Читать книгу Transfusion Medicine - Jeffrey McCullough - Страница 58

There is a preponderance of females among first‐time donors [4], but with subsequent donations the ratio shifts to a male preponderance of 60–80% [6, 9], with an overall average of 52% of donors being males [11]. Deferral has a more pronounced effect on first‐time compared with repeat blood donors, and because women are more likely to have a reaction during donation and reactions reduce the likelihood of a donor returning, the gender distribution shifts with advancing age to an increasing percentage of men compared with women. The greatest loss of female donors apparently occurs at about the fourth to eighth donation. In general, the larger the number of lifetime donations the greater is the male preponderance [9]. It seems likely that the shift from female to male donors with increasing numbers of donations is a result of deferral of women in the childbearing age who become iron deficient from menstrual blood loss.

As demographics have changed, there has been an increase in nonbinary gender donors, leading to changes in screening. Further complicating the process are programs of preexposure prophylaxis medication for individuals at risk for acquiring HIV.