Читать книгу Blender For Dummies - Jason van Gumster - Страница 5

1 Chapter 1FIGURE 1-1: Blender through the years: Blender 1.8 (top left), Blender 2.46 (to...FIGURE 1-2: Open projects from the Blender Institute help drive Blender develop...FIGURE 1-3: The Blender splash screen.FIGURE 1-4: The default Blender interface.FIGURE 1-5: A typical Blender workspace includes at least one window containing...FIGURE 1-6: Your first pie (menu)!

2 Chapter 2FIGURE 2-1: The Editor Type menu.FIGURE 2-2: Navigation controls at the top right of the 3D Viewport give you fa...FIGURE 2-3: The View menu in the 3D Viewport (left) and the pie menu version of...FIGURE 2-4: The numeric keypad is your ultimate tool for navigating 3D space.FIGURE 2-5: Viewport shading types from the 3D Viewport’s header (left) and fro...FIGURE 2-6: You can control the position and orientation of your 3D cursor from...FIGURE 2-7: The Pivot Point menu in the 3D Viewport’s header (left) and as a pi...FIGURE 2-8: The Snap menu.FIGURE 2-9: Using the Ctrl+Alt+Q hotkey, you can quickly switch between Blender...FIGURE 2-10: You can open a floating Last Operator panel by pressing F9.FIGURE 2-11: The Annotations panel in the View tab of the Sidebar is where you ...FIGURE 2-12: Blender’s integrated search menu is a great way to get familiar wi...FIGURE 2-13: Add any workspace to your Blender window by navigating the menu in...FIGURE 2-14: Customizing a hotkey sequence directly from Blender’s menus.

3 Chapter 3FIGURE 3-1: The Transform Orientations menu from the 3D Viewport’s header (left...FIGURE 3-2: The Global, Local, Normal, Gimbal, View, and Cursor coordinate orie...FIGURE 3-3: Blender gives you an assortment of transform tools: Move, Rotate, S...FIGURE 3-4: The Gizmos menu in the 3D Viewport’s header gives you the ability t...FIGURE 3-5: The Snapping menu.FIGURE 3-6: You can view changes in the 3D Viewport’s header.

4 Chapter 4FIGURE 4-1: On the left, the Mode button allows you to switch between Object mo...FIGURE 4-2: The Modeling workspace gives you quick access to Edit mode and a sc...FIGURE 4-3: The Edit mode Select buttons.FIGURE 4-4: Vertex Select, Edge Select, Face Select, and Combo Select modes.FIGURE 4-5: Use the Viewport Overlays roll-out menu to enable face centers so i...FIGURE 4-6: Border Select, Circle Select, and Lasso Select.FIGURE 4-7: You can open a little Toolbar menu near your mouse cursor by pressi...FIGURE 4-8: Suzanne!FIGURE 4-9: Editing duplicated Suzannes!FIGURE 4-10: Three objects are sharing this datablock.FIGURE 4-11: A data schematic of linked Suzannes.FIGURE 4-12: Linking cubes to Suzanne.FIGURE 4-13: The Outliner is where you manage collections. Four chapters into t...FIGURE 4-14: The Blender File Browser.

5 Chapter 5FIGURE 5-1: From left to right, box modeling, point-for-point modeling, and scu...FIGURE 5-2: You can expand the Toolbar in Blender’s 3D Viewport by clicking its...FIGURE 5-3: Insetting (right) creates a nicer border on a complex shape than ju...FIGURE 5-4: Insetting can cause ugly overlapping intersections at corners.FIGURE 5-5: Clean corners on your inset, thanks to the power of the Merge opera...FIGURE 5-6: Using the Knife tool, you can prepare your mesh for other mesh oper...FIGURE 5-7: The Bisect gizmo allows you to adjust your bisecting cut after you’...FIGURE 5-8: The Bevel tool gives you the ability to add realism to your models ...FIGURE 5-9: The Last Operator panel gives you all the necessary controls for tw...FIGURE 5-10: Using the Spin tool, you can turn flat profiles into beautiful cyl...FIGURE 5-11: Use the Last Operator panel to tweak the number of steps or to hav...FIGURE 5-12: A closed edge loop (left) around a sphere and a terminating edge l...FIGURE 5-13: Some face loops selected on a sphere.FIGURE 5-14: An edge ring selected on a UV sphere.FIGURE 5-15: All the modifiers you can use on mesh objects.FIGURE 5-16: The Array and Bevel modifiers in Modifier Properties.FIGURE 5-17: The Mirror modifier.FIGURE 5-18: Vertex groups are created within the Object Data tab of the Proper...FIGURE 5-19: A cube with increasing levels of subdivision from 1 to 6.FIGURE 5-20: Adding the Subdivision Surface modifier to Suzanne.FIGURE 5-21: The Subdivision Surface modifier.FIGURE 5-22: Using Optimal Display on a mesh with three levels of subdivision.FIGURE 5-23: Filling a room with chairs by using the Array modifier.FIGURE 5-24: (1) Model the step. (2) Add an Empty for Object Offset and rotate ...

