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1. C. Burrage, The Early English Dissenters in the Light of Recent Research, 1550-1641 (Cambridge, 1912), vol. i, pp. 84, 93. Hinds, in The England of Elizabeth, p. 19, traces “the first whisper of that sound” to Calvin’s letter of 1554.

2. Burrage, English Dissenters, vol. i, p. 34. Cf. E. Channing, History of the United States (New York, 1916), vol. i, p. 272 n.

3. Channing, History, vol. i, pp. 271 ff.; G. B. Tatham, The Puritans in Power (Cambridge, 1913), p. 2; and R. G. Usher, The Reconstruction of the English Church (New York, 1910), vol. i, pp. 244-46.

4. Lord Acton, Lectures on Modern History (London, 1907), p. 5.

5. Cf. Usher, Reconstruction, vol. i, p. 273.

6. Burrage, English Dissenters, vol. i, p. 152.

7. “Unless we allow for the innate capacity of the human mind to entertain contradictory beliefs at the same time, we shall in vain attempt to understand the history of thought in general and of religion in particular.” J. G. Frazer, Adonis, Attis, Osiris [The Golden Bough] (London, 1907), p. 5 n.

8. D. Neal, The History of the Puritans (New York, 1843), vol. i, p. 34.

9. Hinds, The England of Elizabeth, pp. 6-68.

10. H. Gee, The Elizabethan Clergy and the Settlement of Religion, 1558-1564 (Oxford, 1898), pp. i ff.

11. J. Brown, The Pilgrim Fathers of New England and their Puritan Successors (London, 1906), p. 26; Gee, in Elizabethan Clergy, p. 247, estimates that not many more than 200 were deprived between Nov. 17, 1558, and Nov. 17, 1564, for refusal to acknowledge the Elizabethan settlement. These were mainly Roman Catholics.

12. One is reminded of the satirical verses on Richard Lee of Hatfield, on his conforming again in 1662:—

13.F. W. Maitland’s chapter on “The Anglican Settlement and the Scottish Reformation,” in Cambridge Modern History (New York, 1918), vol. v, pp. 550-99.

14. Usher, Reconstruction, vol. ii, Pp. 3-14.

15. Tatham, in Puritans in Power, pp. 91 f., gives from 3,000 to 3,500. In his monograph on Dr. John Walker and the Sufferings of the Clergy (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1911, p. 132), he states 3,500 as the probable number.

16. R. G. Usher, The Rise and Fall of the High Commission (Oxford, 1913), pp. 72, 105, 329.

17. Usher, Reconstruction, vol. i, pp. 249-51.

18. Ibid., p. 270.

19. Usher, Reconstruction, vol. i, p. 251.

20. Usher, Reconstruction, vol. i, pp. 45, 291, 294, 412. On the unreliability of Puritan petitions in other cases also, cf. Tatham, Puritans in Power, pp. 59 ff.

21. J. Strype, Life and Acts of Archbishop Whitgift (Oxford, 1822), vol. i, p. 371.

22. Usher, Reconstruction, vol. i, p. 219.

23. Ibid., p. 352; It was said that three quarters of the House was Puritan, but this is doubtful. S. R. Gardiner, History, vol. i, p. 178.

24. Usher, Reconstruction, vol. i, pp. 274 f.

25. D. Masson, Life of Milton (London, 1875), vol. ii, p. 532.

26. Usher, Reconstruction, vol. i, pp. 42 ff., 347 ff.; J. B. Marsden, The History of the Early Puritans (London, 1853), pp. 78 ff.

27. W. Walker, John Calvin (New York, 1906), pp. 409-29; cf. also P. Schaff, Creeds of Christendom (New York, 1877), vol. i, pp. 451 ff.

28. John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, translated by J. Allen (Philadelphia, 1844), vol. ii, p. 170.

29. Calvin, Institutes, vol. i, p. 149.

30. J. F. Jameson, Introduction to Johnson’s Wonder-Working Providence (New York, 1910), p. 16.

31. Cf. S. N. Patten, The Development of English Thought (New York, 1904), p. 121; and B. Wendell, The Temper of the 17th Century in English Literature (New York, 1904), p. 227.

32. R. C. Winthrop, Life and Letters of John Winthrop (Boston, 1869), vol. i, p. 69.

33. Frazer, Adonis, etc., p. 137.

34. Usher, High Commission, p. 58.

35. This did not, however, imply any love for living Jews. Cf. D. deS. Pool, “Hebrew Learning among the Puritans of New England prior to 1700,” in American Jewish Historical Society Publications, vol. XX, p. 57.

36. John Milton, Of true Religion, Heresy, Schism, Toleration, etc. (Works, London, 1806, vol. iiv, p. 259.

37. C. L. Becker, Beginnings of the American People (New York, 1915), pp, 81-85.