Читать книгу Feline Dentistry - Jan Bellows - Страница 4
List of Illustrations
Оглавление1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 (a) Maxilla. (b) Maxillae, mandibles and sublingual areas. (c) Ri...Figure 1.2 Tongue papillae.Figure 1.3 Caudal oral cavity.Figure 1.4 Sublingual caruncles.Illustration 1.1 Cat salivary glands.Figure 1.5 Membranous bulge linguodistal to the mandibular first molar tooth...Figure 1.6 Oral mucosa in a patient with gingivitis, periodontitis, and caud...Figure 1.7 (a) and (b) Gingival structures surrounding the left maxillary (a...Figure 1.8 Compressed air from an air/water syringe exposing the normal 0.5 ...Figure 1.9 (a) Sagittal section revealing the periodontal ligament location ...Figure 1.10 Lamina dura (arrows pointing to the white line surrounding the t...Figure 1.11 (a) Alveolus encasing a fractured maxillary canine tooth. (b) De...Figure 1.12 (a) Left lateral aspect of the skull with the zygomatic arch rem...Figure 1.13 (a) Lateral aspect of right maxilla: 1. Alveolar process; 2. Fro...Figure 1.14 (a) Palatine fissures. (b) Incisive papilla.Figure 1.15 (a) Lower jaw. (b) Right mandible buccal aspect: 1. Mandibular b...Figure 1.16 (a) Mandibular symphysis dorsal view. (b) Mandibular symphysis r...Figure 1.17 Temporomandibular joints ventral view: 1. Retroarticular process...Figure 1.18 Lateral aspect of the left temporomandibular joint: 1. Coronoid ...Figure 1.19 Cat model demonstrating normal tooth anatomy.Figure 1.20 Modified Triadan system incisor tooth numbering.Figure 1.21 Extracted canine tooth.Figure 1.22 Mandibular canine vertical groove.Figure 1.23 Modified Triadan canine tooth numbering: (a) Maxillary canines. ...Figure 1.24 Normal right maxillary/mandibular canine teeth orientation in th...Figure 1.25 Normal left maxillary/mandibular canine teeth orientation in the...Figure 1.26 (a) Right maxillary and mandibular canine, premolars and molar (...Figure 1.27 (a) Left mandibular, canine, premolars, and molar (b) Right mand...Figure 1.28 Maxillary fourth premolar.Figure 1.29 (a) Dissected left mandibular first molar. (b) Radiograph of an ...Figure 1.30 (a) Supernumerary maxillary left canine tooth. (b) Radiograph co...Figure 1.31 Persistent maxillary primary canine teeth, note that the seconda...Figure 1.32 (a) Abnormally shaped right mandibular fourth premolar consisten...Figure 1.33 (a) Suspected fusion of supernumerary mandibular fourth premolar...Figure 1.34 Enamel, dentin, and pulp exposed in an acutely fractured canine ...Figure 1.35 Canine tooth and surrounding structures.Figure 1.36 Directions in the oral cavity.Figure 1.37 Right maxillary and mandibular apical and coronal directions.Illustration 1.2 Tooth anatomy and direction nomenclature.
