Читать книгу A Middle English Vocabulary, Designed for use with Sisam's Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose - J. R. R. Tolkien - Страница 8
ОглавлениеBabelynge, n. babbling, XI b 84. [Echoic; cf. Blabre.]
Bad(de). See Bidde.
Bagge, n. wallet (for food), VIII b 54. [ON. baggi.]
Bayarde, n. bay horse (as typical horse name); þat was bake for B. = coarse horse-bread, VIII a 187. [OFr. baiard.] See Bred.
Bayle, Bayll. See Bale.
Bayly, n. dominion, VI 82. [OFr. baillie.]
Bailyues, n. pl. bailiffs, managers of estates, XI b 288. [OFr. baillif.]
Baill, n.1 wall (of the outer court in a feudal castle), XVI 195; Bale, prison, custody, XVI 161 (but this may belong to Bale, q.v.). [OFr. bail.]
Baill, n.2 bundle, X 27. [OFr. bale.]
Bayn, adj. obedient, V 90, XVII 308. [ON. bein-n, direct.]
Bair. See Bare.
Bak, Bac (II), Backe, n. back, II 344, VII 126, XVII 264, &c.; bak and bone, all over the body, XVII 407. [OE. bæc.]
Bake(n), pp. baked, VIII a 187, 288, 305; Ybake(n), VIII a 175, 278. [OE. bacan.]
Bakoun, Bacoun, n. bacon, VIII a 279, 304. [OFr. bacun.]
Balde. See Bold.
Bale; Bayle, Bayll (XVII); n. torment, misery, sorrow, IV a 77, V 351, VI 13, XIV a 28, XVI 275, XVII 26, 311, 552, &c.; at XVI 161 'torment' is possible, but see Bail, n.1 [OE. balu.]
Balȝ, adj. rounded, or ? with level surface, V 104 (cf. Sir Gaw. 2032, and Prompt. Parv. balwe, planus).
Balkes, n. pl. (unploughed) ridges in a field, VIII a 101. [OE. balc(a).]
Ban, v. to curse, XIV b 94, XVII 94; Banned (MS.) I 188, ? read Bende (q.v.). [OE. bannan, proclaim; ON. banna, forbid, curse.]
Bandis. See Bond.
Bane. See Bon.
Baner, n. banner, II 294, XIV a 8. [OFr. banere.]
Bank(k)es. See Bonk(e).
Baptiste, pa. t. baptized, XVI 75. [OFr. baptiser.]
Barbe, n. cutting edge, V 242. [OFr. barbe, beard, barb (of arrow, spear, &c.).]
Bard, pp. penned, XVII 328. [OFr. barrer.] See Barres, Vnbarred.
Bare, Bair (X), adj. bare, naked, V 9, 188, VII 164, X 190, &c.; on bonkes bare, XIV b 20; despoiled, XIV a 20; bald (in style), VII 74; mere, V 284, X 113. [OE. bær.]
Bar(e), Bare(n). See Bore, n.; Bere, v.
Barely, adv. openly, XIV b 94; summarily, VII 68. [OE. bærlīce.]
Baret, n. strife, V 47 (see Bend). [OFr. barat.]
Barfot, adj. barefoot, II 232. [OE. bær-fōt.]
Barga(y)n, n. bargain, VIII b 100, XVII 94. [OFr. bargaine.]
Barge, n. a smaller sea-going ship belonging to a larger vessel, XIV c 53, 65; ship, VII 90. [OFr. barge.]
Barly, n. (as adj.) barley, VIII a 129. [OE. bærlic.]
Barm, n. lap, XV g 13. [OE. bearm.]
Barm-fellys, n. pl. leather aprons, XV h 11. [OE. bearm + fell; cf. bearm-clāþ, &c.]
Barne, n. child, VI 66, XVII 308, 419; barnes bastardes, bastards, VIII b 75. [OE. bearn.]
Barouns, n. pl. barons, II 201, 503, 550. [OFr. barun.]
Barras, n. defensive outwork, X 164. [OFr. barras.]
Barres, n. pl. bars, XVI 190. [OFr. barre.]
Barste. See Brest(e).
Bastardes, n. pl. bastards; as adj., VIII b 75. [OFr. bastard.]
Baston, n. stave, stanza, Introduction xv. [OFr. baston.]
Batail(e), Bataill, Batayl, Batel(l), n. embattled host, XIV b 52; battle, VII 56, 91, *XI b 154, XIV b 31, XVI 131, &c. [OFr. bataille.]
Bataild, adj. embattled, with battlements, II 360. [Modelled on OFr. bataillé.]
Bath. See Boþe.
Batis, n. pl. boats X 123. [OE. bāt.]
Baþe, v. to bathe (trans. and intr.), II 585, XIII a 25. [OE. baþian.]
Baundoun, n. control; in hire baundoun, at her disposal, XV c 8. [OFr. bandun.]
Be, conj. by the time (that), X 157. Cf. bi þat. See next.
Be, Beo (XIV c 44), prep. by (way of), IX 179, 192, 198; through, IX 112, 136, 137; (of time) by, at, in, VI 163, IX 204, 339, XII a 117, 131, XV i 15, 20; by (means of), through, III 22, VII 23, IX 67, 130, XII a 23, b 199, XVI 355, &c.; by (of agent), III 30, IX 112 (first), 298, 305, XII b 217, &c.; by (in oaths, &c.), XII b 45, 164. Counted ... beo, set value on, XIV c 44; for idiomatic expressions see the nouns. [OE. be.] See Bi.
Be-. See also Bi-, By-.
Becam, Becomen. See Bicome.
Beclipte, pa. t. embraced, XII a 178; Byclypped, pp. encircled, XIII a 21. [OE. beclyppan.]
Bede, v. to bid, offer, V 254, XIV a 9; Bede, pa. t. sg. (bade), V 22; offered, 180, 284. [OE. bēodan, early confused with biddan.] See Bidde, Forbede.
Bed(e). See Bidde.
Bedd(e), Bede (IV), n. bed, II 93, 242, XII a 99, &c.; dat. sg. in to bedde, to bed, VIII a 93, XII b 105; þe bede of blysse, ? the joyful bridal bed (of Christ and the soul), IV a 11. [OE. bedd.] See Abedde.
Bedes, n. pl. prayers, I 16. [OE. ge-bed.]
Bedeyn. See Bidene.
