real, which would be followed by analog and, more recently, by digital reproducibility. I further elaborate the concept of echography in “Eco- grafía de la voz en la historiografía nahua” (Rabasa, forthcoming).

3 3 The title of Vera Cruz’s lectures was Relectio edit a per Reverendum Patrem Alfonsum a Vera Cruce, Sacrae theologiae magistratum, Augustinianae familiae priorem, et cathedra primariae eiusdem facultatis in Academia Mexicam regentem (A discussion by the Reverend Father Alonso de la Vera Cruz, master of Sacred theology, prior of the Augustinian order, and head professor of the same subject in the University of Mexico). He referred to this treatise as Relectio de dominio infidelium & justo bello (A discussion on the dominion of unbelievers and just war) in the first edition of his Speculum coniugiorum (Mirror of the married, 1556) (Vera Cruz, 1968: 53).