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Dental operatory.Figure 2.2 Dental operatory.Figure 2.3 Multiple table dental operatory allowing many procedures to be pe...Figure 2.4 (a) Four‐handed dentistry.(b) Six‐handed dentistry.Figure 2.5 (a) and (b) Dentistry suite.(c) Illustration of a one‐table d...Figure 2.6 (a) Head held at improper angle. (b) Proper head/neck angle.Figure 2.7 (a) Unencumbered area under the working end of the operatory tabl...Figure 2.8 Dental operatory where the shelves of dental materials are locate...Figure 2.9 Water‐cooled electric micromotor unit.Figure 2.10 Nitrogen‐powered delivery system.Figure 2.11 (a) Self‐contained dental delivery system with a large air compr...Figure 2.12 Dental air compressor unit positioned to power multiple delivery...Figure 2.13 Suction unit for multiple workstation suction.Figure 2.14 Chair‐side dental storage.Figure 2.15 Drawer containing sterilized instruments for performance of peri...Figure 2.16 Dental operatory with adequate storage.Figure 2.17 Dental operatory with mobile and stationary storage areas.Figure 2.18 (a) Cassette holding wing‐tipped elevators. (b) Sterilizable fel...Figure 2.19 Ceiling‐mounted spotlight.Figure 2.20 Proper head angulation (left) and improper head position causing...Figure 2.21 (a) Front lens‐mounted loupes and (b) through the lens‐mounted l...Figure 2.22 Properly fitted telescopic loupes resulting in functional head t...Figure 2.23 Fiber‐illuminated high‐speed handpiece.Figure 2.24 Floor stand X‐ray generator, sensor, and monitor.Figure 2.25 Wall‐mounted X‐ray generator to service two treatment tables....Figure 2.26 Handheld X‐ray generator.Figure 2.27 Three digital sensors – from right to left sizes 0, 1, and 2.Figure 2.28 Portable x‐ray generator and CR processing system. Figure 2.29 Wall‐mounted anesthesia unit and easily accessible monitors and ...Figure 2.30 Patient monitoring unit.Figure 2.31 (a) Adult Feline dental chart.(b) Electronic dental chart (h...Figure 2.32 (a) Shepherd’s hook dental explorer – #23 dental explorer (Cisla...Figure 2.33 (a) UNC‐15 periodontal probe with markings at every 1 mm and bar...Figure 2.34 Dental mirror.Figure 2.35 (a) Various sized mouth props – Dentalaire. (b) Incorrect use of...Figure 2.36 Magnification and illumination and operator safety equipment use...Figure 2.37 Sickle scaler.Figure 2.38 (a) Columbia 13/14 universal curette. (b) Area‐specific curette ...Figure 2.39 (a) Ultrasonic scaler with illumination. (b) Stack insert. (c) T...Figure 2.40 IM3’s 42‐12 ferrite rod ultrasonic scaler operates at 43000Hz.Figure 2.41 Side of piezoelectric tip used to remove plaque and tartar.Figure 2.42 Tip wear and resulting efficiency. 2 mm loss in length can resul...Figure 2.43 (a–d) Piezoelectric scalers require a wrench to unscrew and repl...Figure 2.44 (a) Metallic prophy angle. (b) Disposable polishing angle and pa...Figure 2.45 Application of SANOS into the left maxillary canine sulcus.Figure 2.46 (a) OraVet® professional product gel applied to teeth and under ...Figure 2.47 (a) 2 mm bleeding periodontal pocket, (b) Application of Clindor...Figure 2.48 (a) #11 scalpel blade used to incise gingiva caudal to the right...Figure 2.49 Periotome.Figure 2.50 (a) Ex‐9 periosteal elevator.Figure 2.51 Freer periosteal elevator.Figure 2.52 (a) Dental luxating type elevator (Cislak). (b) Feline pen luxat...Figure 2.53 (a) Various‐sized wing‐tipped elevators in a cassette. (b) Winge...Figure 2.54 (a) Not recommended thick end of wing‐tipped elevator. (b) Recom...Figure 2.55 Root Forcep Z4658 (Cislak).Figure 2.56 (a) Curved extraction forceps (#301 Forceps). (b) Curved extract...Figure 2.57 (a) Micro‐Friedman rongeur.(b) Rongeur used to deliver a can...Figure 2.58 WA‐1 Root tip pick.Figure 2.59 (a) Sharpening a wing‐tipped elevator. (b) Mechanical sharpening...Figure 2.60 (a) Diplomate extraction kit in instrument cassette.