6 Chapter 6FIGURE 6-1: Blender’s sculpt tools give you the ability to create highly detail...FIGURE 6-2: The three kinds of image objects: Image Empty, Reference, and Backg...FIGURE 6-3: The Object Data tab of the Properties editor is where you can modif...FIGURE 6-4: The default work environment when you choose File ⇒ New ⇒ Sculp...FIGURE 6-5: Use the Texture panel in Active Tool Properties to make use of a te...FIGURE 6-6: The Multiresolution modifier block.FIGURE 6-7: The Dyntopo panel in Active Tool Properties allows you to enable dy...FIGURE 6-8: Beginning to model with the Poly Build tool. You start with three v...FIGURE 6-9: Using the Poly Build tool to start retopologizing your sculpt.FIGURE 6-10: On the left, a model sculpted with Dyntopo; on the right is the sa...

7 Chapter 7FIGURE 7-1: With the exception of the slats for the seat and back, this entire ...FIGURE 7-2: The Add ⇒ Curve menu.FIGURE 7-3: An arbitrary shape created with Bézier curves (left) and NURBS curv...FIGURE 7-4: The Add ⇒ Surface menu.FIGURE 7-5: The same Bézier curve, cyclic (left) and non-cyclic (right).FIGURE 7-6: The Draw tool’s settings give you a lot of additional power when cr...FIGURE 7-7: Using the curve’s Draw tool along the surface of another object, yo...FIGURE 7-8: The controls for editing curves.FIGURE 7-9: Some of the different things you can do with an extruded curve.FIGURE 7-10: Having fun by adding a bevel object to a Bézier circle.FIGURE 7-11: Using a taper object to control a curve’s lengthwise shape.FIGURE 7-12: Fun with the tilt function! Mmmmmm … twisty.FIGURE 7-13: The same curve with aligned, free, auto, and vector handles.FIGURE 7-14: Decreasing curve weights on a control point, differences between t...FIGURE 7-15: Using lofting to create the hull of a boat.FIGURE 7-16: Merging two metaballs.FIGURE 7-17: The five metaball object primitives.FIGURE 7-18: The Metaball panel.FIGURE 7-19: Taking advantage of the curve-based nature of Blender text objects...FIGURE 7-20: The Object Data tab of the Properties editor, sometimes referred t...FIGURE 7-21: Blender’s File Browser can give you previews of what the fonts on ...FIGURE 7-22: Using the Bold and Italics fonts to use widely different fonts in ...FIGURE 7-23: Wheeeee! Metaletters!FIGURE 7-24: Using text boxes to get multi-column text layouts.FIGURE 7-25: Text on a curve.