Bedele, n. herald, one who delivers the message of an authority, XI b 48. [OE. bydel; OFr. bedel.]
Bedreden, n. pl. the bedridden, VIII a 185, b 21. [OE. beddreda.]
Bee, Bees. See Ben.
Beest. See Best(e), n.
Befalle, v. to happen, chance, IX 129, &c.; to befall, XVII 514; pa. t. sg. Befell(e), VII 67, 155; Bevil, Bifel, it chanced, II 57, III 41; Befalle(n), pp. II 21, IX 194. [OE. be-fallan.] See Falle(n).
Begge, to beg, VIII a 186, 233, b 29, &c. [? OE. bedecian; see N.E.D.]
Begger(e), n. beggar, II 483, 499, VIII a 188, 197, &c. [See N.E.D.]
Begyn(ne), Bigin(ne), Bygyn(ne), &c., v. to begin, act, do, come about, I 69, IV b 57, VI 187, VIII a 160, XIV b 25, c 83, XVI 268, 280, XVII 267, &c.; begyn of, b. with, XVII 253; Be-, Bi-, Bygan, pa. t. sg. began, I 154, &c.; did, XV a 7; came to pass, II 598; made (it) in the beginning, XVII 29; Bygan, pa. t. pl. I 72; Bygonne, VI 189; Begouth, X 94; Begonne, pp. IX 171; Be-, Bygynnyng(e), n. IV b 58, IX 334, XIII b 9. [OE. beginnan; begouth is due to confusion of gan with can (couþe); See Gan; Can, auxil.]
Begynnar, Bygynner, n. beginner, causer, VI 76, XVII 406. [From prec.]
Begon, pp. adorned, XII a 54. [OE. be-gān.]
Begonne, Begouth. See Begynne.
Beȝonde, adv. beyond, further on, IX 263, 280. [OE. be-geóndan.]
Beȝonde, Beȝounde (I), Biȝonde (V), prep. across, beyond, I 252, V 132, IX 8, 76, 135, &c.; see See. [As prec.]
Behald(e). See Bihold.
Behalue, n. behalf; on Goddes b., in God's name, I 78. [Originally be prep. and halfe dat. sg.; cf. Half.]
Beheste, n. promise, XII b 196. [OE. (late) be-hǣs.] See Heste.
Behete. See Bihote.
Behevin, pp. hewn down, X 163. [OE. be-hēawan.]
Behielde, -helde. See Bihold.
Behihtest. See Bihote.
Behynd, prep. behind, X 85; as sb., XVII 331. [OE. be-híndan.]
Behufit. See Bihoue.
Beie. See Bigge, v.
Beyn, Beyng. See Be(n).
Beytter, n. healer, XVII 311. [From Bete, v.2]
Belamy, Bellamy, n. good friend (ironically), XVI 213, 338. [OFr. bel ami.]
Beleeve, n. belief, IX 289. [OE. ge-lēafa, with change of prefix.]
Beleue, Bileue, v. to believe, I 89, VIII a 82, IX 120, XV g 9. [OE. ge-lēfan, (late) be-lēfan.] See Leue, v.3; Ylefde.
Belyue, adv. quickly, at once, straightway, VII 161, XVI 211; Belife, XVII 192; Bilyue, V 3; Blyue, IX 18; Bliue, in also bliue, II 142, als bliue, II 531, 584, as quickly as possible, immediately. [OE. *be līfe.]
Bellewys, n. pl. bellows, XV h 6. [OE. belgas, pl.]
Ben, v. to be, II 207, VIII a 96, &c.; Be(e), I 4, XVI 7, &c.; Buen, XV c 18; future, 2 sg. Best, II 173; 3 sg. Bees, IV a 35, XVII 373, Betȝ, VI 251; pl. Be, V 43, XVI 331; pres. pl. Be(n), are, II 3, 4, 12, &c.; Beo, XIV c 5; Beoþ, XIV c 103; Beth, Beþ, II 59, 110, 273, 582, VIII a 199, XV f 5; Buþ, XIII a 1, 6, 10, 13, &c.; Be(e), Beo, pres. subj., II 165, 433, XIV c 98, d 3, &c.; Ben, XI b 73, 218, &c.; Be(o), imper. 2 sg. XV g 10, f 7, &c.; 3 sg. IV a 55; pl. VIII a 118, XIV d 11 (first); Be, pp. I 195, VIII b 74, XI a 44, XII a 20, XVII 192, &c.; Ben, II 103, V 196, &c.; Bene, V 275, XVI 40; Beyn, XVII 445, 532; Ybe, XIII a 16; Beyng, pres. p. in in hytself beyng, inherent, VI 86. Ben (drepit, &c.), have been (smitten, &c.), VII 9, 11; be(e) war, see War(e); lete ben, &c., cease from, II 114, XVI 234. [OE. bēon.] See Ar(e), Es, Was, &c.
Bend, v. X 90, 98, XVII 253; Bende, pa. t. XII a 58, *I 188 (MS. banned); Bende, pp. V 47, 156; Bendit, X 80. The divergent senses are all derived from the original one of stringing, bending, a bow: ? to bind, *I 188 (note); to set ready for discharging, X 80, 90, 98; to make curve, bend, V 156, XII a 58, XVII 253; ? to make bow, bring low, beat down, in hatȝ ... on bent much baret bende, ? has upon the field overcome much strife (many opponents), V 47. [OE. bendan.]
Bene, adv. pleasantly, V 334. [Not known.]
Bene, n. bean, VIII a 175, 188, 209, 278, 288, 298, IX 54; as something of no value (cf. pees), XIV c 43. [OE. bēan.]
Benedicite (L. imper. pl.) bless (me, us); as exclamation of amazement, XVII 163.
Benethe(n), Beneyth (XVII), adv. underneath, IX 56, XVII 137; in the lower part, IX 247. [OE. beneoþan.]
Benome. See Binam.
Bent, n. grass-slope, field, V 165; esp. in the allit. tag on bent, on the field (of battle), or (as variant of vpon grounde, &c.) on earth, V 47, 80, VII 91; on þis bent, here, V 270. [Perhaps a special use of bent, bent-grass, OE. beonet.]
Beo, Beoþ. See Ben; Beo, prep.
Berd(e), n. beard, II 265, 507, 585, V 160. [OE. béard.]
