Читать книгу Renewable Integrated Power System Stability and Control - Hassan Bevrani - Страница 13

Nomenclature

X,Ydata matricesεKernel bandwidthλeigenvalueσsingular valueξdampingυvector of natural modesψ,φeigenvectorsΨΦmatrices of eigenvectorsΓinflation operatorθphase angleΛdiagonal matrix of eigenvalues∑diagonal matrix of singular valuesδsmechanical rotor angle (rad)δrotor angle position (rad)rotor angle position of the COI (rad)ωangular speed (rad/s)ωsmechanical rotor angular speed (rad/s)ω rated angular speed (rad/s)Tm(t)mechanical input torque (p.u.)Te(t)electrical output torque (p.u.)Minertia constant of the system (s)inertia of ESS in area i (s)minimum required ESS inertia, in compliance with RoCof, in area i (s)minimum required ESS inertia, in compliance with frequency nadir, in area i (s)Ddamping coefficientI(t)impulse response of the systemP(n)data sequence of interestPininjected power of ESS to the host gridKnumber of sinusoidal components in noiseLlength of P(n)Lx ,Lylatent variablesJmoment of inertiaakmagnitudeΦ kinitial phase angleωkharmonic frequency in radiusAkcomplex magnitude of the kth‐harmonicsieigenvectors associated with the noise subspaceesignal eigenvectoreUcomplex‐conjugate transpose of eCcapcapital costs ($/kW)CPCSpower conversion system costs ($/kW)Cstorstorage section costs ($/kWh)CBOPpower balance costs ($/kW)tchcharging/discharging time (h)CO & Moperation and maintenance costs ($/kW‐year)CR,aannualized replacement costs ($/kW‐year)Ccap,aannualized total capital costs ($/kW‐year)CLCC,aannualized life cycle costs ($/kW‐year)CRFcapital recovery factorCRreplacement costs ($/kWh)CFOM,afixed operation and maintenance costs ($/kW‐year)CVOM,avariable operation and maintenance costs ($/kWh)ncyclenumber of discharge cycles per yearζccharging efficiency of the battery (%)ζddischarging efficiency of the battery (%)ηpower angle‐based stability indexi (j)area (bus) indexffrequency (Hz)virtual transferred power (pu)fictitious reactance (pu)TtieCOIi,japplied torques from bus j to COITtieCOIi,COGapplied torques from COG to COIAiarea iΔPisize of disturbance in area iξ−deviations from the target value in negative directionξ+deviations from the target value in positive directionξtarget valuepsprobability of each scenariosscenario counterICinternal combustionSMsynchronous machineMPslope of P‐ꞷ droopKPIintegral control gainKPPproportional control gainFCMDcommand fuel signalECMDexciter control signalPmeasmeasured value of real powerQmeasmeasured value of reactive powerI•line currentKtftorque to fuel conversion ratioηthrthermal constantKcvcalorific valueKfrfuel rate at rated speedKmmechanic losses constantτeexciter machine time constantPMGinjected power of MG to the host gridωMGsangular speed at the point of common couplingζDGs re‐dispatching time (s)υDGs islanding time (s)nnumber of areasβfrequency biasPGensetgeneration of GenstLlevel arm length (m)conventional synchronous inertia (s)TDdelivery time of primary frequency response (s)Kf(s)transfer function of the phase‐locked loopMMMGmuti‐micro‐grid inerta constant (s)Vinitial values of terminal voltageY HHankel matrix‖.‖norm