Читать книгу Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Reptile and Amphibian - Javier G. Nevarez - Страница 50

Amphibians have a three‐chambered heart with two atria and one ventricle. There is an interatrial septum that is complete in anurans but fenestrated in caecilians and most salamanders. This septum may allow for some mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. A renal portal system is also present. A unique adaptation of amphibians is the presence of an extensive lymphatic system with lymph hearts, lymph sac dilations surrounded by muscle, which allows them to beat independently of the heart. The lymph hearts provide unidirectional flow of lymph to the heart and can beat at a rate of up to 60 beats/minute. The lymph contains all blood components except red cells.