Ber(e), v. to bear, carry, wear, lift, take; to hold, possess, keep; to give birth to, produce; V 83, VIII a 136, IX 69, 109, XII a 197, XIII a 51, XVII 318, &c.; 2 sg. subj. VI 106; Berth, 3 sg. pres. ind. XII a 81; Bar(e), pa. t. sg. I 146, VIII a 93, XIV c 23, 59, XV i 3; Ber, V 193, VI 66; Baren, pl. IX 148; Bere, II 307; Bore, pp. I 85, II 210; Born(e), II 41, V 252, 326, XIV b 12, &c.; Ybore, II 546; Yborn, II 174. Bar þe flour, see Flour; b. þe felaȝschip, keep thee company, V 83; the depnes ... we bere, the depth (of water) we draw, XVII 434, 460; born open, laid open, V 2 (cf. OE. beran ūp). [OE. beran.] See Forbere.
Bere, n.1 clamour, outcry, I 75, II 78, XVI 214. [OE. ge-bǣre.]
Bere, n.2 byre, cattle-stall, XV f 4. [OE. bȳre.]
Bere-bag, n. bag-carrier, a contemptuous nickname for Scots, XIV a 20 (note). [Stem of Bere v. + ON. baggi.] See Bagge.
Berȝ(e), n. mound, V 104, 110. [OE. be(o)rg.]
Berȝe, v. to protect, III introd. [OE. be(o)rgan.]
Berien, n. pl. berries, II 258 (note). [OE. beri(g)e.]
Beringe, n. birth, III introd. [From Bere, v.]
Berking, pres. p. barking, II 286. [OE. be(o)rcan.]
Bernakes, n. pl. barnacle-geese IX 147 (note). [Anglo-L. bernaca, OFr. bernaque.]
Bernes, n. pl. barns, VIII a 177. [OE. ber(e)n.]
Berth. See Bere, v.
Beselé, adv. earnestly, XVII 240. [OE. bisig + -līce.] See Bysy.
Besy(nes). See Bysy(nes).
Besyde. See Bisyde.
Beso(u)ghte. See Biseche.
Best(e), adj. superl. best, IV a 84, VIII a 197, IX 42, &c.; as sb., best (food), VIII a 295; do þi (doþ ȝour) best, see Don; wyth þe beste, among the best (people), with the saints, IV a 4; adv. best, most readily, most, VIII a 81, 107, XVII 472, &c.; þe best, VIII a 22. [OE. betst.]
Best, v. See Ben.
Best(e), n. animal, creature, II 214, 280, VIII a 134, IX 88, XII a 78, &c.; Beest, XVII 3, 135, &c. [OFr. beste.]
Beswyke, Byswyke, v. to cheat, IV a 13, VI 208. [OE. be-swīcan.]
Bet, adv. compar.; predic. in he was þe bet, he was better off on that account, VIII b 100. [OE. bet.] See Best(e), Betre.
Bete, v.1 to beat, I 6, VIII a 73, XVII 407; betes the stretes, frequents the streets, XIV a 25; Bette, pa. t. sg. VIII a 171; Byete, pa. t. subj. sg. III 40 (OE. bēote); Bet, pp. XVII 413; Betin, Betyn, XIV a 8, XVII 381. [OE. bēatan.] See Forbette.
Bete, v.2 to assuage, remedy, IV a 77, VIII a 233, XIV a 28, 29. [OE. bētan.] See Beytter.
Betȝ, Betidde. See Ben, Bitide.
Betraied, pp. betrayed, XVI 331. [be- + OFr. traïr.]
Bet(e)re, Better(e), Bettre, adj. compar. better, II 40, XI b 37, XIII a 60, XV c 33, &c.; him were betre, it would be b. for him, XII b 101; þat war better, for whom it would be b., XIV a 32; adv. better, XI b 275, XIV d 14, &c.; rather, XI b 288; þe better, all the better (for it), V 28, XVII 353; as conj., so that ... (the) better, VIII a 46, XVII 175. [OE. betera, bet(t)ra, adj.]
Bette. See Bete, v.1
Betweche, v. ? to commit (to protection of God), XV i 18. Only in this passage; perhaps an error for becwethe (bequeath, commit), or beteche (see Bitaiste).
Betwen(e), Bytuene (XV), Bytwene prep. between, among, IX 162, 166, XII a 68, b 89, XV c 1, &c.; (follows case), V 174, VII 91. [OE. betwēon(an).]
Betwix, Bitwixe, prep. between, XI a 32, XVII 185. [OE. be-twix.]
Beþ, Beth. See Ben.
Bevil. See Befalle.
Beuore. See Bifor.
Beweile, v. refl. to lament, XII a 32. [be- + ON. *veila; cf. veilan, lamentation.]
Bewycche, v. to bewitch, IX 86. [OE. be + wiccian.]
Bewounde, pp.; it hath b., wound (itself) about it, XII b 72. [OE. be-wíndan.]
Bewty, n. beauty, XVII 20. [OFr. beauté.]
By, adv. at the side, by; alongside (without coming on board), XVII 373; þat ... by, by which, IX 300. [OE. bī.] See Þer(e).
Bi, By, prep. (i) On, at, by, II 156, 470, VIII a 167, XV g 16, XVII 75, &c.; bi ... side, beside, II 66, V 76; by (way of), over, through, I 62, V 10, 16, 52, 93, X 11, XVII 477; along (with), beside, II 280, 308, V 9, VIII a 4, &c.; (following its case) II 301, V 21, XVII 18; against, touching, V 242; past, II 252, 290, V 36, 39. (ii) In, on, for (of time), II 8, 15, VIII a 95, 274, XV a 24, &c.; see Dai, While. (iii) Measured by, compared with, according to, &c., V 28, 158, 296, 297, VIII a 35, 58, 159, 248, b 57, XI b 5, &c. (iv) By (means of), through, &c., II 408, VII 6, &c.; by virtue of, XI b 20; lyue by, &c., live on, II 257, VIII a 284, b 26; by (of agent), XI a 59, &c. (v) By (in oaths, &c.), II 316, V 54, &c. Bi al þing, by every token, II 321, 375; by so, provided that, VIII b 40; bi þan, thereby, or thereupon (cf. after þan), II 553; bi þat, thereupon, V 84; by that time, VIII a 285; as conj., by the time that, VIII a 294. [OE. bī̆.] See Be.
By. See Bigge.
Bi-, By-. See Be-.
Bible, n. bible, VIII a 227, XI b 230, &c. [OFr. bible.]
