Читать книгу A Middle English Vocabulary, Designed for use with Sisam's Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose - J. R. R. Tolkien - Страница 9
ОглавлениеCaas. See Cas(e).
Cagge(n), v. to tie up, VI 152. [Not known; only allit.]
Cayre, v. to ride, V 52. [ON. keyra.]
Calabre, n. calaber (a squirrel fur), VIII a 265. [OFr. Calabre, Calabria.]
Calde. See Colde.
Call(e), v. to call (cry, summon, name), I 32, IV b 47, VI 182, X 70, XVI 126, XVII 432, &c.; subj. sg. XVI 141; Cald, pp. named, VII 70, XVII 513. [OE. (late) ceallian, from ON. kalla.]
Cam. See Com.
Cammede, adj. XV h 5; ? snub-nosed (cf. Reeve's Tale, 14); ? crooked (fits context better, but see etym.). [Cf. OFr., ME. camus, snub-nosed; cammed, bent (from Welsh cam), is not else recorded till later.]
Can, v.1 I know, know how to, can. Pres. ind. 1, 3 sg. Can, II 22, 437, XIII b 38 (knows), &c.; Con, V 70, 215, XV c 26; Kan(ne), I 45, IV a 11, 90, XVI 74; 2 sg. Can(ne), XVI 100, XVII 229; Canstow (see Þou), VIII b 12; pl. Can, IX 208; Con, VI 21; Conen, know, IX 185, 208; Conne, VI 161; Conneþ, VIII a 116, XIII a 17, b 22, 38 (know); Cunne, XIV c 101; Kan(e), IV b 21, 41, 44, 86; Konne, VIII a 70; Kunnen, XI b 153 (know), 275; pres. subj. Conne, VIII a 143; Kun(ne), XIV b 90, VIII a 250; pa. t. Couþe, Cowþe, I introd., V 115, 205, XII introd., b 200, &c.; cowþeȝ (2 sg.) with double constr., VI 124 (note); pa. t. subj. could, might (have), Coude, XI b 271, XVII 286; Couþe, V 276, 353; Cowth, XVII 473. Can no other red, XII b 102, see Red; how I can of, what I can do in the way of, XVII 250. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish this verb from the next (e.g. at V 205, VI 139, XVII 468). [OE. can, con; cūþe.]
Can, Con, v.2 auxil. used with infin. as equivalent of simple pa. t. (con calle = called, V 144), and also, by confusion with prec., of a present (con dresse = brings about, VI 135); 1, 3 sg. Con, V 167, 227, VI 51, 77, 93, 181, 221, 223, &c.; 2 sg. Coneȝ, VI 122; pl. Can, X 50, 66, 108, 112; Con, VI 149, 191; pa. t. did, ? V 205 (see prec.). [Due to confusion in form, and partly also in sense, between Gan (q.v.) and prec.; cf. begouth (s.v. Begynne).]
Canell, n. cinnamon, IX 158. [OFr. canelle.]
Caple, n. horse, V 107. [Cf. ON. kapall; see N.E.D.]
Cardinales, n. pl. cardinals, XIV b 40, 41. [OFr. cardinal.]
Care, Kare, n. woe, misery, IV a 18, 44, 60, V 316, VI 11, &c.; care (of), anxiety (concerning), V 311. [OE. caru.]
Care, v. to have sorrow, XIV b 1. [OE. carian.]
Carie, v. to carry, XII b 27. [ONFr. carier.]
Caroigne, Caryon, n. dead body, carrion, VIII a 85, XVII 502. [ONFr. caroigne; the phonology of the second form is obscure.]
Carp, v. to converse, VI 21; prate, XVII 360. [ON. karpa, brag.]
Carpyng, n. narration, X introd. [From prec.]
Cart, n. cart, VIII b 13, XVII 534; v. to cart, VIII b 66; Cartere, n. carter (as a name), XIV d 3; Cart-mare, n. draught-mare, VIII a 282. [ON. kart-r, OE. cræt.]
Cas, Case, n. chance, general run of events, circumstances, plight, II 175, III 20, VII 25, 73, XII a 49, b 194, &c.; Caas, pl. XIII b 40; in cas, it may be, XI 101, 105, 216; per cas, by chance, XII a 7, b 4. [OFr. cas.]
Cast(e), v.; Cast(e), pa. t. V 249, XII b 70, &c.; Kest, V 207; Casten, pp. IV a 60; Icast, XIV c 79; Kast, I 143; Kest, V 174; to cast, throw, put, I 143, IV b 3, VIII a 61, X 33, XII b 103, &c.; (in charity), VIII a 16; to cast off, XVII 262; icast out, abandoned, XIV c 79; to offer, propose, V 174, 207; to scheme, XI b 306. [ON. kasta; for e forms before st cf. Morsbach, ME. Gram. § 87, n. 2.] See Kest, n.; Vpcaste.