8 Chapter 8FIGURE 8-1: From left to right, the same 3D model rendered in Workbench, Eevee,...FIGURE 8-2: The Material tab of the Properties editor with a single basic mater...FIGURE 8-3: Blender’s color picker.FIGURE 8-4: Creating a beach ball with a UV sphere and four material slots.FIGURE 8-5: Material slots on curves, surfaces, and text objects.FIGURE 8-6: A schematic showing a material linked to a mesh and to an object.FIGURE 8-7: Linked duplicates of Suzanne, except they don’t share the same mate...FIGURE 8-8: The paint tools in the Toolbar.FIGURE 8-9: The Active Tool tab of the Properties editor gives you a bunch of s...FIGURE 8-10: You can add multiple layers of vertex colors to a single mesh obje...FIGURE 8-11: On the left, the Surface panel of the Material tab of the Properti...FIGURE 8-12: The Shading workspace is ideal for working with node materials.FIGURE 8-13: Use the Shading rollout to change the HDRI used to light your scen...FIGURE 8-14: From the Shader Editor you can add shaders to your material.FIGURE 8-15: The Principled BSDF node makes our lives as artists easier.FIGURE 8-16: Use the Settings panel in the Material tab of the Properties edito...FIGURE 8-17: The Mix Shader node doesn’t look like much, but there’s a bucketfu...FIGURE 8-18: Suzanne is here, ready to be made angry!FIGURE 8-19: With the ColorRamp node, you can control what parts of Suzanne’s f...FIGURE 8-20: The temperature is rising and Suzanne is getting angry. You wouldn...FIGURE 8-21: The lowly Shader to RGB node. Just wait until you see what this th...FIGURE 8-22: The Shader to RGB node can give you Suzanne with cartoony or comic...

9 Chapter 9FIGURE 9-1: If you render with Cycles, you add textures directly in your materi...FIGURE 9-2: Blender’s texture nodes.FIGURE 9-3: Most texture nodes have a Texture Mapping panel in the Item tab of ...FIGURE 9-4: Using the Texture Coordinate node and the Mapping node to put an im...FIGURE 9-5: Bump mapping is easy. Just connect your texture to the Displacement...FIGURE 9-6: Using the Pointiness socket, you can procedurally add rust on an ob...FIGURE 9-7: Positioning a texture on an object using the UV Project modifier.FIGURE 9-8: UV unwrapping a 3D mesh is like making a map of the Earth. FIGURE 9-9: The UV Editing workspace is, as you might expect, for editing UV co...FIGURE 9-10: The New Image floating panel for adding a test grid image.FIGURE 9-11: An unwrapped Suzanne head.FIGURE 9-12: You can use the Texture Paint workspace to paint textures on your ...FIGURE 9-13: On the left, the Active Tool tab of the Properties editor in Textu...FIGURE 9-14: Create custom textures for painting in Texture Properties.

10 Chapter 10FIGURE 10-1: Different lighting configurations can drastically affect the look ...FIGURE 10-2: A typical three-point lighting setup.FIGURE 10-3: Suzanne, lit with the back light placed a few different ways.FIGURE 10-4: Adding a light in the 3D Viewport.FIGURE 10-5: From left to right, Point, Sun, Spot, and Area lights.FIGURE 10-6: Panels and options available for all light types. On the left are ...FIGURE 10-7: Using a Voronoi texture mapped to a Spot light, you can fake under...FIGURE 10-8: Controls for the Sun lights in Eevee and Cycles.FIGURE 10-9: The angular diameter of a Sun light is the perceived size of the s...FIGURE 10-10: The controls for Spot lights in Eevee and Cycles.FIGURE 10-11: The controls for Area lights in Eevee and Cycles.FIGURE 10-12: Emitting light from any mesh in Cycles is as easy as wiring an Em...FIGURE 10-13: Getting a mesh light to be invisible in your scene requires playi...FIGURE 10-14: To get Look Dev to more faithfully represent your scene lighting,...FIGURE 10-15: World Properties when the active renderer is Cycles (left) and Ee...FIGURE 10-16: Eevee and Cycles treat the World like a material, so most of your...FIGURE 10-17: You can use high dynamic range images (HDRIs) as an environment t...FIGURE 10-18: A node network for generating a flat gradient background in Cycle...FIGURE 10-19: You can control the amount of ambient occlusion (AO) in your scen...FIGURE 10-20: From left to right, with their render times: no ambient occlusion...FIGURE 10-21: From left to right, the Reflection Cube Map, Reflection Plane, an...FIGURE 10-22: The Indirect Lighting panel in Render Properties is where you bak...