Bycause (of), prep. because (of), XIII b 16; bycause, because þat, (conj.) because, XIII b 61, 62, IX 114, 226. [Be, Bi + Cause, q.v.]
Biche, n. bitch, XIV b 78. [OE. bicce.]
Byclypped. See Beclipte.
Bicome, Become, v. to arrive; become; befit; hyt bycomeþ for, it befits, VIII b 65; Becam, pa. t. sg. XII b 13; Becomen, pl. IX 148; Bicome, II 288; Bicome, pp. II 194; wher sche was bicome, whider þai bicome, wher he becam, what had become (became) of her (them, him), II 194, 288, XII b 13. [OE. be-cuman.]
Bidde, Bydde, Bid, v. to pray, beg, VIII a 233; to bid, I 265, VI 160, VIII a 210, XI b 79, XII a 48, XIV d 3, XVI 118, XVII 418, &c.; Bad(de), pa. t. sg. bade, XII a 46, XV i 16, XVI 201, XVII 309, &c.; bad to, bade, XII b 87; Bed, prayed to, III 46 (OKt. bed); Bad, pl. II 88, 137; Bede, pp. XII a 42 (prayed), 101 (commanded). [OE. biddan; the confusion with bēodan began in OE.] See Bede.
Bidderes, n. pl. beggars, mendicants, VIII a 197. [OE. biddere.]
Byd(d)yng, Bidding, n. bidding, commands, I 86, XVI 257, XVII 76, 121, 375. [From Bidde.]
Bide, Byde, v. to abide (intr. remain, trans. await, face, endure), V 224, VI 39, XIV c 21, 47, XVI 23, 207, &c. [OE. bīdan.] See Abide.
Bidene, Bydene, Bedeyn (XVII), adv. forthwith, withal (often meaningless), VII 79, 127, XIV b 74, XVII 442; al bidene, XIV b 11. [See N.E.D.]
Bye, Byete. See Bigge, Bete, v.1
Bifel. See Befalle.
Bifor(e), Byforn, Befor(e), Beuore, &c., adv. before (hand), II 147, VII 121, &c.; eir befor, X 140; as sb., XVII 331; prep. before, in presence of, &c., II 42, III 58, V 4, IX 126, &c.; (of time) VI 238, XI b 48, &c.; bifore þat, before (conj.), XI b 195; Byfore, conj. (with subj.), before, VI 170. [OE. be-foran.]
Big, Bigge, v. to take up one's abode; to big his boure, to establish his dwelling, XIV b 26; bigges him, settles himself, XIV b 24. [ON. byggja.] See Biging.
Bigan, Began, &c. See Begynne.
Bigge, Bygge, adj. strong, lusty, big, IV a 51, V 33, VI 14, VII 139, VIII a 207. [See N.E.D.]
Bigge, v. to buy, purchase, pay for, redeem, VIII a 275; Beie, XII b 24; By(e), IV a 65, IX 113; Byye, VI 118; Bugge, XV g 3; pa. t. Boght, IV a 38; Bouȝte, VIII a 201; Bouhte, VIII b 100; Boght, pp. IV a 80, XII b 153, XVII 373; Bought(e), XVI 8, 275; Iboust, XV g 26 (see App. p. 278); it bees boght full dere, you will pay for it dearly, XVII 373. [OE. bycgan, (Kt.) becgan.] See Abugge.
Byggynge, n. buying, IX 90. [From prec.] See Bying.
Bigile, Bygyle, v. to deceive, V 345, 348, 359, XIV b 44. [OE. be- + OFr. guiler.] See Gile.
Biging, n. dwelling, XIV a 20. [From Big, v.]
Bygonne, &c. See Begynne.
Bigruccheth, 3 sg. pres. grumbles at, VIII a 69. [OE. be- + OFr. groucher.] See Grucche.
Byȝe, n. ring, VI 106. [OE. bēg.]
Bihold, Behald(e), v. to behold, look, II 387, 502, IV a 81, XVII 509, 534, &c.; bihold on, behold to, look at, II 367, XVII 343; Beholdes, imper. pl., XVI 195; Behelde, pa. t. sg. VII 64; Biheld, II 101, 320, 323, 530; Behielde, pl. XII a 164; Bihold, -holde(n), pp. II 409, 417, XII b 116. [OE. be-háldan.] See Holde(n).
Bihote, Byhote, v. to promise, vow, VIII a 227; byhote God, I vow to God, VIII a 273; Behihtest, 2 sg. pa. t. XII b 43; Behete, pp. XVII 430; Bihot, XV a 20. [OE. be-hātan.] See Hote.
Bihoue, v. to need; impers. in me bihoues, I must, it is time for me to, V 228; pers. in Bus, 2 sg. pres.; þou bus be, you ought to be, XVI 338; Behufit, pa. t. had need (to), X 156. [OE. be-hōfian; with the reduced form bus cf. has, hast, &c.]
Byye. See Bigge.
Bying, n. redemption, XVI 12. [From By, to buy. See Bigge, v.; Byggynge.]
Biis, n. fine linen, II 242. [OFr. bysse.]
Biknowe, Byknowe, v. to confess, V 317 (I b. yow, I confess to you), VIII b 96; Beknowen, pp. in þou art b. of, you have confessed, V 323. [OE. be-cnāwan, only recorded in sense 'know'.]
Bile, Bill (XVII), n. beak, XII a 182, XVII 508. [OE. bile.]
Byled, pa. t. boiled, bubbled, V 14; Boyled, pp. V 106. [OFr. boillir; for similar development of vowel in V, see Nye, Disstryeȝ.]
Bylyue, n. food, VIII b 21, 29. [OE. bī-leofa.]
Bylongeth, v. impers. it belongs to, befits, VIII b 70. [Be- + Longe, v.2]
Bilow, v. to humble, VIII a 223. [Formed on Lowe adj.]
Bilt, n. dwelling, *II 483 (MS. ybilt, but required sense 'lodged' is unexampled). [Obscurely rel. to ME. bilden, build; see N.E.D.]
Binam, pa. t. sg. in b. [hym] his mnam, deprived him of his talent, VIII a 237; Benome, pp. in b. þe poure ane peny, deprived the poor of a penny, III 13. [OE. be-niman.] See Nyme.