Castel(l), n. castle, II 159, X 173, XVII 349, 538; a tower or raised structure on the deck of a ship (see Topcastell), XVII 272. [OE. (late) castel from ONFr. castel.]
Catel, Catayll, Catall, n. sg. collect., goods, property, VIII a 86, 141, 214, XIV c 75, XVI 242, XVII 156 (cattle), 326. [ONFr. catel.]
Cateractes, n. pl. flood-gates, XVII 343, 451 (see Genesis, vii. 11, viii. 2; Vulgate cataractæ, sluices).
Caue, n. cave, V 114, XII a 65. [OFr. cave.]
Cause (of), n. cause, reason (of), XI a 17, 54, XIII b 66, XIV c 9; cause þerto, cause for it, XVII 102; cause, side in a quarrel, &c., IX 82, XI a 50. [OFr. cause.]
Cawht. See Kache.
Cerched. See Serche.
Certayn(e), Certeyn(e), Sarteyn(e) (XVI), adj. certain, sure; fixed, definite, XI b 113, XVI 225; some particular, IX 268; come to no certeyn, came to nothing, I 179; nouȝt of certeyne, no definite rule, VIII a 145; adv. assuredly, indeed, I 231, XVI 94, XVII 176, &c. [OFr. certain.]
Certes, Certis, adv. certainly, truly, VIII b 22, X 134, XI b 42, 293. [OFr. certes.]
Cesse, Sesse, v. to cease, leave off, come to an end, VIII a 172, XI b 205, XVI 44, 294; Cest, pp. XVII 451; Cessynge, n. ceasing, XI b 85. [OFr. cesser.]
Chace, n. quarry (in hunting), XII b 7. [OFr. chace.]
Chace(n), to pursue, drive, IX 167, 229; chace of, drive, oust from, VI 83. [OFr. chacier.]
Chaffare, v. to engage in trade, VIII a 235, b 98. [From ME. chapfare, chaffare, n.; see Chapuare.]
Chayngede. See Chaunge.
Chambre(s). See Chaumber.
Chanel, n. channel, river-bed, XIII a 57. [OFr. chanel.] Cf. Kanel.
Chapel(le), n. chapel, private oratory (attached to a castle, &c.), V 35, 118, &c.; Schapellis, pl. XI b 234. [OFr. chapelle.]
Chapelleyn, Chaplayn, n. chaplain (a priest serving a 'chapel'; see prec.), VIII a 12, V 39. [OFr. chapelain.]
Chapman, n. merchant, XII b 179. [OE. cēap-man.]
Chapuare, n. trading, bargain, III 60. [OE. cēap + faru; cf. ON. kaup-för.] See Chaffare, v.
Charde, pa. t. sg. turned back, ceased to flow, VI 248. [OE. cerran.]
Charge, n. burden; weight, IV b 48; a þing of charge, a weighty, important matter, XIV c 52. [OFr. charge.] See next.
Charge(n), v. to burden, IV b 51; charge(n) with, to burden with, to impose as an obligation, XI b 150, 198, 199, &c.; to enjoin, order (a person), XI b 15, 31, 71, 120, 193; to attach weight, importance, to, XI b 104, 106, 184, 188, 225. [OFr. charger.]
Charious, adj. burdensome, XI b 204. [OFr. chargeous, charjous.]
Charité, Charyté, n. charity, christian love (for God or one's fellows), IV b 15, VI 110, XI b 25, &c.; out of ch., not in a state of ch., XI b 26, 89; I will kepe ch., I will not lose my temper, XVII 235; par charité, for ch., for of saynte ch., (formulæ used in prayers, or requests), in the name of (holy) charity, VIII a 250, XV d 5, XVII 165, 174; amen for ch., a formula of conclusion, XVII 558. [OFr. charité; (de) par (sainte) charité.]
Charke, v. to creak, XII a 70. [OE. cearcian.]
Charnel, n. cemetery, VIII a 50. [OFr. charnel.]
Chaste, v. to rebuke, punish, VIII a 53, 318. [OFr. chastier.]
Chastice, Chastis(e), Chastyse, v. to punish, chastise, curb, XIV c 70, d 5, XVII 398, 403. [OFr. (rare) chastiser.]
Chaud(e), adj. hot, VIII a 306; (Fr. word indicating affectation of manners above labourers' station.)
Chaumber, Chambre (XVII), n. room (usually a smaller private room or bedroom), II 100, 196, 584, XVII 129, 281 (see Ches, and note), &c. [OFr. chambre.]
Chaunce, Chance, n. chance, fortune, adventure, event, I 22, 25, 28, 135, 221, V 331, VII 16; for ch. þat may falle, whatever may happen, V 64; he cheueȝ þat chaunce, he contrives that event, brings it to pass, V 35; per chance, XII b 18, 57. [OFr. ch(e)ance.]
Chaunge, Change, v. to alter, change, trans. and intr., IV a 2, 42, XII a 125, XIII a 4, 56, XV a 22, &c.; Chayngede, pa. t. XIII b 28; Ychaunged, pp. VIII b 85, XIII b 27. Chaunged his cher, V 101, see Chere. [OFr. changier; chaingier.]
