Читать книгу A Middle English Vocabulary, Designed for use with Sisam's Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose - J. R. R. Tolkien - Страница 6

Table of Contents

1. a varies with o (before m, n); as land, lang, lamb—lond, long, lomb; man, name—(Western) mon, nome.

2. a (= ā) varies in Northern texts with (i) ai, ay; as (a) fare, fare—fayre (b) fayre—farest, fairest: (ii) with Southern o, oo; see 14.

3. ai, ay varies with (i) ei, ey; as mayntene—meyntene: (ii) a; see 2: (iii) o, oo; see 2.

4. au (before m, n) varies with a (chiefly in French words); as daunce—dance.

5. be-, prefix varies with bi-; as begynne—biginne.

6. c varies with k; as bac, court—bak, kort.

7. des-, prefix varies with dis-; as des-, disavauntage.

8. e (= ẹ̄) varies in Northern texts with ei, ey; as wel(e)—weill, weyl; stele—steill. See 13, 20.

9. ei, ey varies with (i) ai, ay (cf. 3); as weie, wey(e)—way(e): (ii) hence in Northern texts with a; as strat-ly—streyte: (iii) with e; see 8.

10. er varies with later ar; as fer, hertely—far, hartely.

11. f varies with u (= v): (i) initially (Southern); as fader—uader: (ii) finally (Northern); as haf(e)—haue.

12. ght varies with ȝt, cht (Scottish), ht, st; as nyght—niȝt, nycht, nyht, seuenist.

13. i (vowel) varies with y, passim: i, y varies with (i) e in Northern texts; as hider, liuen, myddel—heder, leue, medill: (ii) with e, (South) Western u; as hil, fyrst—hell, uerst—hul, furst.

14. o, oo (= ǭ) varies in Northern texts with (i) a; as hot, hoot—hate: (ii) hence also with ai (see 2): (iii) with oi, oy; see next.

15. o, oo (= ọ̄) varies in Northern texts with (i) ou, u; as god, good—goud, gud(e): (ii) oi, oy; as none, noon—noyne.

16. (s)sch varies with (s)sh, ss; as schewe—shewe, ssewe; fle(s)sch—flessh.

17. þ varies with th, passim.

18. u (in au, eu, ou) varies with w, passim; see 21.

19. u, v (= u) varies with o (esp. before m, n); as sun(ne)—sonne; but—bot(e); see also 15.

20. u, v (= ü) varies in Western texts with (i) e, eo; as erthe—(Western) eorþe, vrþe: (ii) with i, y, e; see 13.

21. w varies medially with gh, ȝ (u); as owen, own—oghne, oȝene, oune: initially (Scottish) with v; as woundit—voundit.

22. y (consonant) varies initially with ȝ; as ye—ȝe; medially with i, (i)gh, (i)ȝ; as say, se(i)gh, se(i)ȝe, saw.

23. single consonant varies with double; as sad—sadde.

24. single vowel varies with double; as breed—brede, breadth; wod—wood, mad.