Bynde, v. to bind, unite, IV a 54, XVI 97; Bond, pa. t. sg. XII b 120 (but sb. = trosse is possible; see Bonde, n.); Ybounde, pp. II 394. [OE. bíndan.] See Vnbynde.
Biqueste, n. (bequest), will, VIII a 79. [OE. *be-cwiss, related to be-cweþan, bequeath; cf. Heste.]
Bir, Byr, Bur (V), n. a following wind, VII 126; speed (in with a byr, speedily) XVII 371; violence, V 254; strength, V 193. [ON. byr-r.]
Byrd. See Brid(d).
Bireue, v. to deprive; I wil it hym b., I will deprive him of it, VIII a 242. [OE. be-rēafian, be-rēfan.]
Byrye, v. to bury, I 137, 140, 142, 144. [OE. byrigan.]
Byrne, Burne, v. trans. and intr. to burn, X 21 (rime with in requires Bryn, q.v.), X 181, &c.; Byrnand, pres. p. IV a 26, X 27, 30. [OE. birnan, byrnan, &c., intr.] See Bren, Brin.
Byrthen, n. burden, IV a 49. [OE. byrþen.]
Biseche, Bysech, Beseche, v. to implore, II 113, 453, VI 30, IX 269, 328, XII a 38; Besoghte, pa. t. XII a 26; Besoughte, IX 294. [OE. be + sēcan.] See Seche.
Bisemeȝ, v. impers. it suits, V 123. [Be- + Seme, q.v.]
Bisyde, Besyde, adv. at the side, at one's side, hard by, I 209, V 20, 162, XII b 125. [OE. be sīdan, at the side.]
Biside(n), Be-, Bysyde, prep. beside, XI b 57; (following its case) I 243, II 303, V 197, XIV b 28, &c. See prec.
Bisides, Bisydeȝ, adv. at the side(s), round about, II 401, V 96. [Prec. + adv. -es.]
Bisides, Bysydes, prep. beside, near, XIII a 10; (following pron.) II 281. [As prec.]
Bysy(e), Bysie, Besy (aboute), adj. busy, occupied (with, in), XI b 252, 287, 289, 293, 297. [OE. bisig.]
Bysynes(se), Besynes (IV), n. restlessness, IV b 28; industry, XIII b 24; worldly b. attention to worldly affairs, XI b 2, 309; b. of worldly occupacion, preoccupation with w. affairs, XI b 251. [OE. bisig + -nes.]
Bis(s)chop, Bysshop(p)e, Bissoppe, n. bishop, I 246, III 58 (dat. sg.), VIII a 143, b 74, XI a 66, &c. [OE. biscop.]
Byswykeȝ. See Beswyke.
Biswynke, v. to earn with toil, VIII a 207. [OE. be-swincan.]
Bitaiste (= bitaihte), pa. t. entrusted, XV g 21. [OE. betǣcan, pa. t. betǣ̆hte; on spelling see App. p. 278.]
Byte, v. to bite, XVII 229; apon the bone shal it byte, it shall cut to the bone, XVII 220. [OE. bītan.]
Bitide, Bytyde, &c., v. to happen; to happen to, befall, VI 37; pres. subj. V 127, 315, 341, XIV a 12; Betidde, pp. XVI 100; tide wat bitide, come what may, II 339. [OE. be + tīdan.] See Tide.
Bityme, adv. in all bityme, in good time, XIV b 27. [From bi tyme, in time; cf. OE. tō tīman.] See Tyme.
Bitte, Bytte, n. cutting edge, V 242; blade, V 156. [ON. bit, cutting edge; OE. bite, a cut.]
Bittir, Bytter, adj. bitter, IV b 27; salt (of water), IX 244; grievous, XIV c 68, XVI 207, &c. [OE. bitter.]
Bytuene. See Betwene.
Bytwyste, prep. between (following its noun), VI 104. [A form of ME. be-twixt(e), extended from Betwix, q.v.]
Biwyled, pp. deluded, V 357. [? OE. be + wiglian; cf. biwiȝelien,, Layamon 969.] See Wiles.
Blabre, v. to babble, XI b 248. [Echoic; cf. Babelynge, Blubre.]
Blac, Blak, adj. black, II 265, IX 23, XII a 99; rowe and blac, with shaggy black hair, II 459; Blake, oblique and pl. IX 4, XII a 137, XV c 14. [OE. blæc.]
Blame, n. blame; scolding, XVII 299; v. to blame, V 300, IX 274 (mistranslation; see note), &c.; to blame, in the wrong, XIV b 85. [OFr. bla(s)me; bla(s)mer.]
Blan. See Blynne.
Blasphemye (to), n. blasphemy (against), XI b 110 [OFr. blasfemie.]
Blawene. See Blowe.
Ble, Bleo (XV), n. hue, complexion, in briȝt on ble, fair of face, II 455; radiance, XV b 16. [OE. blēo.]
Blede, v. to bleed, XIV c 13; Bled(de), pa. t. I 119, II 80. [OE. blēdan.]
Blefte. See Bleue.
Blende, pa. t. mingled, in blende in his face, rose to his cheeks, V 303; Blent, pp. in blent ... in blysse, set amidst joy, VI 25. [ME. blenden obscurely related to OE. blándan, or ON. blanda.] See Vnblendyde.
Blended, pp. deluded, V 351. [OE. bléndan.] See Blyndiþ.
Blenk, v. to gleam, V 247. [OE. *blencan, possibly identical with recorded blencan, to cheat; for ME. blenchen, blenken, &c. = to gleam, look at, glance aside, blench, cheat. Compare Glent, Glyfte.]
Blent, Bleo. See Blende, Ble.
Bleþeliche, adv. gladly, III 53. [? Obscure alteration of OE. blīþelīce.]
Bleue, v. to remain; pres. subj. III introd.; Blefte, pa. t. III 18. [OE. belǣfan.] See Leue, v.1
Bleuȝ, Blew. See Blowe.
Blew, n. blue (stuff), XVII 200 (note); cled in Stafford blew, beaten black and blue; cf. clothe here well yn Stafford blewe, Rel. Ant., I, p. 29. [OFr. bleu.] See Blwe.
Blynde, adj. pl. blind, deluded, XI b 79; as sb., the blind, VIII a 115, 185. [OE. blínd.]
Blyndiþ, 3 sg. pres. (blinds), deludes, XI b 7, 107. [OE. bléndan infl. by blínd, adj.] See Blended.