Chaungyng, n. vicissitudes, VII 16; ch. of wit, alteration of sense, mistranslation, XI a 47.
Chees. See Chese, v.
Cheyne, n. chain, X 31. [OFr. chaine.]
Chekes, n. pl. cheeks, VIII a 169; maugré Medes (thi) chekes, in Meed's (thy) despite, VIII a 41, 151; see Maugré. [OE. cēace, cēce.]
Chekke, n. ill-luck, V 127. [OFr. eschec, checkmate.]
Chelde, adj. cold, XV e 16. [OE. (WS.) céald.] See Colde.
Chenes, n. pl. fissures, XIII a 8. [OE. cine, cion-.]
Chepynge, n. market, VIII a 294. [OE. cēping.]
Cher(e), Chiere (XII), n. face, XV c 15; looks, XII a 120; demeanour, VI 47; mery chere, gladness, XVII 463. Chaunged his cher, V 101; ? altered the direction in which he faced, turned this way and that (cf. Sir Gaw., 711); but the phrase elsewhere always refers to colour or expression of face. [OFr. chiere, chere.]
Cherche, Chirche, Churche, n. church, Church, I 3, 21, VIII a 12, 50, b 12, 63 (note), XI a 62, b 178, &c. [OE. cirice, circe.] See Kirke.
Chercheȝerd, n. churchyard, I 3, 66, 263; Cherche porche, church porch, I 77. [Prec. + OE. géard; OFr. porche.]
Cherles. See Chorle.
Cheruelles, n. pl. chervils (a garden pot-herb), VIII a 289. [OE. cerfille.]
Ches, Chese (MS. chefe), n. in thre ches(e), three tiers or rows of, XVII 129, 281 (followed by sg. noun). [Perhaps a use of ME. ches, chess, as 'rows of squares' (OFr. eschez, pl. of eschec, see Chekke).]
Chese, v. to choose; chese ȝou, choose (for) yourselves, II 217; Chees, Ches, pa. t. sg. XI b 56, XII a 110; for past pple. see Ycore. [OE. cēosan.]
Cheses, n. pl. cheeses, VIII a 276. [OE. cēse.]
Chesible, n. chasuble (the outer vestment of a priest when celebrating Mass), VIII a 12. [OFr. chesible.]
Chesouns, n. pl. reasons, XI a 50. [Shortened from OFr. ache(i)son; see Enchesone.]
Cheualrous, adj. chivalrous, V 331. [OFr. chevalerous.] See Chiualrye.
Cheue, v. (to acquire), control, bring about; cheueȝ þat chaunce, brings that event to pass, V 35; Cheuyt, pp. brought about, VII 16. [OFr. chever and achever.] See Acheue.
Cheuentayn, n. chieftain, Lord, VI 245. [OFr. chevetaine.]
Chibolles, n. pl. chibols, a variety of small onion, VIII a 289. [ONFr. *chiboule, OFr. ciboule.]
Chyche, n. niggard, VI 245. [OFr. chiche, adj.]
Chyde, v. intr. to complain, find fault, VI 43, VIII a 307, 314. [OE. cīdan.]
Chiere. See Cher(e).
Child, Chylde, n. child, III 39, IV a 73, &c., child hys, child's, XIII b 23; Childer, Chylder, pl. XVII 327, 527; Childern, Chyldern, XIII b 16, 33, 37, &c.; Children, VIII a 91, &c. [OE. cíld; cildru, pl.]
Child-bedde, n.; on child-bedde, in travail, II 399. [OE. cíld + bedd.]
Chillyng, n. becoming cold, in for chillyng of here mawe, to prevent their stomachs getting cold, VIII a 306. [OE. cilian; but see N.E.D.]
Chirche. See Cherche.
Chiries, n. pl. cherries, VIII a 289. [ONFr. cherise, sg.; cf. OE. cires-bēam.]
Chyteryng, n. chattering, XIII b 14. [Echoic.]
Chiualrye, n. knighthood, the knights as a body, XIV c 42. [OFr. chev-, chivalerie.] See Cheualrous.
Chorle, n. common man, V 39; Cherles, pl. VIII a 50. [OE. céorl.]
Cité, Cyté, Cytee, Citie, Sité, n. city, II 48, 479, VII 66, 85, VIII b 94, IX 23, XIII b 67, &c. [OFr. cité.]
Cytryne, adj. lemon-yellow, IX 115. [OFr. citrin.]
Clanly, adv. elegantly, VII 53. [OE. clǣ̆n-līce.] See Clene.
Clatere, v. to clatter, resound, V 133, VII 137. [OE. clatrian.]
Clateryng, n. clattering, XV h 4. [OE. clatrung.]
Clause, n. clause (in grammar), XIV c 11 (see Construwe). [Med.L. clausa, OFr. clause.]
