Читать книгу Managing Medical and Obstetric Emergencies and Trauma - Группа авторов - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
5 Working group for fourth edition
6 Contributors to fourth edition
7 Working group for third edition
8 Contributors to previous editions
12 Contact details and further information Updates References On‐line feedback
13 How to use your textbook The anytime, anywhere textbook
15 PART 1: Introduction CHAPTER 1: Introduction CHAPTER 2: Saving mothers’ lives: lessons from the Confidential Enquiries 2.1 Introduction 2.2 How the enquiries work 2.3 Lessons from the past 2.4 Recent lessons 2.5 Direct deaths 2.6 Indirect deaths 2.7 Coincidental deaths 2.8 Quality of care 2.9 The international dimension 2.10 Summary 2.11 Further reading CHAPTER 3: Structured approach to emergencies in the obstetric patient 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Resuscitation 3.3 Definitive care 3.4 Summary CHAPTER 4: Human factors 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Extent of healthcare error 4.3 Causes of healthcare error 4.4 Human error 4.5 Learning from error 4.6 Communication 4.7 Team working, leadership and followership 4.8 Situation (or situational) awareness 4.9 Improving team and individual performance 4.10 Summary 4.11 Further reading
16 PART 2: Recognition CHAPTER 5: Recognising the seriously sick patient 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Modified early‐warning systems 5.3 Summary 5.4 Further reading Appendix 5.1 Blood gas interpretation Appendix 5.2 Radiology in the pregnant woman CHAPTER 6: Shock 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Aortocaval compression and supine hypotension syndrome 6.3 Types of shock 6.4 Symptoms and signs of shock 6.5 Principles of treatment 6.6 Summary 6.7 Further reading CHAPTER 7: Sepsis 7.1 Introduction and definition 7.2 Sepsis in pregnancy 7.3 Pathophysiology of sepsis 7.4 Microbiology 7.5 Clinical issues and presentation 7.6 Monitoring, investigations and urgent treatment 7.7 Summary 7.8 Further reading Appendix 7.1 Viral rash in pregnancy CHAPTER 8: Intravenous access andfluid replacement 8.1 Intravenous access 8.2 Alternatives to peripheral venous access 8.3 Intravenous fluid administration 8.4 Types of intravenous fluid 8.5 Clinical signs guiding fluid replacement 8.6 Fluid administration in special circumstances 8.7 Summary 8.8 Further reading CHAPTER 9: Acute cardiac disease in pregnancy 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Cardiac disease 9.3 Chest pain 9.4 Summary 9.5 Further reading
17 PART 3: Resuscitation CHAPTER 10: Airway management and ventilation 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Airway assessment 10.3 Airway management 10.4 Advanced airway techniques 10.5 Management of ventilation 10.6 Summary 10.7 Further reading Appendix 10.1 Practical procedures CHAPTER 11: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the pregnant patient 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Management of CPR 11.3 Follow the advanced life support algorithm 11.4 Physiological changes in pregnancy affecting resuscitation 11.5 Perimortem caesarean section 11.6 Communication, teamwork and human factors 11.7 Summary 11.8 Further reading CHAPTER 12: Amniotic fluid embolism 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Incidence of AFE 12.3 Clinical manifestations 12.4 Symptoms and signs 12.5 Diagnosis of AFE 12.6 Management of AFE 12.7 Summary 12.8 Further reading CHAPTER 13: Venous thromboembolism 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Pathophysiology of thromboembolism 13.3 Clinical presentation of pulmonary embolism 13.4 Management of thromboembolism 13.5 Investigations for patients with a possible pulmonary embolism 13.6 Treatment of thromboembolism 13.7 Summary 13.8 Further reading CHAPTER 14: Resuscitation of the neonate at birth 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Normal physiology 14.3 Pathophysiology 14.4 Equipment for newborn resuscitation 14.5 Strategy for assessing and resuscitating a neonate at birth 14.6 Laryngeal masks 14.7 Tracheal intubation 14.8 Preterm neonates 14.9 Actions in the event of poor initial response to resuscitation 14.10 Birth outside the delivery room 14.11 Communication with the parents 14.12 Summary
18 PART 4: Trauma CHAPTER 15: Introduction to trauma 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Aetiology and epidemiology 15.3 Obstetric complications of trauma 15.4 Organisation of trauma care 15.5 Trauma call timeline for a pregnant trauma patient 15.6 Damage control resusucitation 15.7 Interventional radiology 15.8 Summary 15.9 Further reading CHAPTER 16: Domestic abuse 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Domestic abuse and pregnancy 16.3 Summary 16.4 Useful contacts 16.5 Further reading CHAPTER 17: Thoracic emergencies 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Initial assessment and management of thoracic emergencies 17.3 Life‐threatening chest injuries 17.4 Potentially life‐threatening chest injuries 17.5 Summary 17.6 Further reading Appendix 17.1 Practical procedures CHAPTER 18: Abdominal trauma in pregnancy 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Trauma to the uterus 18.3 Primary survey and resuscitation 18.4 Secondary survey 18.5 Summary 18.6 Further reading CHAPTER 19: The unconscious patient 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Principles of treatment of the unconscious patient 19.3 Primary survey and resuscitation 19.4 Assessment of fetal well‐being and viability 19.5 Secondary survey 19.6 Types of head injury 19.7 Summary 19.8 Further reading CHAPTER 20: Spine and spinal cord injuries 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Immobilisation and motion restriction techniques 20.3 Evaluation of a patient with a suspected spinal injury 20.4 Principles of treatment in spinal injuries 20.5 Summary 20.6 Further reading CHAPTER 21: Musculoskeletal trauma 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Primary survey 21.3 Secondary survey 21.4 Summary 21.5 Further reading CHAPTER 22: Burns 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Pathophysiology of burns 22.3 Primary survey and resuscitation 22.4 Secondary survey 22.5 Definitive care 22.6 Summary 22.7 Further reading
