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It is hard to get an accurate estimate of the world performing arts industry, but most of the income stems from box revenues and a significant share from private funding, including arts sales on commission and on location.¹¹⁹

The problem of counting the revenues of performing arts is shown by an American economic report on the non-profit arts and culture organizations.¹²⁰ According to this report, about 100,000 non-profit organizations enjoy and inspire Americans in thousands of towns and cities. They generate billions of dollars in revenues for local businesses that supply them with merchandise and services, as well as pay taxes, employ millions of people, and are a cornerstone of tourism. In the US, they created revenues of $166 billion in 2005, up from $134 billion in 2000 and $75 billion in 1990, of which 40 percent came from organizations and 60 percent from event-related spending by their audiences, equivalent to several million jobs. These numbers include the wider economic impact of non-profit arts performance organizations, however. Direct revenues and income are much smaller, perhaps $10 billion.

Box office revenues in profit arts performing companies were also an estimated $10 billion in 2005, including estimated private funding of $5 billion. It makes a total of $25 billion for the US in 2005 and $15 billion for profit companies. Total West European arts performance revenues are probably of the same size as the US numbers, as are the revenues of the rest of the world. Including non-profit arts performance organizations, it results in a world total of $75 billion in 2005, with a projected $90bn in 2010 (Table 8).

The English-language profit performing arts are centred on New York’s Broadway and London’s West End. Succeeding plays and musicals are the revenue drivers of these two centres, and they are often staged in other parts of the world, too. Large audiences are also found in opera houses and theatres. From 2000 to 2005, Broadway shows had an annual audience of 11 to 12 million people in New York and a similar audience on road shows, American opera houses 5 to 6 million and non-profit professional theatres and symphony orchestras each about 30 million.

TABLE 8 The Global Performing Arts Market in $bn, 2001-2010

Source: Howkins. The Creative Economy, 102-103. US Census (2007). Statistical Abstracts/Performing Arts: www.census.gov. Americans for the Arts. Arts & Economic Prosperity III. The Economic Impact of Non-Profit Arts Organizations.