Cled, pp. clad; cled in Stafford blew, beaten black and blue, XVII 200; see Blew. [OE. clǣþan (rare).]
Cleket, n. trigger, X 82. [OFr. cliquet.]
Clene, adj. clean, IV b 6, V 323, 325; unmixed, VIII a 299; pure, VII 179, XI b 295, XV i 7; elegant, VII 77; splendid, VII 150 (or adv.). [OE. clǣne.] See Clanly, Clense.
Clen(e), Cleane, adv. entirely, VII 150 (or adj.), XIV b 77, c 56, 80. [OE. clǣne.]
Clengeȝ, 3 sg. pres. clings, V 10. [OE. *cléngan.] See Clingge.
Clense, v. to cleanse, clear out, IV a 7, VIII a 98. [OE. clǣ̆nsian.]
Clepe(n), Clepyn, v. to call (cry, summon, name), I introd., II 201, III 12, 24, IX 27, XII a 76, b 16; Cleped, Clept, pp. II 49, IX 3, XII a 6, &c.; Ycleped, II 52, III 17, 32. [OE. cleopian.]
Clere, adj. clear, bright, glorious, fair, II 269, 358, V 283, VII 107, 123, XVI 128, 389; free (from guilt), *XVI 356 (MS. clene); adv. clearly, VII 77; Clerlych, adv. clearly, XIII a 12. [OFr. cler.]
Clerematyn, n. (? lit. 'fine morning') appar. name of a fine flour, or bread made from it, VIII a 299. [? OFr. cler matin.]
Clerk(e), n. one in holy orders, ecclesiastic (opp. to 'lay'), scholar, writer, II 2, VII 53, VIII b 56, 58, XI a 36, 59, b 55, 177, XVI 283, &c.; Clerkus, pl. VIII b 65. [OE. cler(i)c; OFr. clerc.]
Clete, n. cleat, small (wedge-shaped) piece of wood; ȝaf nouȝt a cl. of = cared not a rap for, XIV c 54. [OE. *clēat; cf. OHG. chlōȥ, MDu. cloot.]
Cleue, v. to split, V 133. [OE. clēofan.]
Clyff, n. cliff, rock, V 10, 133. [OE. clif.]
Clingge, v. XV a 8; the clot him clingge, may the earth of the grave cling to him (or waste him; cf. alþaȝ oure corses in clotteȝ clynge, Pearl 857); Yclongen, pp. withered, II 508. [OE. clíngan, shrivel, shrink.] See Clengeȝ.
Clipte, pa. t. sg. clasped, XII b 62. [OE. clyppan.]
Cloise. See Clos.
Cloistre, n. monastery, III introd., VIII a 141. [OFr. cloistre.]
Cloke, n. cloak, VIII a 265. [OFr. cloque.]
Clomben, pa. t. pl. climbed, V 10. [OE. clímban; pa. t. pl. clúmbon.]
Cloos, n. enclosure; in cloos, enclosed, IX 191. [OFr. clos.]
Clos, Cloise (oi = ō, cf. Coyll), adj. closed; secluded, forbidden, VII 179; close, VI 152 (man hit cl., make it secure); adv. (or predic. adj.) close, near, VII 137. [OFr. clos.]
Close, v. to close, enclose, IX 172, XI b 39; Yclosed, pp. XIII a 24, 40. [From prec.] See Enclose.
Clot, n. clod, XV a 8 (see Clingge); Clottes, pl. lumps, XIII a 5. [OE. clott.]
Cloþ, n. a cloth, XV f 8; cloth, VIII a 14; Cloþes, &c., pl. clothes, I 165, 236, II 408, VII 175, VIII b 18, XI b 257, XIII a 9, &c. [OE clāþ.]
Cloþed, pp. clothed, VIII b 2. [OE. (late) clāþian.]
Cloþe-merys, n. pl. ? mare-clothers (? contemptuous reference to blacksmiths as fashioning pieces of horse-armour; for similar compound see Brenwaterys), XV h 21. [Prec. + OE. mēre.]
Cloude, n.1 clod of earth; under cloude, in the ground, XV b 31. [OE. clūd, mass of earth, or rock.]
Cloud(e), Clowde, n.2 cloud, VII 107, 137, XII a 137. [Prob. same as prec.]
Clout, n. piece of cloth, XV f 8, 11. [OE. clūt.]
Cloute, v. to patch; cloute more to, stick more on to it, XI b 200; go cloute thi shone, go and cobble your shoes, 'run away and play', XVII 353; Yclouted, pp. patched, VIII a 61. [OE. clūtian.]
Clowe; clowe gylofres, cloves, IX 157. [OFr. clou (nail) de girofle (gilofre).]
Clustre, n. bunch, IX 153, 160. [OE. cluster.]
Cnistes. See Knyght(e).
Cnowe. See Knowe.
Coc, Cok, n. cock, XII a 77, XV g 33. [OE. cocc.]
Coffes, n. pl. mittens, gloves, VIII a 62. [Unknown; cf. Prompt. Parv., 'cuffe, glove or meteyne'.]