(b) Dr. ...Figure 2.61 (a) High‐ (left) and low‐speed (right) handpieces loaded on a de...Figure 2.62 (a) iM3 Advantage 4–1 nose cone. (b) iM3 LS Advantage motor.Figure 2.63 Contra‐angle attachment.Figure 2.64 High‐speed handpiece.Figure 2.65 Fiber‐optic illumination.Figure 2.66 (a) Lever control bur changer. (b) Push control. (c) Bur inserti...Figure 2.67 Bur design.Figure 2.68 Round bur on a LA shank.Figure 2.69 Round bur on a friction grip shank.Figure 2.70 Bur block with various friction grip burs.Figure 2.71 Storage container for multiple bur types and sizes.Figure 2.72 Friction grip, surgical and long burs.Figure 2.73 (a) Common types of burs used in operative dentistry.Figure 2.73 (b) Round bur used to remove a section of buccal alveolar bone ...Figure 2.74 Diamond bur.Figure 2.75 Football‐shaped diamond bur used to smooth the alveolar crest af...Figure 2.76 White stone used to complete a composite restoration.Figure 2.77 (a) Canister removal tool. (b) Canister turbine. (c) Turbine wit...Figure 2.78 VOHC seal of acceptance.Figure 2.79 VOHC accepted products to decrease the accumulation of plaque an...Figure 2.80 Cotton applicator used to wipe the daily accumulation of plaque ...Figure 2.81 Cat Bites ® to help decrease the accumulation of plaque.Figure 2.82 Barbed broach used to remove the pulp from a fractured cat's can...Figure 2.83 K‐file removing clean dentinal shavings.Figure 2.84 Various‐sized paper points 30 mm lengths.Figure 2.85 Various‐sized gutta percha points.Figure 2.86 GuttaFlow.Figure 2.87 Endodontic locking pliers.Figure 2.88 Retrograde amalgam carrier used to deliver MTA or calcium hydrox...Figure 2.89 Glass ionomer.Figure 2.90 Bottle and “lollipop” self‐etch (one‐step) adhesive.Figure 2.91 (a) Capsules and syringe flowable composite. (b) Light‐cured hyb...Figure 2.92 Curing light.Figure 2.93 (a) CO2 laser. (b) Diode laser, and (c) Therapy laser.Figure 2.94 (a) Protemp®. (b) Splint material used to stabilize a cat's symp...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Patient anesthetized, temperature control assist, vital parameter...Figure 3.2 Patient preanesthetic evaluation.Figure 3.3 (a) An anesthesia checkoff list. (b) Soda lime replacement remind...Figure 3.4 Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum secondary to en...Figure 3.5 (a) Hypothermia prevented by using a radiant heat blanket HotDog®...Figure 3.6 (a) Stationary multiparameter monitor.(b) Portable multiparam...Figure 3.7 (a–e) Capnogram illustrations.Figure 3.8 Radiant heat system – HotDog.Figure 3.9 In the circuit CO2 monitor.Figure 3.10 Tail base pulse oximeter probe.Figure 3.11 (a–c) Infraorbital nerve block.Figure 3.12 Maxillary nerve block illustration.Figure 3.13 (a and b) Middle mental nerve block.Figure 3.14 (a) A median view of the point of entry of the inferior alveolar...Figure 3.15 Nerve block summary illustration.Figure 3.16 Fentanyl transdermal patch.
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 (a) Feline Grimace Scale parameters and point values. (b) Patient...Figure 4.2 (a) General physical examination while cat resides in bottom half...Figure 4.3 (a) Veterinarian and assistant evaluating a cat's mouth in the ex...Figure 4.4 (a) Findings of saliva stained muzzle and right forelimb secondar...Figure 4.5 (a) Left facial swelling secondary to osteomyelitis treated with ...Figure 4.6 Left‐sided decreased palpebral size secondary to caudal oral cavi...Figure 4.7 (a) sliding the lip caudally reveals supernumerary left mandibula...Figure 4.8 Normal position of the maxillary/mandibular incisors and canines....Figure 4.9 Marked mandibular distoclusion and asymmetry.Figure 4.10 (a) Dorsal tongue surface ulceration consistent with calicivirus...Figure 4.11 (a) Normal teeth and gingiva. (b) Tooth resorption, gingivitis a...Figure 4.12 (a) Catheter placed. (b) Ultrasonic