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1 1 Coelho, Paulo. “A Quote from The Devil and Miss Prym.” Goodreads, n.d. https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/62867-when-we-least-expect-it-life-sets-us-a-challenge.

2 2 Slaughter, Anne-Marie. “Forget the Trump Administration. America Will Save America.” The New York Times, March 21, 2020.

3 3 Wall, Mike. “NASA Chief Orders Agency Employees to Work from Home amid Coronavirus Pandemic.” Space.com, March 18, 2020. https://www.space.com/nasa-employees-work-home-coronavirus-pandemic.html.

4 4 Albergotti, Reed, and Faiz Siddiqui. “Ford and GM Are Undertaking a Warlike Effort to Produce Ventilators. It May Fall Short and Come Too Late.” The Washington Post, April 4, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/04/04/ventilators-coronavirus-ford-gm/.

5 5 Slaughter, “Forget the Trump Administration.”

6 6 “Forces of Change: The Future of Work.” Deloitte Insights, n.d. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/4322_Forces-of-change_FoW/DI_Forces-of-change_FoW.pdf.

7 7 Slaughter, “Forget the Trump Administration.”

8 8 Levitan, Richard. “The Infection That's Silently Killing Coronavirus Patients.” The New York Times, April 20, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/20/opinion/sunday/coronavirus-testing-pneumonia.html.

9 9 “Planet Money: The Parable Of The Piston.” Morning Edition. NPR, April 2, 2020.

10 10 Morris, David Z. “Glow Sticks to Surgical Masks: Businesses Pivot to Tackle Coronavirus Shortages.” Fortune, March 26, 2020. https://fortune.com/2020/03/26/coronavirus-businesses-pivot-n95-masks-ventilators-shortage/.

11 11 Fleming, Sean. “How Big Business Is Joining the Fight against COVID-19.” World Economic Forum, March 20, 2020. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/big-business-joining-fight-against-coronavirus/.

12 12 “The Coronavirus Pivot.” The Indicator From Planet Money. NPR, April 2, 2020.

13 13 Ibid.

14 14 O'Brien, Sara Ashley. “Instacart Hired 300,000 Workers in a Month. It Plans to Hire 250,000 More.” CNN, April 24, 2020. https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/23/tech/instacart-hiring-workers/index.html.

15 15 Wood, Charlie. “Uber Will Broaden Out beyond Ride Hailing and Food Delivery during the Pandemic to Courier Packages, Medicine, and Pet Supplies.” Business Insider, April 20, 2020. https://www.businessinsider.com/uber-launches-courier-coronavirus-2020-4.

16 16 “19 Businesses Pivoting in Response to COVID-19.” Maddyness UK, April 15, 2020. https://www.maddyness.com/uk/2020/03/31/19-businesses-pivoting-in-response-to-covid-19/.

17 17 “A Quote by William Gibson.” Goodreads, n.d. https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/681-the-future-is-already-here-it-s-just-not-evenly.

18 18 Seitz, Patrick. “What Are FANG Stocks, and Should You Invest in Them?” Investor's Business Daily, April 27, 2020. https://www.investors.com/news/technology/what-are-fang-stocks-faang-stocks/.

19 19 Brynjolfsson, Erik, and Andrew McAfee. Race against the Machine: How the Digital Revolution Is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy. Lexington, MA: Digital Frontier Press, 2012.

20 20 Malone, Thomas W. Superminds: The Surprising Power of People and Computers Thinking Together. New York: Little, Brown Spark, 2019.

21 21 Callaham, John. “The History of Android OS: Its Name, Origin and More.” Android Authority, February 19, 2020. https://www.androidauthority.com/history-android-os-name-789433/.

22 22 Hyman, Louis, interview with Suzanne Riss and Jeff Schwartz, January 13, 2020.

23 23 Schwartz, Jeff, John Hagel, Maggie Wooll, and Kelly Monahan. “Reframing the Future of Work.” MIT Sloan Management Review, February 20, 2019. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/reframing-the-future-of-work/

24 24 Somers, Meredith. “Are We Encouraging the Wrong AI?” MIT Sloan Management Review, May 8, 2019. https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/are-we-encouraging-wrong-ai.

25 25 “Disruptive Innovation.” Clayton Christensen, October 23, 2012. http://claytonchristensen.com/key-concepts/.

26 26 Moeller, Leslie H., Nick Hodson, and Martina Sangin. “The Coming Wave of Digital Disruption.” Strategy Business, November 30, 2017. https://www.strategy-business.com/article/The-Coming-Wave-of-Digital-Disruption?gko=b9726.

27 27 Christensen, Clayton M. The Innovator's Dilemma. New York, NY: Harper Business, 2011.