Blyndnesse, n. blindness, XI b 221. [OE. blindnes.]
Blyn(ne) (of), v. to cease (from), IV a 39, V 254, XVI 16, 236, XVII 110 (or I blyn = without stopping); Blan, pa. t. pl. I 73. [OE. blinnan.]
Blis(se), Blys(se), n. happiness, joy, IV a 11, 40, VI 12, XIV b 19, XV b 3, &c.; as haue I blys, so may I have (eternal) joy, XVII 402. [OE. bliss.]
Bliss(e), Blesse, v. to bless, I introd., VI 76, XVI 400, 404, XVII 174, 256, 300, 467; bless with sign of the cross, V 3, XII b 86; Blist, pp. XVII 514. [OE. blē̆tsian, already infl. by blī̆tsian, blissian, to gladden.]
Blisseful, Blysful, adj. joyous, II 412, 438, VI 49; as sb., blissful one, VI 61; *Blissefulest (MS. blifulest), superl. II 527. [OE. bliss + ful.]
Blissing, -yng, n. blessing, XVI 401, XVII 178. [OE. blē̆tsing.] See Blis(se).
Bliþe, Blyþe, Blith (XIV b), adj. happy, glad, V 253, XIV b 49; bliþe of, glad at, II 573; þatow be bliþe of hir, that you may have joy of her, II 471. [OE. blīþe.]
Blyþely, happily, VI 25. [OE. blīþelīce.] See Bleþeliche.
Bliue, Blyue. See Belyue.
Blo, adj. black and blue, XVII 413. [ON. blá-r.]
Blod(e), Bloode, n. blood, I 119, V 246, IX 141, XV g 16, XVI 12, &c.; creature, XII b 220; byndes blode and bane, keeps the body together, IV a 54. [OE. blōd.]
Blodi, Blody, adj. bloody, II 110, IV a 80, 86, &c.; blody bretheren, brothers in blood, fellow men, VIII a 201. [OE. blōdig.]
Blom, n. flower, perfection, VI 218. [ON. blóm, blómi.]
Blosme(n), n. pl. flowers, blossoms, II 61, XV b 2. [OE. blō̆sma.]
Blowe(n), v. to blow, VII 106, XIII a 7, XV h 6, &c.; to brag, XIV c 101; Bleuȝ, pa. t. sg. XIV c 77; Blew, VII 130, (sounded the trumpet) X 43; Blawene, pp. IV b 13. [OE. blāwan.]
Bloweing, n. blowing (of horns), II 285. [OE. blāwung.]
Blubred, pa. t. bubbled, V 106. [Echoic; cf. Blabre.]
Blunder, n. trouble, confusion, XVII 406. [Not known.]
Blwe, adj. blue, VI 63. [OFr. bleu.] See Blew.
Bo, adv. as well, too, II 27. [OE. bā, adj. neut.] See Boþe.
Boc-house, n. dat. sg. library, III introd. [OE. bōc-hūs.] See Bok(e).
Bodeþ, 3 sg. pres. predicts, portends, XIII a 62. [OE. bodian.]
Bodi(e), Body, n. body, I 113, II 105, XVI 23, &c.; gon on bodi and bones, be in the flesh, live, II 54. [OE. bodig.]
Bodyly, Bodely, adj. of (the) body, bodily (opposed to 'spiritual'), VI 118, XI b 147, 158, &c.; bodely almes, (giving of) charitable gifts for the needs of the body, XI b 2, 270, 301, 303. [From prec.]
Boffet, n. buffet, V 275. [OFr. buffet.]
Bogh, Boȝeȝ (pl. V), Bouȝ (II), n. bough, branch, II 61, V 9, XV a 14, XVII 535. [OE. bōg.]
Boght. See Bigge, v.
Boȝe, v. to bend, bow; turn, go, V 110; Boȝen, pa. t. pl. turned, went their way, V 9; Bowand, pres. p. (bowing), obedient, XVII 76 (cf. Buxome, and Lowte). [OE. būgan.]
Boyes, n. pl. fellows, knaves, XVI 97, 145. [Obscure.]
Boyled. See Byled.
Bok(e), Boc, n. book, III introd., VII 14, 65, IX 294, XI b 229, &c.; Bible, VIII a 248, b 39; Bible, or other book (as a book of the Gospels, a psalter, &c.) on which an oath could be taken, XII b 165. [OE. bōc.]
Bold(e), Balde, adj. bold, II 139, IV a 51, 83, &c.; and that be ye bold, and be sure of that, XVII 524; Boldely, adv. XVI 178. [OE. báld.]
Boldyng, n. encouragement, VII 14. [From prec.; cf. OE. báldian, intr.]
Bole, n. bull; in bole-hyde, bull's hide, XV h 11. [ON. boli.]
Bollyng, n. swelling; for b. of her wombe, to prevent the swelling of their bellies, VIII a 209. [ME. bolle-n, bolne-n, ON. bolgna.]
Bolted, pp. bolted, shackled, VIII a 130. [From OE. bolt, n.]
Bon(e), Bane, n. bone, II 54, IV a 54, VIII a 85, IX 141, XVII 220, 253, &c.; see Bak, Blod(e), Bodi, Flesch. [OE. bān.]
Bond. See Bynde.
Bond(e), n. bond; bond to sheues, the straw binding for sheaves, VIII b 14; her bonde, the bondage they imposed, XIV c 47; Bandis, pl. bonds, XVI 190, 196; Our Lady's bonds, pregnancy, XVII 209 (see N.E.D., s.v. Band, Bond). [ON. band.]
Bond(e)men, n. pl. bondmen, serfs, VIII a 46, b 69; Bondemenne, gen. pl. VIII b 74. [OE. bōnda (from ON. bóndi) + mann, influenced in sense by prec. (etymol. unconnected).]
Bone, n. boon, request, I 131. [ON. bón.]
Bonk(e), Bonkke, Bank(k)e, n. bank, XIII a 40; shore, VII 126; hill-side, V 9, 14, 94, 97, 104, 132, 149, XIV b 20. [ON. bakki, older *banke.]
Bood-worde, n. tidings, XVI 366. [Stem of OE. bodian + wórd; cf. ON. boð-orð, command.]
Booste. See Boste.
Bord(e), n. board, XII a 92, XVII 119, 279; table, II 578, VIII a 262. [OE. bórd.]
Bore, Bare (XIV), n. boar, VIII a 31, XIV b 19, 25, 49, 87. [OE. bār.]