Coyll, n. lit. cabbage; pottage, cabbage or vegetable soup, XVII 389. [OE. cāl; oy = ō (see the rimes).] See Koleplantes.
Coke, v. to put hay into cocks, VIII b 13. [From (obscure) ME. cocke, hay-cock; see N.E.D.]
Coker, n. a labourer (at haymaking or harvest), VIII b 13. [From prec.; cf. Cath. Angl., 'coker, autumnarius'.]
Cokeres, n. pl. leggings, VIII a 62. [OE. cocor, quiver; cf. Prompt. Parv., 'cocur, cothurnus'.]
Coket, n. very fine flour next in grade to the finest (wastell), VIII a 299. [Panis de coket occurs in 14th c. legal Latin; connexion between this and AFr. cokkette, Anglo-L. coketa, cocket, seal of King's Customhouse, has been suggested, but not proved.]
Cold(e), adj. cold, I 119, VII 115, &c.; Calde, IV a 82. [OE. cáld.]
Cold(e), n. cold, I 163, IX 31, XV f 13; for colde of, to keep the cold from (see For, prep.), VIII a 62. [OE. cáld.] See Chelde.
Col(e), n. live coal, IV a 13; coal, XV h 5. [OE. col, live coal.]
Coloppes, n. pl. 'collops', eggs fried on bacon, VIII a 280. [See N.E.D., s.v. Collop, and Cockney.]
Colour, n. colour, IX 34, XII a 55, &c.; outward appearance, XI b 217. [OFr. colour.]
Com, Come(n), Cum (X), v. to come, I 80, 176, II 137, V 43, X 45, 173, XVII 241, &c.; Comest, 2 sg. wilt come, XV g 5; Commys, 3 sg. XVII 507; Cam, pa. t. I 77, II 153, VIII a 294, &c.; Com(e), I 32, II 91, III 3, V 107, VI 222, VII 83, &c.; pa. t. subj. (should come, &c.), VI 214, 238, VIII a 108, X 29, XV g 30; Come(n), pp. I 161, II 29, 181, IX 314, &c.; Comyn, VII 40, 102; Comne, IV a 23; Cumen, XIV b 8, 87; Ycome(n), II 203, 319, 404, 422, 478, 592. With dat. refl. pron. in: foret hym com, forth came, XV g 18; in him com ... gon, came (walking) in (cf. OE. cōm inn gān), XV g 24; him com, III 19. Comen of, descended from, II 29. [OE. cuman, cōm, cumen.]
Coma(u)nde, Comawnde, Commaund, v. to command, I 105, VIII a 16, XI b 66, XV i 1, XVI 341, XVII 118, &c.; with to, XI b 40; to commend, V 343; to entrust, give, XI b 222. [OFr. comander.]
Com(m)aundement, &c., n. commandment, IV b 15, XI b 63, 86, 226; gaf in comm., commanded, XVII 32. [OFr. comandement.] See Maundement.
Comenci (II), Comse (VIII), v. to begin, VIII a 34, 309; pres. subj. II 247 (note to l. 57). [OFr. comencer.] See Comessing.
Comendacion, n. 'Commendation of Souls', an office for the dead (made a part of daily office) which originally ended with the prayer Tibi, Domine, commendamus, XI b 132.
Comessing, n. beginning, II 57. See Comenci.
Comford, &c. See Conforte, v.
Comyng(e), n. coming, advent, XII a 35, XVI 315, 363, &c.; hom comynge, homecoming, IX 285. See Com.
Comyn(s). See Com, Comun.
Comly(ch), adj. fair, beautiful, V 343, XVII 71. [OE. cȳmlic, influ. in ME. by assoc. with becomen.]
Comlyng, n. stranger, foreigner, XIII b 45. [OE. cuma + -ling.]
Commys. See Com.
Commyxstion, n. intermingling, XIII b 12. [L. commixtiōnem.]
Comne. See Com.
Comounly, adv. usually, IX 51; in common, IX 60. See Comun.
Compayni, n. company, II 462; Company(e), VII 150, IX 312, &c.; Cumpany(e), X 147, &c.; in cumpanye, in the society of men, I introd., IX 288. [OFr. compai(g)nie.]
Comparison, n. comparison; wiþoute comparison, XI b 237. [OFr. comparaison, -eson.]
Compelle, v. to compel, XI b 51, XIII b 18. [OFr. compeller.]
Compilet, pp. compiled, put together, VII 53. [OFr. compiler.]
Comprehended, pa. t. sg. comprised, embraced, IX 300. [L. comprehendere.]
Compunccion, n. repentance, XI b 180. [OFr. compunction.]
Comse. See Comenci.
Comun(e), adj. common (people), XIV b 67; as sb., the community, VIII b 20, 79; Comunes, Comyns, pl. the common people; the Commons (as an estate of the realm), XIV b 67, c 73; lay men, XI a 39, 59. [OFr. comun; and direct from L. commūnis.]
