Читать книгу The California ELD Standards Companion, Grades 6-8 - Jim Burke - Страница 21

What the Teacher Does

Collaborative discussions remain an important element of instruction in Grade 6. As with reading and writing, students now refer to evidence on the topic, text, or issue during discussions. Students demonstrate understanding of multiple perspectives through reflection and paraphrasing during discussions as well.

Teachers guide students to develop their collaboration and discussion skills by using techniques that promote productive and equitable group work. Methods such as reciprocal teaching, expert group jigsaw, and literature circles can provide students with structured opportunities to engage in collaborative discussions as they grapple with understanding a selection of text. These strategies may involve assigning students specific roles for their small-group discussions. Teachers should take time to teach students the responsibilities of each role so they can work independently when they break into small groups (p. 558).

 At this stage of development, students desire to become more independent, including in their conversations. As such, group structures, including procedures and norms, can be used to build independence within group conversations. Students will need modeling and guidance to be successful with group work, and group roles can assist with success during productive group work. For example, roles such as summarizing, questioning, predicting, and connecting should be modeled and practiced as entire class, before students work on these roles independently in groups. Additionally, sentence frames that are specific to each role can be given, including: “My summary of the most important ideas is ______” or “My prediction and evidence are ______.” Group norms and procedures—including classroom noise level and time frames—should also explicitly be taught, so that students know how to work in groups. Once students practice these roles enough, they will gain more independence and success with each role.