Bore; Born(e). See Bere, v.
Borelych, adj. stout, V 80; massive, V 156. [Obscure.]
Borgh, Borugh, n. town, VIII a 301; in borugh, among townsfolk, XIV d 4. [OE. burg, buruh.]
Borne, Burn, n. stream, V 106, XIV a 2; Buerne, flood, sea (an allit. use), VII 159. [OE. búrne.]
Borow, n. surety; I dar be thi b., I'll go bail (for you), XVII 204. [OE. borg.]
Borwed, pa. t. borrowed, II 499, VIII a 93. [OE. borgian.]
Boste, Booste (XVI), n. boasting, XIV a 20; pride, XIV a 8; arrogance, XIV b 85, XVI 214. [Obscure.]
Boste, v. to boast, XIV c 101; Bosting, n. boasting, XIV a 9. [Obscure.]
Bot(e), But, adv. only, but, II 228, IV a 32, V 97, VI 22, VIII a 276, IX 17, X 159, XIII a 38, &c. [OE. būtan.] See next, and Boute.
Bot(e), But, conj. (i) Except, but, VI 136, VIII b 9, IX 198, &c.; ne ... bote, only, III 6, 22, &c. (cf. Bote, adv.); noȝt deop bote to þe kneo, only knee deep, XIII a 39; bote ȝef, except that, XIII b 5. (ii) Unless (with subj.), VI 68, VIII a 1, 39, 112, 143, b 95, X 73, XV c 17, g 21, XVII 44, 386, 550; bot(e) if, &c., unless, VIII a 17, 53, X 78, XVII 247, &c.; bot þat, unless, II 428. (iii) But, however, yet, I 21, II 74, IV a 57, V 61, VI 14, &c.; (misplaced) XII a 79 (note), 105; bot yit (ȝeit), and yet, X 95, XVII 35, 64, 213. [OE. būtan, būte.]
Bot(e), n. cure, redress, salvation, IV a 7, VIII a 187, XIV c 84; bote of, cure for, II 552. [OE. bōt.]
Botel, n. bottle, VIII b 54. [OFr. botel.]
Botened, pp. cured, I 241, VIII a 185. [Formed on Bot(e), n.]
Boþ(e), Both, Bath (IV, X), adj. and pron. both, IV a 56, V 315, VI 13; in hem boþe (after negative), in either of them, XI b 27; vs both, us two, XVII 185; on bath halfis, on both sides, X 198; vpon boþe halue, on either side, V 2, 97; as adv. (originally pron. in apposition), as well, too, V 306, VIII a 119, 162, 252, 274, b 46; boþ(e) ... and, bath ... and, both ... and, I 52, II 86, IV a 66, &c. [ON. báði-r.] See Bo.
Boþem, n. bottom, V 77. [OE. botm, *boþm (still NWM.); cf. bytme, byþme.]
Bouȝ. See Bogh.
Bouȝte, Bouhte, &c. See Bigge, v.
Boun(e), Bowne, adj. ready, IV a 81, XIV a 9, XVI 201; prompt, XVI 257; make youe b., prepare yourselves, arm, XVI 178; make þe b., hasten, XVI 339; watȝ nawhere b., was not to be found anywhere, VI 174. [ON. búin-n, bún-.] See Busk.
Bounté, excellence, XV c 26. [OFr. bonté.]
Bour(e), Bower, n. abode, XIV b 26, XV e 17, 18; pl. bowers, chambers, XVII 348. [OE. būr.]
Bourde, n. entertainment, II 445; Bourdys, pl. jests, II 9. [OFr. bourde.]
Boute, prep. without, V 285. [OE. būtan.] See Bot(e).
Bowand. See Boȝe.
Bowe, n. bow, IX 258, XII a 57. [OE. boga.]
Bowers. See Bour(e).
Braggere, n. braggart, VIII a 148. [From ME. braggen, of unknown origin.]
Braid. See Brode.
Braide, Brayd, Brade, n. a sudden movement; in a brade, in a trice, XVII 21; bittir braide, grievous onslaught, XIV c 68, XVI 207. [OE. brægd.]
Brayde, v. to move quickly; draw, V 251; Brayde, pa. t. threw, V 309; Brayde, pp. in brayde down, lowered, V 1. [OE. bregdan.]
Brayn, n. brain, XV h 6 (distrib. sg.; see Hert). [OE. brægn.]
Brak. See Breke(n).
Brandis, n. pl. pieces of burnt wood, X 113. [OE. bránd.]
Bras, n. brass, XVI 196. [OE. bræs.]
Brast. See Brest(e).
Braunche, Branch, n. branch, I 121, V 109, XVII 511. [OFr. branche.]
Bre, n. foaming sea, VII 152. [App. a curious allit. use of OE. brīw, *brēo, broth.]
Bred(e), n. bread, VIII a 18, 129, 131, 207, 298; as euer ete I brede = so may I live, on my life, XVII 395; hors bred, houndes bred, bread of beans, bran, &c., for the food of horses and dogs, VIII a 208. [OE. brēad.]
Bred-corne, n. grain for bread, VIII a 64. [Prec. + OE. corn.]
Brede, Breed, n. breadth, XVII 126; of breed, in breadth, XVII 259. [OE. brǣdu.]
Brede, v. intr. (to expand), grow, VI 55. [OE. brǣdan.]
Bredeȝ, n. pl. planks, V 3. [OE. bred.]
Breff, adj. brief, meagre, VII 74. [OFr. bref.]
Breke(n), v. to break, violate, VIII a 31, IX 46, XI b 187, XVI 257, XVII 387, &c.; intr. II 338, IX 118; Brak, pa. t. sg. X 106; Breke, pa. t. pl. V 14; Broke, pp. injured, VIII b 34 (see Broke-legged, VIII a 130); Brokynne, broken, XVI 195. [OE. brecan.]
Brekynge, n. breaking; smale b., breaking a long note into a number of short ones, fine trilling, XI b 138. [OE. brecung.]
Brem(e), adj. fierce, violent, V 132, VII 139, 152, &c.; threatening, wild, V 77; passionate, VII 104; glorious, II 61; adv. gloriously, XV b 27. [OE. brēme, adj. and adv.]
Brem(e)ly, adv. fiercely, violently, V 251, VII 106; exceedingly, V 165. [From prec.]