Con(en), Coneȝ. See Can, v.1 and v.2
Concyens, Conscience, n. conscience, IV b 15, VIII b 87, &c.; (personified) VIII b 6, &c. [OFr. conscience.]
Condicioun, n. nature, quality, XII a 120. [OFr. condicion.]
Confederat, adj. allied, XIII b 5. [L. con-fœderātus.]
Confesse, v. to confess, XI b 143; confessed clene, made clean by confession, V 323. [OFr. confesser.]
Conforme, v. (refl.), to suit (oneself), make (oneself) suitable, XII a 184. [OFr. conformer.]
Confort, Coumforde, n. support, comfort, consolation, VI 9, VIII b 79, XII a 151. [OFr. con-, cunfort.]
Conforte, Com-, v. to comfort, succour, support, IV a 15, VIII a 214; Comford, pa. t. pl. VII 173. [OFr. conforter.]
Confusyun, n. putting to shame, I 203. [OFr. confusion.]
Congele, v. to congeal, IX 64. [OFr. congeler.]
Conig, n. rabbit, XIV b 75. [OFr. conin, coning.]
Conne, Conneþ, &c. See Can, v.1
Connynge, n. intelligence, IV b 56, 79. [From cunn-, old infin. stem of Can, v.1]
Conquerour, n. conqueror, XIV c 92. [OFr. conquerour.]
Conquest, n. the (Norman) Conquest, XIII b 32. [OFr. conqueste.]
Consaile (-sale, -seyl, -seille), Counsail(le), (-sayle, -sayll), n. counsel, deliberation, advice, II 179, VIII a 309, X 15, XIV b 40, 43, XVI 114, 163, XVII 157; prudence, IV b 56, 57, 61; council, VIII a 312, IX 296, 298. [OFr. conseil, c(o)unseil, counsel, council.]
Conseille, v. to advise, VIII a 14; Counsell, imper. sg. XVII 472. [OFr. conseillier.]
Consente, v. to agree; consented to o wyl, was agreed, I 49. [OFr. consentir.]
Consider, v. to reflect, XVII 291. [OFr. considerer.]
Constreyne, v. to force, VIII b 56, XI b 248. [OFr. constreign-, stem of constreindre.]
Construccion, n. construing, XIII b 28. [L. constructiōnem; see next.]
Constru(w)e, v. to construe, interpret, XIII b 18, 34; pres. subj. pl. in ȝif ȝe c. wel þis clause, if you see the point of what I say, XIV c 11. [L. construere.]
Conteyne, v. to contain, IX 337, XIII a 20. [OFr. contenir, conteign-, stem of subj.]
Contemplacio(u)n, Contemplacyone, n. contemplation (of God), IV b 51, XI b 11, 308. [OFr. contemplacion.]
Contemplatyf, -if, adj. contemplative, devoted to prayer and contemplation of God, VIII a 245, XI b 1, 8, &c. [OFr. contemplatif.]
Continue, v. to persevere, VIII b 40, 110. [OFr. continuer.]
Contynuell, adj. continual, IX 32. [OFr. continuel.]
Contray (XIII), Contré, -ee, -ey, (IX), Countré (XVII), Cuntray (II), Cuntré (I), Cuntrey (XI), n. country, land, region, I 253, II 351, IX 4, 9, 26, 134, 138, XI a 35, XIII a 41, b 63, XVII 487 (see Sere), &c., as adj. in contray longage, language of the land, XIII b 13. [OFr. contrée, c(o)untrée.]
Contrarie (to), adj. opposed (to), XI b 54. [OFr. contrarie.]
Contrefetes, n. pl. imitations, IX 117. [OFr. contrefet, pp., made like.] See Counterfete, v.
Cop, n. top, XIII a 45. [OE. copp.]
Cope, n. long cloak, XII a 53; esp. the out-door cloak of an ecclesiastic, VIII a 182. [OE. *cāpe, from Med.L. cāpa.]
Cope, v. to provide with 'copes', VIII a 141. [From prec.]
Copuls, 3 sg. pres. links, IV a 12; Coppled, pp. linked (in rime), Introduction xv; see Kowe. [OFr. copler.] See Couple, n.
Corage, n. heart, XII a 11; gallantry, XIV c 108. [OFr. corage.]
Corde, n. cord, XII b 53, 60, &c. [OFr. corde.]
Corde(n), v.; corden into on, agree together, XV i 6. [Shortened from Acorde, q.v.]
Cormerant, n. cormorant, II 310. [OFr. cormoran.]
Coround(e), pa. t. crowned, VI 55; pp. II 593, VI 120. [OFr. corouner.] See Crouned(e).
Corouneȝ, n. pl. crowns, VI 91. [OFr. coroune.] See Croun(e).
Corsed(est). See Curse.
Corseynt, n. shrine of a saint, I 239. [OFr. cors saint, holy body.]