11 Chapter 11FIGURE 11-1: Animating the location of the default cube object.FIGURE 11-2: Blender’s Animation workspace is an excellent place to animate.FIGURE 11-3: Right-click any property in the Properties editor to insert a keyf...FIGURE 11-4: The Timeline’s Keying rollout has controls for choosing your activ...FIGURE 11-5: The Keying Sets panel is where you add new custom keying sets.FIGURE 11-6: The properties of your active keying set are listed in the Active ...FIGURE 11-7: Changing the interpolation type on selected f-curve control points...FIGURE 11-8: The four extrapolation modes you can have on f-curves.FIGURE 11-9: The Sidebar (N) in the Graph Editor.FIGURE 11-10: The types of constraints available by default within Blender.FIGURE 11-11: Parenting an object to a vertex group.

12 Chapter 12FIGURE 12-1: The three different looks that the Shape Keys panel provides.FIGURE 12-2: Creating a bug-eyed shape key for Suzanne.FIGURE 12-3: Suzanne with excessively pinched and bulged eyes, just by changing...FIGURE 12-4: Creating a scream shape key.FIGURE 12-5: A cube smoothly deformed by a hook.FIGURE 12-6: An armature object with a single bone. Woohoo!FIGURE 12-7: Three different ways to directly name your bones.FIGURE 12-8: Press Ctrl+F2 to activate Blender’s Batch Rename operator so you c...FIGURE 12-9: Bones that are unparented (top), with an offset parent (middle), a...FIGURE 12-10: Armature-specific tabs in the Properties editor.FIGURE 12-11: The different display types for bones in Blender from top to bott...FIGURE 12-12: Splitting your Properties editor can give you the ability to see ...FIGURE 12-13: The Bendy Bones panel in Bone Properties gives you full control o...FIGURE 12-14: Adjusting Curve In X bends the bone about the X-axis of its head ...FIGURE 12-15: A single bendy bone, currently unbent.FIGURE 12-16: All the various bending, twisting, and scaling you can do on a be...FIGURE 12-17: You can use the Vertex Groups panel to manually create vertex gro...FIGURE 12-18: Envelope weights can give you unpleasant vertex group assignments...FIGURE 12-19: Stickman has an armature for his centerline.FIGURE 12-20: A half-skeleton Stickman!FIGURE 12-21: Stickman with a skeleton in him. He’s almost rigged, but he still...FIGURE 12-22: Adding a root bone to the rig prevents the top of the body from u...FIGURE 12-23: The Stickman rig, now with head control!FIGURE 12-24: A basic IK rig for the legs of Stickman.FIGURE 12-25: A completely working Stickman rig.FIGURE 12-26: Stickman … rigged with sticks!FIGURE 12-27: The Bone Groups panel with controls for bone groups and bone colo...

13 Chapter 13FIGURE 13-1: Using markers, you can add helpful notes to your animated sequence...FIGURE 13-2: Quaternions in action! They’re nearly incomprehensible!FIGURE 13-3: All you have to do is put one foot forward, and Blender handles th...FIGURE 13-4: Using the Action datablock in the Dope Sheet to create a new actio...FIGURE 13-5: An animation screen layout with the Nonlinear Animation editor add...FIGURE 13-6: Using the Sidebar in the Nonlinear Animation editor.FIGURE 13-7: Action strips in the Nonlinear Animation editor, looped and rescal...

14 Chapter 14FIGURE 14-1: Creating a basic particle system.FIGURE 14-2: Creating a wind force that blows your particles into a plane, whic...FIGURE 14-3: Combing hair in Particle Edit mode. Suzanne looks so wise with a m...FIGURE 14-4: On the left, bearded Suzanne rendered in Eevee. On the right, she’...FIGURE 14-5: Dropping a jiggly cube into the scene.FIGURE 14-6: Creating a simple rigid body simulation.FIGURE 14-7: Creating a simple cloth simulation.FIGURE 14-8: Using the Quick Fluid helper feature can get your basic fluid simu...FIGURE 14-9: A simple smoke simulation displayed in the 3D Viewport.FIGURE 14-10: On the left, a smoke simulation rendered in Eevee. On the right i...