dental scaling.Figure 4.13 Dental assistant obtaining full‐mouth intraoral radiographs.Figure 4.14 Visual tooth‐by‐tooth examination and probing.Figure 4.15 Dental assistant arranges radiographs for doctor to view while c...Figure 4.16 (a) Tooth resorption affecting the right maxillary canine root a...Figure 4.17 (a) Clinically evident tooth resorption of the left maxillary th...Figure 4.18 (a) Application of SANOS®, a dental sealant. (b) Applicatio...Figure 4.19 Right maxillary canine root canal therapy.Figure 4.20 (a) Painful type 2 tooth resorption exposed to the oral cavity. ...Figure 4.21 (a) Right maxillary fourth premolar penetrating the gingiva bucc...Figure 4.22 (a) Marked malocclusion. (b) Malocclusion corrected by tooth mov...Figure 4.23 (a) Sutured surgical site. (b) Post‐extraction radiograph confir...Figure. 4.24 Patient in sternal recumbency in the recovery cage.Figure 4.25 Client report is prepared.Figures 4.26 (a) Review of case with client at release. (b) Demonstration ap...Figure 4.27 Oral assessment treatment and prevention visit workflow.Figure 4.28 (a) Feline deciduous tooth chart. (b) Radiograph findings.Figure 4.29 (a) Feline adult chart and (b) Radiograph findings.Figure 4.30 Completed feline dental chart (VIN).Figure 4.31 American Animal Hospital Association Feline dental charts.Figure 4.32 (a) Electronic feline deciduous tooth pathology chart. (b) Elect...Figure 4.33 (a) Electronic feline patient pathology dental chart. (b) Electr...Figure 4.34 (a) Two‐handed electronic charting (veterinarian only). (b) Four...Figure 4.35 Normal rostral occlusion,Figure 4.36 Marked mandibular mesioclusion in a “normal” Persian cat.Figure 4.37 Marked mandibular distoclusion – note the palatal penetration fr...Figure 4.38 Normal incisor, canine, premolar relationships.Figure 4.39 Tongue ulceration secondary to calici virus.Figure 4.40 Feline eosinophilic granuloma affecting the hard palate. Figure 4.41 Ranula in a cat.Figure 4.42 Caudal stomatitis.Figure 4.43 (a) Clinically missing right mandibular third premolar (note too...Figure 4.44 Persistent left maxillary canine tooth, note the buccal swelling...Figure 4.45 (a) Supernumerary left maxillary second premolars. (b) Supernume...Figure 4.46 Williams probe – with markings at – 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 mm....Figure 4.47 (a) Right maxillary canine palatal defect. (b) Abnormal 3 mm pro...Figure 4.48 7mm palatal attachment loss.Figure 4.49 (a) Shepherd's hook explorer. (b) Orban explorer, and (c) ODU 11...Figure 4.50 (a) Suspected tooth resorption in a cat's left mandibular canine...Figure 4.51 (a) Gingival recession revealing the furcation of the right mand...Figure 4.52 bleeding on probing.Figure 4.53 Normal gingiva with no evidence of inflammation.Figure 4.54 (a) Marginal gingivitis on a cat's right maxillary fourth premol...Figures 4.55 (a–d) Examples of calculus indices (Table 4.6).Figure 4.56 Gingival enlargement around the right mandibular first molar.Figure 4.57 (a) Gingival recession of the left maxillary fourth premolar wit...Figure 4.58 Left maxillary canine complicated and right maxillary canine unc...Figure 4.59 Uncomplicated crown fractured left mandibular molar.Figure 4.60 (a) Acute complicated fractured left maxillary canine. (b) Chron...Figure 4.61 (a) Complicated crown root fracture of the left maxillary fourth...Figure 4.62 (a) Left maxillary canine crown wear due to malpositioned left m...Figure 4.63 Intrinsic staining.Figure 4.64 Intraoral radiograph of stage 2 tooth resorption affecting the l...Figure 4.65 (a) Stage 3 tooth resorption affecting a cat's left mandibular m...Figure 4.66 (a) Tooth resorption of a cat's right mandibular third premolar ...Figure 4.67 (a) Stage 4b tooth resorption of the right mandibular molar. (b)...Figure 4.68 (a) Cat's left mandibular canine with clinical tooth resorption ...
