Читать книгу Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Reptile and Amphibian - Javier G. Nevarez - Страница 49

Anurans can range from 1 cm to 30 cm in length and have glandular skin that may be smooth or have protuberances. Adults lack gills and claws are absent except in Xenopus sp. While anurans lack tails, frogs in the genus Ascaphus are referred to as tailed frogs due to the presence of a cloacal protrusion resembling a tail, which is actually an organ used by the males for copulation and internal fertilization.

Salamanders range from 4 cm to 1.5 m in length, have glandular skin and lack claws. Most have four legs except sirens, which lack pelvic limbs.

Caecilians range from 7.5 cm to 75 cm in length and lack limbs. A short tail is present in some species. A unique feature is the presence of small olfactory and sensory tentacles in the nasolabial groove.

Skeleton

Order	Features
Anurans	4 legs with 4 toes on the front and 5 toes on the back
	Fused vertebrae—presacral, sacral, postsacral
	Lack sacrum
	Pelvic girdle is fused
	Forelimb—scapula, humerus, radioulnar joint, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
	Hind limb—femur, tibiofibular joints, tarsals, metatarsal, phalanges
	Urostyle—fused caudal vertebrae
Caudata	4 legs but hind reduced in mud eels and missing in sirens
	4 toes on the front and 5 toes on the back
	Capable of limb and toe regeneration
	Tail autotomy
Caecilians	Lack pectoral/pelvic girdle and sacrum