Bren, Bran, n. bran, VIII a 175, 278. [OFr. bren.]
Bren, v. to burn; Brent, pp. VII 152, 159; Brennynge, pres. p. fervent, XI b 67; Brennynge, n. burning, IX 10. [ON. brenna.] See Byrne, Brin.
Brent, adj. steep, V 97. [Cf. OE. brant.]
Bren-waterys, n. pl. XV h 22, 'water-burners', i.e. blacksmiths (from the hiss of the hot iron when plunged in water). Compare burn-the-wind, a nickname for blacksmiths. [Bren, v. + Watter.]
Brere, n. briar, II 276. [OE. brǣr, brēr.]
Brest, n. breast, V 303. [OE. brēost.]
Brest(e), Brast (XVII), v. trans. and intr. to burst, IV a 81, XV h 6, XVII 264; Barste, pa. t. sg. VIII a 171; Brosten, pp. XVI 196. [OE. berstan; ON. bresta.]
Bretfull, adj. full to the brim, VII 164. [OE., ME. brerdfull, prob. with substitution of ON. cognate form *bredd-; cf. Swed. bräddfull.]
Brether(en). See Broþer.
Breue, v. to set down in writing; Breuyt, pa. t. sg. VII 65; pp. VII 14. [Med. L. breviāre, OE. brēfan.]
Brid(d), Byrd (XVII), n. young bird, XII a 196; (small) bird, II 305, VII 104, XII a 169, 172, XVII 514, &c. [OE. bridd, young bird (late Nth. pl. birdas).]
Brydel, n. bridle, V 84. [OE. brīdel.]
Brygge, n. (draw)bridge, V 1. [OE. brycg.] See Draw-brig.
Bryght(e), Briȝt, Bryȝt, Briht (XII), Bryht (XV), &c., adj. and adv. bright, II 152, 269, 455, IV a 72, b 6, V 158, XII b 130, XV b 26, XVII 9, &c. [OE. berht, byrht.]
Brightnes, n. splendour, XVII 15, 20. [OE. berht-nes.]
Brimme, Brymme, n. water's edge, V 104; brink, XII b 32. [OE. brymme.]
Brin, Bryn, v. trans. to burn, X 21 (implied by rime); Brynt, Brint, pa. t. X 113; pp. X 32, 165. [ON. brinna.] See Bren, Byrne.
Bring(e), Bryng(e), v. to bring, take, escort; cause to be; IV a 7, b 46, VIII a 64, IX 60, X 17, XI a 3 (adduce), XII a 193, XIV b 68, &c.; Broght(e), Broȝt(e), Brought, Brouȝt(e), pa. t. I 123, II 93, III 11, VIII a 288, XII a 25, b 47 (subj.), XVI 161, &c.; pp. V 77, VII 90, XIV b 72, &c.; Ybrouȝt, II 389, 563; bryng it to an ende, accomplish it, IX 169; bringen forth, bring forth, produce, IX 60, XII a 193; to thay bryng, until they bring (something), XVII 499; broughte oute of, rescued from, XVI 161; brought it so breff, made it so meagre, VII 74; broght dede, brought to death, I 213. [OE. bringan.]
Brynstane, n. sulphur, X 20. [OE. bryn-stān.]
Brytouns, n. pl. men of Brittany, II 16. [OFr. Breton; L. Brit(t)ōnem, Briton.]
Britoner, Brytonere, n. a man of Brittany, VIII a 148, 169. [From prec.]
Brockes, n. pl. badgers, VIII a 31. [OE. brocc.]
Brode, adj. broad, V 1, 165, VII 106, XV g 5; Brood, XIII a 39; Braid, X 24. [OE. brād.]
Broght(e), Broȝt(e). See Bring(e).
Broke, n. brook, stream, V 14, 132, VIII a 129. [OE. brōc.]
Broke, Brokynne. See Breke(n).
Broke-legged, adj. broken-legged, crippled, VIII a 130. See Breke(n), Legges.
Brood. See Brode.
Brosten. See Brest(e).
Broþe, adj. fierce, V 165. [ON. bráð-r.]
Broþely, adv. fiercely, V 309. [ON. bráð-liga.]
Broþer, n. brother, I 210, XII a 6; Brother, gen. sg. XII a 18; Brether, pl. XVII 318, 320 (see note); Breþeren, brethren, VIII a 201, XI b 243, &c. [OE. brōþor; ON. brǽðr, pl.]
Brouch, n. trinket, XIII b 23 (translates L. crepundia). [OFr. broche.]
Brouȝt(e), &c. See Bring(e).
Broun(e), Browne, adj. brown, VIII a 301, XV c 14; dull-hued, IX 38, 98; dark, VI 177. [OE. brūn.]
Browe, n. pl. eyebrows, XV c 14; forehead, V 238. [OE. brū.]
Buen. See Ben.
Buerne(s). See Borne, Burne.
Bugge. See Bigge, v.
Bugles, n. pl. bullocks, IX 256. [OFr. bugle.]
Bur. See Bir.
Burde, pa. t. subj. impers. (it would befit) in me burde, I had better, ought to, V 210, 360. [OE. ge-byrian.]
Burgase, Buriays, n. pl. burgesses, citizens, II 504, XIV b 65. [OFr. burgeis, sg. and pl.]
Buriel, Buryel, n. tomb, XIII a 46. [OE. byrgels.]
Burne. See Byrne.
Burne, n. warrior, knight, man, V 3, 21, 210, 247, 252, 270, 309, VI 37; voc. sir (knight), V 216, 254; Buernes, pl. VII 90, 91. [OE. béorn.]
Burnist, pp. polished, II 368. [OFr. burnir, burniss-.]
Burþ-tonge, n. native speech, XIII b 16, 43. [OE. byrþ- + túnge.]
Bus. See Bihoue.
Busk, v. (to prepare oneself); make haste, V 216; refl. in busk þe, hasten, XIV a 22; trans. (prepare), make, V 180. [ON. búa-sk, refl.] See Boune.
Busshel, n. bushel (a measure of volume varying very greatly at different times and places), VIII a 64. [OFr. buissiel.]
But. See Bot(e).
Butras, n. (? pl.) buttress, II 361. [? OFr. bouterez, nom. sg., or pl., of bouteret.]
Buþ. See Ben.
Buxome, adj. obedient, willing, VIII a 188. [Stem of OE. būgan + -sum.] See Boȝe.