Cortays(e), Curteys (II), adj. gracious, II 28, VI 73; as sb., gracious lady, V 343. [OFr. corteis, curteis.] See Kort.
Cortaysye, Cortaysé, Courtaysye, n. courtesy, grace, VI 72, 84, 96, 109, 121 (of cortaysye prob. only equivalent to cortayse, adj.); of courtaysye, by cortaysye, &c. by especial favour, VI 97, 108, 120. [OFr. corteisie, curteisie.]
Cortaysly, Curteisly, -lich, adv. courteously, VI 21, VIII a 34, 157. See Cortays.
Cosseȝ, Cosses, n. pl. kisses, V 283, 292. [OE. coss.] See Kysse.
Cost, n.1 border, IX 192; Costes, pl. coasts, regions, VII 83, 146. [OFr. coste]
Cost, n.2 expenditure, cost, XI b 169; ? means (to meet expense), XI b 141. [OFr. cost.]
Costen (in), v. to expend (on), XI b 234. [OFr. coster.]
Costes, n. pl. manners, disposition, V 292. [OE. (Nth.) cost from ON. kost-r.]
Costy, adj. costly, XI b 228, 234. [From Cost, n.2]
Cote, n.1 cot, mean dwelling, II 489, VIII b 2. [OE. cot.]
Cote, n.2 coat; here a tunic (cf. 'waistcoat') worn beneath the outer gown, XVII 262. [OFr. cote.]
Coth, n. pestilence, XVII 417. [OE. coþu.]
Cou, Cow, n. cow, III 49, 52, 54, VIII a 282; pl. Ken, III 56; Kyȝn, IX 256; Kyn(e), VIII a 134, b 18. [OE. cū; pl. cȳ (Kt. *cē).]
Couaytyng, Coueytynge, n. coveting, IX 90; object of coveting (cf. louyng, &c.), IV a 23. [From OFr. coveit(i)er.]
Couaytise (III), Coueitise (XI), Couetyse (V), Coueteis (XVII), n. covetousness, avarice, III 22, V 306, 312, XI b 55, 256, XVII 52. [OFr. coveitise.]
Couche, n. bed, XII a 89. [OFr. couche.]
Coude. See Can, v.
Coueyne, n. band (of conspirators), I 41. [OFr. cov(a)ine.]
Coueitous, adj. covetous, XI b 196. [OFr. coveitous.]
Couenable, adj. suitable, XIII a 20. [OFr. covenable.]
Covenant, Couenaunde, -aunt, n. covenant, agreement, V 260, 272, VI 202, 203, VIII a 153, XII b 41, 96, 199; pl. terms of the agreement, V 174; in c. þat, on condition that, VIII a 28. [OFr. covenant.]
Coueryng, n. covering, I 177, 184. [From OFr. co(u)vrir.]
Coumforde; Counsail(le), &c. See Confort; Consaile (-seille).
Counted, pa. t. reckoned on (or heeded), VII 115; counted nouȝt a bene beo, gave not a bean for, XIV c 43. [OFr. cunter.]
Counterfete, v. to imitate (fraudulently), IX 114; to resemble, VI 196 (bad connotation often absent in this use, but possibly here present—'make them unjustly resemble us'). [Formed from ME. counterfete, imitated, OFr. contrefet.] See Contrefetes.
Countes, n. countess, VI 129. [OFr. cuntesse.]
Countré. See Contray.
Countre note, n. counterpoint, a melody added as an accompaniment to another, XI b 137 (note). [OFr. countre + note.]
Couple, n. match, pair, II 458 (note); Copple, couplet (in verse), Introduction xxxiii. [OFr. couple.]
Cours(e), n. course, VII 102, XIII a 61, &c.; cours ... about, circuit, X 157; flow, VII 123; force, rushing, VII 115; by course, in due order, VII 73. [OFr. cours.]
Court(aysye). See Cortaysye, Kort.
Courtpies, n. pl. short jackets, VIII a 182. [Current in 14th and 15th centuries; cf. MDu. korte pie, short coat of coarse woollen stuff.]
Couþe, Couthe. See Can, v.
Couwee, adj. tailed, in (ryme) couwee, rime in pairs followed by a shorter line, or 'tail', tailrime, Introduction xv. [OFr. rime couée.] See Kowe.
Cowardise, Coward(d)yse, n. cowardice, V 205, 306, 311. [OFr. couardise.] See Kowarde.
Cowth, Cowþe(ȝ). See Can, v.
Crache, v. to scratch, II 80. [Obscure; cf. MDu., MLG. kratsen.]
Cradel, n. cradle, XIII b 22, XV f 4. [OE. cradol.]
Craft(e), n. craft; industry, VIII b 20; knowledge, in to ken all the cr., to know the whole story, VII 25. [OE. cræft.]
Crafty, adj. skilled in a craft, VIII a 70. [OE. cræftig.]
Cragge, n. crag, V 115, 153. [Obscure.]
Crak, v. to crack, XIV a 10; Crakked, pp. XIV a 11. [OE. cracian, to crack (sound).]
