Читать книгу Hebrew For Dummies - Jill Suzanne Jacobs - Страница 53
Detecting adverbs
ОглавлениеLike English, most Hebrew adverbs are similar to adjectives — just with different endings. When you use an adjective as an adverb, you don't conjugate it; it stays in the masculine singular form. Here are a couple of examples:
הוּא כּוֹתֵב יָפֶה (hoo koh-tehv yah-feh; He writes nicely.)
הִיא כּוֹתֶבֶת יָפֶה (hee koh-teh-veht yah-feh; She writes nicely.)
Note that although the pronoun and the verb conjugation changes — in this case from masculine singular to feminine singular — the adverb remains unchanged.
You can also make an adverb by adding the prefix בְּ’ (buh; in or with) to a noun. שִׂמְחָה (seem-chah; happiness), for example, becomes בְּשִׂמְחָה (buh-seem-chah; happily).
A third way to make an adverb is to take an adjective and add the suffix ut (oot) to make a noun. Then you add the prefix בְּשִׂמְחָה (buh; in or with) to make the adverb. עָדִין (ah-deen; gentle), for example, becomes עֲדִינוּת (ah-dee-noot; gentleness), and with a prefix בַּ, it becomes בעדינות (buh-ah-dee-noot; gently).
A fourth way to make an adverb is to add the word בְּאֹפֶן (buh-oh-fehn; in the way of) in front of an adjective. אוֹהוֹמָתִי (oh-toh-mah-tee; automatic), for example, becomes בְּאֹפֶן אוֹהוֹמָתִי (buh-oh-fehn oh-toh-mah-tee; automatically).
Table 2-9 lists some common adverbs.
TABLE 2-9 Common Adverbs
Hebrew | Pronunciation | Translation |
---|---|---|
בְּאֹפֶן סֵדֶר | buh-oh-fehn sah-deer | regularly |
בְּסֵדֶר | buh-seh-dehr | okay |
בְּשִׂמְחָה | buh-sim-chah | gladly |
בְּסוֹדִיּוּת | buh-soh-dee-yoot | secretly |
בִּמְהִירוּת | bim-hee-root | quickly, speedily |
בִּבְרָכָה | beev-rah-chah | blessedly |
דָּבְקָה | dahv-kah | ironically, spitefully |
הֵיהֵב | heh-tehv | well |
לְאַה | luh-aht | slowly |
מָהִיר | mah-hehr | quickly |
מְאֻחָר | meh-oo-ḥar | late |
מֻקְדָּם | mook-dahm | early |
יָפֶה | yah-feh | nicely |