19 PART 5: Other obstetric medical and surgical emergencies CHAPTER 23: Abdominal emergencies 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Pathophysiology of abdominal pain in pregnancy 23.3 Clinical approach to diagnosis: history, examination and investigations 23.4 Clinical management of abdominal emergencies 23.5 Summary 23.6 Further reading CHAPTER 24: Diabetic emergencies 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Pathophysiology of DKA 24.3 Presentation of DKA 24.4 Treatment of DKA 24.5 Hypoglycaemia in pregnancy 24.6 Summary 24.7 Further reading CHAPTER 25: Neurological emergencies 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Headache 25.3 Primary headache 25.4 Secondary headache 25.5 Differential diagnosis of seizures in pregnancy 25.6 Acute management of a seizure 25.7 Summary 25.8 Further reading CHAPTER 26: Perinatal psychiatric illness 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Mental health problems in pregnancy 26.3 Mental health problems after delivery 26.4 Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths (CEMD) 26.5 Management of mental health problems 26.6 Labour ward crises 26.7 Neonatal paediatricians 26.8 Summary 26.9 Further reading
20 PART 6: Obstetric emergencies CHAPTER 27: Pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Pre‐eclampsia 27.3 Management of severe pre‐eclampsia 27.4 Management of eclampsia 27.5 HELLP syndrome 27.6 Summary 27.7 Further reading CHAPTER 28: Major obstetric haemorrhage 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Major obstetric haemorrhage (MOH) 28.3 Maternal signs of shock 28.4 Management of major obstetric haemorrhage 28.5 Patients declining blood and blood products 28.6 Summary 28.7 Further reading CHAPTER 29: Caesarean section 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Surgical technique for caesarean section 29.3 Specific difficulties encountered at caesarean section 29.4 Audit standards 29.5 Summary 29.6 Further reading CHAPTER 30: Abnormally invasive placenta and retained placenta 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Abnormally invasive placenta 30.3 Retained placenta 30.4 Summary 30.5 Further reading CHAPTER 31: Uterine inversion 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Recognition of uterine inversion 31.3 Management of uterine inversion 31.4 Summary 31.5 Further reading CHAPTER 32: Ruptured uterus 32.1 Introduction 32.2 Incidence and predisposing factors 32.3 Management of ruptured uterus 32.4 Summary 32.5 Further reading CHAPTER 33: Ventouse and forceps delivery 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Training and simulation in obstetrics 33.3 Indications for operative vaginal delivery 33.4 Ventouse/vacuum cup 33.5 Forceps 33.6 Following on from any instrumental delivery 33.7 Supervising an instrumental delivery 33.8 Documentation and debriefing 33.9 Summary 33.10 Online resources 33.11 Further reading CHAPTER 34: Shoulder dystocia 34.1 Introduction 34.2 Clinical risks and outcomes of shoulder dystocia 34.3 Management of shoulder dystocia 34.4 Following delivery 34.5 Medicolegal aspects 34.6 Summary 34.7 Further reading CHAPTER 35: Umbilical cord prolapse 35.1 Introduction 35.2 Clinical management of umbilical cord prolapse 35.3 Documentation 35.4 Summary 35.5 Further reading CHAPTER 36: Face presentation 36.1 Introduction 36.2 Clinical approach to face presentation 36.3 Summary 36.4 Further reading CHAPTER 37: Breech delivery and external cephalic version 37.1 Introduction 37.2 External cephalic version 37.3 Vaginal breech delivery 37.4 Failure to deliver 37.5 Medicolegal matters 37.6 Summary 37.7 Further reading CHAPTER 38: Twin pregnancy 38.1 Introduction 38.2 Clinical approach to a twin pregnancy 38.3 Intrapartum management of vaginal twin deliveries 38.4 Communication and team working 38.5 Summary 38.6 Further reading CHAPTER 39: Complex perineal and anal sphincter trauma 39.1 Introduction 39.2 Assessment of perineal trauma 39.3 Repair of trauma 39.4 Training 39.5 Summary 39.6 Further reading CHAPTER 40: Symphysiotomy and destructive procedures 40.1 Introduction 40.2 Symphysiotomy 40.3 Destructive procedures 40.4 Summary 40.5 Further reading CHAPTER 41: Anaesthetic complications in obstetrics 41.1 Introduction 41.2 Difficult intubation 41.3 Regional blocks (epidural and spinal anaesthesia and analgesia) 41.4 Complications of regional anaesthesia 41.5 Complications due to local anaesthetic drugs 41.6 Serious immediate complications of local anaesthetic drugs 41.7 Complications of opioids 41.8 Complications of technique 41.9 Neurological damage 41.10 Effects of complications on the fetus 41.11 Summary 41.12 Further reading CHAPTER 42: Triage 42.1 Introduction 42.2 Assessment of the pregnant woman 42.3 Scenarios 42.4 Summary 42.5 Further reading CHAPTER 43: Transfer 43.1 Introduction 43.2 ACCEPT approach 43.3 Common coordination problems 43.4 Summary 43.5 Further reading CHAPTER 44: Consent matters 44.1 Introduction 44.2 Sufficient information 44.3 Capacity 44.4 Voluntarily given consent 44.5 Who can obtain consent? 44.6 Summary 44.7 Further reading
21 References and further reading
22 Index