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 (a) Dental hard tissue superimposition in skull film resulting in...Figure 5.2 (a) Wall‐mounted X‐ray generator.(b) Handheld X‐ray generator...Figure 5.3 Sensor bite damage.Figure 5.4 Size 1 and 2 DR sensors.Figure 5.5 CR film sizes.Figure 5.6 Full mouth intraoral radiograph series.Figure 5.7 (a–q) Examples of intraoral digital software screens.Figure 5.8 (a) Foreshortened image. (b) Elongated image.Figure 5.9 (a) Parallel technique to expose the left cheek teeth in a cat. (...Figure 5.10 (a) Bisecting angle used to image the right maxillary cheek teet...Figure 5.11 (a) Sensor placed in the cat's mouth for exposure of maxillary i...Illustration 5.1 Parallel technique and bisecting angle technique. Illustrat...Figure 5.12 (a) Lateral oblique positioning of the PID and sensor for a cat'...Figure 5.13 (a) PID and sensor positioned to obtain image of the cat's right...Figure 5.14 (a) Zygomatic arch superimposed upon the left maxillary fourth p...Figure 5.15 (a) Position of PID and sensor to expose the mandibular incisors...Figure 5.16 (a) Sensor parallel to the mandibular cheek teeth with PID posit...Figure 5.17 (a) Right TMJ arrowed on a cat's skull. (b) Tube head and patien...Figure 5.18 (a) Clinical appearance of cat with a right rostrodorsal TMJ lux...Figure 5.19 (a) Radiograph of right caudoventral TMJ luxation. (b) Mandibula...Figure 5.20 Radiograph of cat's incisive bone.Figure 5.21 (a) Normal left lateral maxilla. (b) Sagittal section maxilla.Figure 5.22 Various radiograph appearances of the mental foramina: (a) Rostr...Figure 5.23 (a–d) radiograph appearances of normal mandibular symphyses.Figure 5.24 Right mandibular canal.Figure 5.25 Lamina dura and periodontal ligament space surrounding the right...Figure 5.26 Enlarged periodontal ligament space with advanced periodontal di...Figure 5.27 (a) Mandibular incisors (b) Normal level of bone support support...Figure 5.28 Stage 2 periodontal disease affecting the right mandibular fourt...Figure 5.29 Horizontal bone loss consistent with stage 3 moderate periodonta...Figure 5.30 (a) Vertical bone loss secondary to advanced (stage 4) periodont...Figure 5.31 (a) Stage 4 periodontal disease affecting the left mandibular mo...Figure 5.32 Stage 2 furcation involvement,Figure 5.33 (a) Area of inflammation affecting the left mandibular molar. (b...Figure 5.34 (a) Right and left maxillary canine chronic alveolar osteitis. (...Figure 5.35 (a) Super erupted left mandibular canine. (b) Radiograph reveali...Figure 5.36 (a) Apparent apical closure of a cat's fractured left maxillary ...Figure 5.37 (a) Left maxillary canine root canal space enlarged compared to ...Figure 5.38 Periapical (radicular) cyst associated with the right mandibular...Figure 5.39 (a) Discolored left mandibular canine crown. (b) Radiograph reve...Figure 5.40 (a) Stage 2 tooth resorption affecting the right mandibular cani...Illustration 5.2 Types of tooth resorption.Figure 5.41 (a) Left mandibular molar affected by Type 1 tooth resorption (b...Figure 5.42 (a) Loss of detail and increased bone production of the caudal o...Figure 5.43 (a) CT imaging of a cat with facial swelling.(b) Patient in ...Figure 5.44 Evaluation of a TMJ in a multi‐planar reconstruction view. (a) N...Figure 5.45 (a) Clinical image of caudal maxillary lesion. (b) CT image of l...Figure 5.46 (a–c) Patient presented with history of pain on tooth brushing. ...Figure 5.47 (a–e) Patient presented with bilateral non‐healing maxillary can...Figure 5.48 (a–d) Patient presented with increased plaque and calculus over ...Figure 5.49 (a–e) refractory stomatitis despite reported full mouth extracti...Figure 5.50 (a–d) Patient presented with barely visible tooth resorption of ...Figure 5.51 (a–c) Patient presented for anorexia and weight loss, oral exam ...Figure 5.52 The cat had fallen from a tree and presented with oral cavity bl...Figure 5.53 (a) Right facial swelling. (b) Two‐dimensional image of the embe...