28 28 Reier, Sharon, and International Herald Tribune. “Half a Century Later, Economist's ‘Creative Destruction’ Theory Is Apt for the Internet Age : Schumpeter: The Prophet of Bust and Boom.” The New York Times, June 10, 2000. https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/10/your-money/IHT-half-a-century-later-economists-creative-destruction-theory-is.html.

29 29 Ibid.

30 30 Strohmeyer, Robert. “The 7 Worst Tech Predictions of All Time.” PCWorld. IDG, December 31, 2008. https://www.pcworld.com/article/155984/worst_tech_predictions.html.

31 31 Sorrel, Charlie. “More Ballmer Madness: ‘There's No Chance That the iPhone Is Going to Get Any Significant Market Share.'” Wired, May 1, 2007. https://www.wired.com/2007/05/more-ballmer-ma/.

32 32 Strohmeyer, Robert, and PC World. “The 7 Worst Tech Predictions of All Time.” ABC News, December 31, 2008. https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/PCWorld/story?id=6558231.

33 33 “Old Maps—A Brief History of Cartography.” Maps International, April 16, 2019. https://www.mapsinternational.co.uk/blog/old-maps/.

34 34 Larsen, Reif. “A Quote from The Selected Works of T.S. Spivet.” Goodreads. https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/360748-a-map-does-not-just-chart-it-unlocks-and-formulates.

35 35 “Eight Climbers Die on Mt. Everest.” History.com. A&E Television Networks, November 13, 2009. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/death-on-mount-everest .

36 36 “Everest 1953: First Footsteps—Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay.” National Geographic, March 3, 2013. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/features/everest/sir-edmund-hillary-tenzing-norgay-1953/#close.

37 37 Parker, Kim, Rich Morin, and Juliana Menasce Horowitz. “The Future of Work in the Automated Workplace,” Pew Research Center, December 31, 2019. https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2019/03/21/the-future-of-work-in-the-automated-workplace/.

38 38 Lichfield, Gideon. “EmTech Digital 2019.” MIT EmTech Next 2019.

39 39 “The Future of Jobs Report 2018.” World Economic Forum. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2018.pdf.

40 40 Allen, Katie. “Technology Has Created More Jobs than It Has Destroyed, Says 140 Years of Data.” The Guardian, August 18, 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/aug/17/technology-created-more-jobs-than-destroyed-140-years-data-census.

41 41 “The Exponential Primer—Exponential Growth—SU.” Singularity University, n.d. https://su.org/concepts/.

42 42 Ings, Ted. “Henry Ford Disrupted and Reshaped American Society.” Center for Performance Improvement, July 18, 2019. https://www.centerforperformanceimprovement.com/blog/2017/11/26/henry-ford-disrupted-and-reshaped-american-society

43 43 Pethokoukis, James. “What the Story of ATMs and Bank Tellers Reveals about the ‘Rise of the Robots’ and jobs.” AEIdeas, June 6, 2016. https://www.aei.org/economics/what-atms-bank-tellers-rise-robots-and-jobs/

44 44 Bessen, James. “Learning by Doing.” The Library of Economics and Liberty, May 23, 2016. https://www.econtalk.org/james-bessen-on-learning-by-doing/.

45 45 Ibid.

46 46 Bessen, James. “Will Robots Steal Our Jobs? The Humble Loom Suggests Not.” The Washington Post, January 25, 2014. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2014/01/25/what-the-humble-loom-can-teach-us-about-robots-and-automation/.

47 47 Kessler, Sarah. “Over the Last 60 Years, Automation Has Totally Eliminated Just One US Occupation.” Quartz, May 15, 2017. https://qz.com/932516/over-the-last-60-years-automation-has-totally-eliminated-just-one-us-occupation/.

48 48 Fuller, Joseph B., Manjari Raman, Judith Wallenstein, and Alice de Chalendar. “Future Positive.” Harvard Business School, BCG Henderson Institute, May 2019. https://www.hbs.edu/managing-the-future-of-work/research/Documents/Future%20Positive%20Report.pdf.

49 49 Kessler, “Over the Last 40 Years.”

50 50 Wrzesniewski, Amy, interview with Suzanne Riss and Jeff Schwartz, June 17, 2019.

51 51 Maynard Keynes, John. “Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren (1930).” In: Essays in Persuasion. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1932. https://assets.aspeninstitute.org/content/uploads/files/content/upload/Intro_and_Section_I.pdf.

52 52 Brynjolfsson, Erik, and Andrew McAfee, Race against the Machine.

53 53 Hiipakka, Julie, David Mallon, Denise Moulton, and Kathi Enderes. “Capabilities and Skills: The New Currency for Talent.” Deloitte Development LLC, November 27, 2019.

54 54 Gratton, Lynda, and Andrew Scott. The 100-Year Life. London: Bloomsbury Information, 2016.