15 Chapter 15FIGURE 15-1: Blender’s 2D Animation start file gives you a super-comfortable en...FIGURE 15-2: The only primitives for Grease Pencil: Blank, Stroke, and Monkey (...FIGURE 15-3: Blender’s default Grease Pencil brushes are great, but it’s even b...FIGURE 15-4: Material Properties with a single Grease Pencil material added to ...FIGURE 15-5: Changing the Stroke properties of your Grease Pencil material give...FIGURE 15-6: A single Grease Pencil object with two materials on it, one a dott...FIGURE 15-7: With just a little bit of playing around with materials on Suzanne...FIGURE 15-8: Use the Layers rollout in the 3D Viewport’s Topbar to quickly chan...FIGURE 15-9: The Adjustments sub-panel for Layers lets you modify all the strok...FIGURE 15-10: A visualization of the levels of control Blender gives you of Gre...FIGURE 15-11: Blender gives you almost as many Grease Pencil modifiers as there...FIGURE 15-12: The first stages of a classic bouncing ball animation with Grease...FIGURE 15-13: Bouncing ball pencil test, complete!FIGURE 15-14: One bouncing ball animation, ready for render!FIGURE 15-15: One Grease Pencil rubber ball, ready to be bounced.FIGURE 15-16: It hasn’t been animated yet, but this ball now has a rig and can ...FIGURE 15-17: A hand-drawn ball, drawn once and bounced with technology from th...

16 Chapter 16FIGURE 16-1: To view your renders, choose Full Screen, Image Editor, or New Win...FIGURE 16-2: Use render slots to compare renders between changes.FIGURE 16-3: The Output panel in the Output Properties.FIGURE 16-4: Use the File Output node in Blender’s Compositor to automatically ...

17 Chapter 17FIGURE 17-1: The default Video Editing workspace for when you start a project.FIGURE 17-2: You can edit video and preview it all in the same space using Prev...FIGURE 17-3: Choose AV-sync to ensure that your audio plays back in sync with y...FIGURE 17-4: The Add menu in the Video Sequencer.FIGURE 17-5: You can swap the File Browser with a Graph Editor in the Video Edi...FIGURE 17-6: Common FFmpeg settings for container, video, and audio.

18 Chapter 18FIGURE 18-1: An assembly line approach, similar to layers in GIMP or Photoshop.FIGURE 18-2: Turning a simple assembly line into a complex assembly network.FIGURE 18-3: The Compositing workspace that ships with Blender is the preferred...FIGURE 18-4: Controls for your view layers are all along the right side of the ...FIGURE 18-5: View Layer properties with Eevee as your render engine (left) vers...FIGURE 18-6: Enabling passes adds corresponding output sockets on your view lay...FIGURE 18-7: Setting up the Cryptomatte node for picking your mattes.FIGURE 18-8: Just some objects I picked for making a matte to use elsewhere in ...FIGURE 18-9: Each node has icons at the top that control how you see it in the ...

19 Chapter 19FIGURE 19-1: A camera captures light bouncing off the environment with a lens a...FIGURE 19-2: An interlaced frame is assembled by interleaving neighboring frame...FIGURE 19-3: Start your motion tracking session with the VFX workspace template...FIGURE 19-4: With a video sequence loaded, the Movie Clip Editor has a lot more...FIGURE 19-5: A single tracking marker in Blender’s Movie Clip Editor.FIGURE 19-6: From the Track tab of the Movie Clip Editor’s Sidebar you can get ...FIGURE 19-7: Have Blender automatically detect features in your footage, and yo...FIGURE 19-8: With good tracking data on your video sequence, you may have all k...FIGURE 19-9: The Solve tab of the Movie Clip Editor’s Toolbar is where your 2D ...FIGURE 19-10: Use the Camera and Lens panels in the Track tab of the Movie Clip...FIGURE 19-11: Solving camera motion puts a lot of information in the 3D scene, ...FIGURE 19-12: A simple shot, tracked and solved, with Suzanne added for good me...

20 Chapter 20FIGURE 20-1: A customized workspace to give yourself a more flexible Quad View ...