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 (a) Internal root resorption affecting the apical third of the ro...Figure 6.2 (a) Right and left mandibular canines radiographically displaying...Figure 6.3 Extension of TR (tooth resorption) in the furcation area affectin...Figure 6.4 Surface resorption affecting a maxillary third incisor.Figure 6.5 Replacement resorption – mandibular canine roots being replaced b...Illustration 6.1 Stage 1 Tooth resorption.Illustration 6.2 Stage 2 Tooth resorption.Figure 6.6 (a) Clinical appearance of Stage 2 external root resorption exten...Illustration 6.3 Stage 3 Tooth resorption.Figure 6.7 (a) Radiograph confirming Stage 3 tooth resorption invading a man...Figure 6.8 (a) Stage 4 tooth resorption affecting the right maxillary fourth...Illustration 6.4 Stage 4a Tooth resorption.Illustration 6.5 Stage 4b Tooth resorption.Figure 6.9 Stage 4b tooth resorption affecting the left mandibular fourth pr...Illustration 6.6 Stage 4c Tooth resorption.Figure 6.10 Stage 4c tooth resorption affecting the left maxillary canine to...Illustration 6.7 Stage 5 Tooth resorption.Illustration 6.8 Stages of tooth resorption.Figure 6.11 (a) Left mandibular third premolar gingiva appears to be raised ...Figure 6.12 (a) and (b) Radiograph revealing tooth resorption with intact pe...Figure 6.13 Clinical appearance of type 1 tooth resorption affecting the dis...Figure 6.14 Decreased opacity in the left mandibular third premolar roots ty...Illustration 6.9 Tooth resorption types – illustration.Figure 6.15 Left mandibular molar radiograph consistent with Type 3 TR.Figure 6.16 (a) Clinical appearance of inflammation typical of Type 3 tooth ...Figure 6.17 (a) Clinical appearance of tooth resorption affecting the right ...Figure 6.18 Maxillary and mandibular flap designs (dotted lines) for single ...Figure 6.19 (a) Tooth resorption affecting a cat's left mandibular canine, d...Figure 6.20 Extraction of the right mandibular third premolar: (a) Caudal ve...Figure 6.21 (a) Right maxillary third and fourth premolars affected by tooth...Figure 6.22 (a) Clinical appearance of type 2 tooth resorption of the right ...Figures 6.23 (a) Clinical appearance of type 2 tooth resorption of the left ...
7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Doctor and dental assistant scaling teeth.Figure 7.2 Ultrasonic dental scaling.Illustration 7.1 Scaling and root planing illustration.Figure 7.3 Abnormal 5 mm palatal periodontal pocket depth affecting the left...Figure 7.4 (a) Proper angle to insert periodontal probe into palatal defect....Figure 7.5 Bleeding on probing‐note 6 mm pocket palatal to the right maxilla...Figure 7.6 (a) Stage 2 periodontal disease affecting the distal root of the ...Figure 7.7 (a) Normal left maxillary fourth premolar gingiva (PD0). (b) Stag...Figure 7.8 Stage 2 periodontal disease affecting the right maxillary fourth ...Figure 7.9 (a) Less than 25% loss of support affecting the right maxillary c...Figure 7.10 (a) 1 mm probing depth and bleeding on probing. (b) Application ...Figure 7.11 Two walled infrabony defect affecting the mesial root of the lef...Illustration 7.2 Periodontal pocketing.Figure 7.12 (a) Gingival recession affecting a cat's left mandibular molar c...Figure 7.13 (a) Radiograph consistent with furcation involvement of the righ...Figure 7.14 Intraoral radiograph displaying approximately 35% attachment los...Figure 7.15 (a) Clinical appearance of stage 3 periodontal disease affecting...Figure 7.16 (a) Inflammation around the distal root of the left mandibular m...Figure 7.17 (a) Left maxillary canine tooth extrusion. (b) Radiograph of the...Figure 7.18 (a) and (b) Generalized inflammation of the attached gingiva in ...Figure 7.19 (a) Clinical appearance of bilateral maxillary alveolar bone exp...Figure 7.20 (a) Large swelling surrounding the root of the maxillary left ca...Figure 7.21 (a