Craue, Crafe (XVII), v. to demand, VIII a 86; to plead for, XVII 174; craue aftir, ask for, XVI 242. [OE. crafian, demand.]
Creatoure, Creatur, n. creature, XV i 4, XVII 78. [OFr. creature.]
Crede, n. the Creed, VI 125; sall ken ȝow ȝowre crede = will teach you what you ought to know, a lesson, XIV b 4. [OE. crēda, from L. crēdo, I believe (cf. VIII a 83).]
Credence, n. credence, IX 303. [OFr. credence.]
Creem, n. cream,VIII a 277. [OFr. cresme.]
Cren, n. crane (machine), X 16, 28. [OE. cran (bird); the above are the earliest recorded instances of the transferred sense.]
Crepe, v. to creep, XII b 173. [OE. crēopan.]
Creuisse, n. fissure, V 115. [OFr. crevasse.]
Cri(e), Cry, n. lamentation, II 114, 220; held in o cri, lamented in the same strain, II 95; shouting, clamour, II 285, XV h 4; a cry, appeal, II 511 (see Sette). [OFr. cri.]
Crie(n), Crye(n), Cry, v. to cry out (shout, call, lament), proclaim, XI b 48, XII a 76, 140, XVI 186, 363, XVII 384, &c.; pres. subj. XVI 141; Crid(e), pa. t. II 78, XII b 31, 69; Cryit, X 86; Criand, -ende, pres. p. XVI 73, XII b 16. Cryen after, shout for, XV h 5; crie on, appeal to, XVI 107; cry me mercy, cry to me for mercy, XVII 384 (the earliest recorded sense in E.). [OFr. crier.]
Criere, n. crier, herald, XI b 48. [OFr. crier.]
Criing, Criyng(e), n. (loud) shouting, XI b 133, 249; at o criing, with one voice, II 581 (cf. at one cri, Havelok 2773); lamentation, II 195. [From Crie(n).]
Cristal(l), n. crystal, II 358, IX 32, 103, &c. [OFr. cristal.]
Crystemesse, n. Christmas, I 29. [OE. crī̆stmesse.]
Cristen(e), Crystene, Crystyn (I), Krysten (VI), adj. Christian, I introd., 82, VI 101, IX 211, XI a 37, &c.; as sb. pl. VIII a 89. [OE. crī̆sten.]
Cristendom, -dam, n. Christian lands, IX 214, XIV c 19. [OE. crī̆sten-dōm, Christianity.]
Croft, n. small field, VIII a 33, 285, b 17. [OE. croft.]
Croppeth, 3 pl. pres. nibble, VIII a 33. [ON. kroppa.]
Crouders, n. pl. fiddlers, II 522. [From ME. croud, crouþ (Welsh crwth), fiddle.]
Croun(e), Crowne, n. crown, II 235, 415, VI 67, &c.; crown of the head, XIV a 10, 11. [OFr. coroune; cf. ON. krúna. In the sense 'crown of head' only the cr- forms appear.] See Corouneȝ.
Crouned(e), pp. tonsured, admitted to holy orders, VIII b 58, 62, 67. [OFr. corouner.] See prec. (which also in ME. had sense 'tonsure'), and Corounde, Vncrouned.
Crowe, n. a crow, XII a 75. [OE. crāwe.]
Crowe, v. to crow, XV g 33 (with pleonastic reflex. pron.); to announce by crowing, XII a 77. [OE. crāwan.]
Cruddes, n. pl. curds, VIII a 277. [Obscure.]
Cruell, adj. cruel, IX 237. [OFr. cruel.]
Cubite, (Cubettis, pl.), n. cubit (Biblical length measure = ell), XVII 124, 136, 258, 261, 443. [OE. cubit, L. cubitus.]
Cultur, n. coulter, iron blade fixed in front of the share in a plough, VIII a 98. [OE. (from L.) culter.]
Cum, Cumen. See Com.
Cumbrit, pp. hampered, VII 183. [OFr. (en)combrer.]
Cunesmen, n. pl. kinsfolk, XV g 6. [OE. cynnes, gen. + mann.]
Cunne(s). See Can, Kyn.
Cuntek, n. contest; yn cuntek, vying with one another, I 31. [OFr. (only AFr.) contek, of unknown origin.]
Cuntenaunce, n. bearing, II 293. [OFr. cuntenance.]
Cuntray, -é, -ey. See Contray.
Cuppes, n. cups, IX 256. [OE. cuppe.]
Curse, v. to curse, I 98, 130, &c.; Corsed, Cursed, pp. and adj. V 128, 306, IX 85, &c.; cursed shrewe, VII 183, VIII a 153. [OE. (late) cū̆rsian, from OIr. cúrsagim.]
Cursyng, n. cursing, I 128, 154, 261. [OE. (late) cū̆rsung.]
Curteis, -eys. See Cortays.
Custome, n. custom, IX 292, XI b 204, 206. [OFr. custume.]