and b) Allograft material – Veterinary Transplant Services®, ...Figure 7.22 (a and b) Xenograft bone material – Veterinary Transplant Servic...Figure 7.23 (a) Maxillary canine teeth with palatal bleeding after dental sc...Figure 7.24 (a) Finger toothbrush applied to the gingival margin. (b–d) Cott...Figure 7.25 (a) Maxi/guard oral cleansing gel (with attached vitamin C). (b)...Figure 7.26 VOHC accepted PetSmile® Toothpaste.Figure 7.27 (a) OraVet® professional application on the anesthetized patient...Figure 7.28 (a) Hill's prescription Diet t/d Feline®. (b) Hill's science Die...Figure 7.29 Cat Dental Bites®Figure 7.30 (a and b) Feline Greenies®.Figure 7.31 Alveolar mucositis affecting the attached gingiva extending to t...Figure 7.32 Buccal mucositis.Figure 7.33 Caudal mucositis.Figure 7.34 (a) Complicated maxillary canine fractures, labial mucositis, le...Figure 7.35 Caudal stomatitis and glossitis.Figure 7.36 (a) Type 1 FCGS alveolar and buccal stomatitis. (b) Type 2 FCGS ...Figure 7.37 Unilateral caudal mucositis confirmed by histopathology.Figure 7.38 (a–i) Pharyngostomy tube placement: (a) Measuring red rubber tub...Figure 7.39 (a) Horizontal incision with #11 blade. (b) Exposure of the righ...Figure 7.40 (a) Inflamed area around the left mandibular first incisor. (b) ...Figure 7.41 (a) Circumferential, mesial, and distal incisions around left ma...Figure 7.42 (a) Vertical releasing incision mesially. (b) Intrasulcular inci...Figure 7.43 (a) Right maxillary fourth premolar and mandibular molar alveola...Figure 7.44 (a) Marked alveolar mucositis. (b) Scalpel blade placed into a m...Figure 7.45 (a–d) Gingivitis, periodontitis, and alveolar mucositis before s...Figure 7.46 (a) Gingival inflammation over retained mandibular root fragment...Figure 7.47 (a) Stomatitis affecting an FIV‐positive cat. (b) Minimal inflam...Figure 7.48 (a) Right maxillary alveolar mucositis and periodontal disease. ...Figure 7.49 (a) Alveolar mucositis and caudal stomatitis. (b) Laser ablation...Figure 7.50 (a) Alveolar and vestibular mucositis in a cat. (b) Laser treatm...Figure 7.51 Laser light energy applied externally after full‐mouth extractio...Figure 7.52 (a) Marked caudal oral cavity swelling and inflammation secondar...Figure 7.53 (a) and (b) Marked right and left cheek teeth inflammation secon...Figure 7.54 (a) Marked inflammation right maxilla. (b) and (c) Caudal stomat...Figure 7.55 (a) The Assissi Loop Lounge™ Images courtesy of Assi Animal Heal...
8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 (a) Peripheral odontogenic fibroma surrounding the right mandibul...Figure 8.2 (a) Soft swelling in the area of the right tonsil. (b) Aspirated ...Figure 8.3 (a) and (b) Left side of face swollen. (c). Intraoral radiographs...Figure 8.4 Marked inflammation and exuberant tissue secondary to osteomyelit...Figure 8.5 (a) Alveolar bone expansion and advanced periodontal disease. (b)...Figure 8.6 (a) Eosinophilic ulcer affecting a cat's lip. (b) Ulcer resolved ...Figure 8.7 (a) Eosinophilic granuloma affecting a cat's tongue. (b) Surgical...Figure 8.8 Maxillary fourth premolar penetrating (a) pyogenic granuloma bucc...Figure 8.9 (a) Right mandible mass in a cat. (b) Radiograph consistent with ...Figure 8.10 (a) Touch impression for cytology and (b) A population of cohesi...Figure 8.11 (a) FNA of a mandibular mass in a cat and (b) Cytology consisten...Figure 8.12 (a) Clinical appearance of large right‐sided caudal oral mass. (...Figure 8.13 (a) and (b) Left mandibular mass in a cat. (c) Radiograph of les...Figure 8.14 (a) Fibrosarcoma. (b) Nasal lymphoma (confirmed through histopat...Figure 8.15 Mast cell tumor on the labial mucosa.Figure 8.16 (a) Central osteosarcoma effaced bone and facial soft tissues, (...Figure 8.17 (a) Marked swelling of the left mandible in an adult cat. (b) Ra...Illustration 8.1 Maxillectomy/mandibulectomy surgical terms.
9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 (a) and (b) Rostral mandible swelling and draining tract secondar...Figure 9.2 Discolored tooth consistent with pulpal hemorrhage.Figure 9.3 (a) and (b) Shiny reparative dentin secondary to chronic wear fro...Figure 9.4 (a) Uncomplicated crown fracture of the left mandibular third pre...Figure 9.5 (a) Uncomplicated enamel fracture. (b) Uncomplicated crown fractu...Figure 9.6 (a) Complicated crown fracture illustration.. (b) Right maxil...Figure 9.7 (a) Complicated left maxillary canine fracture (note cut sections...Figure 9.8 (a) Complicated crown‐root fracture illustration. (b) Complicated...Figure 9.9 (a‐d) Root fractures are classified according to the anatomic loc...Figure 9.10 (a) Complicated crown fracture of the left maxillary canine in a...Figure 9.11 Paper points.Figure 9.12 (a) Gutta percha points. (b) LightSpeed® gutta percha carri...Figure 9.13 RC Prep – file lubricant and dentin softening agent.Figure 9.14 Barbed broach used to help remove pulp in a complicated fracture...Figure 9.15 (a) K file. (b) K file producing clean dentinal shavings during ...Figure 9.16 (a) Hedstrom file packet. (b) ISO color coded file widths. Commo...Figure 9.17 College pliers.Figure 9.18 Retrograde amalgam carrier.Figure 9.19 Spatula.Figure 9.20 (a) Endodontic irrigation needle and (b) endodontic irrigation s...Figure 9.21 (a) Acute complicated crown fracture of the left maxillary canin...Figure 9.22 Radiograph confirming files with stops in place reaching working...Figure 9.23 X‐SMART IQ™ rotary system.Figure 9.24 (a) Radiograph confirming complicated crown fracture. (b) Root c...Figure 9.25 (a) Lacerated feline hard palate from a motor vehicle accident. ...Figure 9.26 (a) Protemp™ Plus Temporization Material kit. (b) Displaced maxi...Figure 9.27 (a) Symphyseal separation. (b) 18 g needle used to feed suture a...Figure 9.28 (a) ProTemp™ used to stabilize fractured maxilla (note complicat...Figure 9.29 (a) Favorable and unfavorable mandibular fractures. (b) Button m...Figure 9.30 (a) Mandibles of a cat clinically shifted toward the right secon...Figure 9.31 (a) Clinical appearance of cat with mandible deviated to the lef...Figure 9.32 Condylar process fracture.Figure 9.33 Zygomatic process of the temporal bone fractured away from the t...Figure 9.34 (a, b) Rostral parasymphyseal fracture. (c–j) CBCT and 3‐D image...Figure 9.35 (a–h) Trauma secondary to an automobile accident where CT imagin...Figure 9.36 (a) There is a comminuted fracture of the right caudal mandible....Figure 9.37 (a) Clinical appearance of right mandibular deviation. (b) Devia...
10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 (a) Brachycephalic head of a Persian cat. (b) Siamese cat exampl...Figure 10.2 (a) Normal incisor‐canine relationship (b) Normal third incisor ...Figure 10.3 (a) Dental malocclusion, Angle Class 1 – crowded incisors. (b) I...Figure 10.4 (a) Mandibular distoclusion (skeletal malocclusion). (b) Mandibu...Figure 10.5 (a) Maxillary/mandibular asymmetry. (b) Mandibular asymmetry.Figure 10.6 (a) Maxillary canine tooth mesioversion. (b) Mandibular canine t...Figure 10.7 Labioversion of the right mandibular canine.Figure 10.8 Palatoversion of the left maxillary canine.Figure 10.9 Palatoversion of right and left maxillary canines.Figure 10.10 (a) and (b) Mandibular mesioclusion exposing the rostral lower ...Figure 10.11 (a) Right mandibular canine crown penetrating the gingiva in a ...Figure 10.12 (a) Mandibular maxillary asymmetry. (b) Orthodontic buttons and...Figure 10.13 Persistent deciduous teeth (a) Left and right mandibular canine...Figure 10.14 (a) Right maxillary fourth premolar impinging on the buccal gin...Figure 10.15 (a) Left maxillary fourth premolar penetrating gingiva buccal t...
