Читать книгу Japanese Kanji Power - John Millen - Страница 10
Оглавление71
花
a flower
力 KA はな hana
The character 花 combines plants and change 化 to indicate the flowering of a plant.
GR1 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 毎年、春先は花粉症になる。
Maitoshi, harusaki wa kafunshō ni naru.
I suffer from hay fever every year in early spring.
2. お祝いに花を贈ったらどう？
Oiwai ni hana o okuttara do?
Why don't we send flowers to celebrate?
3. 花火を見に行こう。
Hanabi o mi ni ikō.
Let's go watch the fireworks.
4. 花嫁さんはきれいだなあ。
Hanayome-san wa kirei da nā.
The bride is so gorgeous!
5. アメリカで生け花を教えていました。
Amerika de ikebana o oshiete imashita.
I've been teaching ikebana (flowor arrangement) in the U.S.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 花粉症 | kafunshō | hay fever |
| 開花 | kaika | blooming; to blossom |
| 花瓶 | kabin | a (flower) vase |
| 花嫁 | hanayome | a bride |
| 生け花 | ikebana | ikebana; Japanese flower arrangement |
| 花見 | hanami | cherry-blossom viewing |
| 化束 | hanataba | a bunch of flowers |
72
貝
a seashell
かい kai
The character 貝 originally depicted a bivalve, although it presently looks more like an overhead view of a single shell with feelers.
GR1 N2
Example Sentences
1. きれいな貝殻を拾った。
Kirei na kaigara o hirotta.
I picked up some beautiful shells.
2. 貝の刺身はあまり好きじやない。
Kai no sashimi wa amari suki ja nai.
I don't like raw shellfish very much.
3. その話になると彼は貝のようにかたくロを閉ざした。
Sono hanashi ni naru to kare wa kai no yō ni kataku kuchi o tozashita.
When the subject came up, he clammed right up.
4. 繩文時代の貝塚が発掘された。
Jōmon jidai no kaizuka ga hakkutsu sareta.
They have excavated shell mounds from the Jōmon Period.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 貝殻 | kaigara | a shell; a seashell |
| 貝柱 | kaibashira | a shellfish (ligament) |
| 巻き貝 | makigai | a spiral shell; a conch |
| 二枚貝 | nimai-gai | a bivalve |
| 赤貝 | akagai | an ark shell |
| ほら貝 | horagai | a trumpet shell |
| 貝塚 | kaizuka | a shell mound; a midden |
EXERCISE 6 (61 – 72)
A. Give the readings for the following.
1. 二百
2. 耳
3. 名
4. 貝
5. 糸
6. 何人
7. 多かった
8. 西日
9. 今年
10. お先に
B. Rewrite the following using kanji and kana.
1. はな (flower)
2. いきさき
3. せんせい
4. としうえ
5. おおめ
6. ほくせい
7. なにも
8. まいにち
9. たぶん
10. さんびゃくねん
C. Give the English meanings for the following.
1. 百円玉
2. パンの耳
3. 生け花
4. 毎月
5. 糸口
6. 多少
7. 何日
8. 先月
9. 二十名
10. 八百円
Review 2 (1 – 72)
A. Give the readings for the following.
1. 貝
2. 西口
3. 先生
4. 千九百六十四年
5. 生年月日
6. 白い糸
7. 先月
8. 何もない
9. 生け花
10. 何人
11. パンの耳
12. 多い
13. お先に
14. 毎日
15. 三百本
B. Give the English meanings of the following.
1. 六年生
2. 今日の天気
3. 空気
4. 多分
5. 四ヵ月
6. 白い
7. 古い
8. 国立
9. 会いたい
10. バスで行く
11. 今年
12. 五百円玉
13. 少し
14. 三千六百円
15. 安い
C. Fill in the kanji according to the meanings provided.
1. はなび (fireworks)___ ___
2. まいとし (every year)___ ___
3. はちねんめ (the eighth year)___ ___ ___
4. いとぐち (a beginning; a clue)___ ___
5. はんとし (a half year)___ ___
6. きのした (under a tree) ___の___
7. ともだち (friend) ___だち
8. ほんみょう (one’s real name)___ ___
9. みぎて (the right hand)___ ___
10. なんにち (What day of the month?)___ ___
11. しょうねん (a boy; a lad)___ ___
12. しがつついたち (April 1st) 四 ___一___
13. じゅうえんだま (a ten-yen coin)___ ___ ___
D. Match the following with their readings.
| 1. 左へ | ( ) | a. tadai na | |
| 2. 本日 | ( ) | b. nannenme | |
| 3. 年上 | ( ) | c. fubo | |
| 4. 名まえ | ( ) | d. happyaku | |
| 5. 右目 | ( ) | e. honjitsu | |
| 6. 多大な | ( ) | f. namae | |
| 7. 行き先 | ( ) | g. migime | |
| 8. 中西先生 | ( ) | h. toshiue | |
| 9. 石川 | ( ) | i. Nakanishi-sensei | |
| 10. 左右 | ( ) | j. sayū | |
| 11. 西日本 | ( ) | k. sekiyu | |
| 12. 父母 | ( ) | l. ikisaki | |
| 13. 八百 | ( ) | m. Ishikawa | |
| 14. 何年目 | ( ) | n. hidari e | |
| 15. 石ゆ | ( ) | o. Nishi Nihon |
E. Match the following with their English meanings.
| 1. 休む | ( ) | a. the other day |
| 2. 先日 | ( ) | b. middle age |
| 3. 外に出る | ( ) | c. to have a rest |
| 4. 中年 | ( ) | d. younger; junior |
| 5. 生糸 | ( ) | e. eight people |
| 6. 八名 | ( ) | f. raw silk |
| 7. 母 | ( ) | g. to go outside |
| 8. 北西 | ( ) | h. my mother |
| 9. 四分の一 | ( ) | i. a petal |
| 10. 耳たぶ | ( ) | j. an earlobe |
| 11. 多少 | ( ) | k. Why; What for? |
| 12. 何で | ( ) | l. born in March |
| 13. 年下 | ( ) | m. more or less |
| 14. 花びら | ( ) | n. northwest |
| 15. 三月生まれ | ( ) | o. one quarter |
73
見
to see; to show; to look; to watch
ケン KEN み • る mi(ru) み • せる mi(seru)
The character 見 combines the characters for eye 目 and person 人, and represents a person looking with his eyes.
GR1 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 自分の意見を言いなさい。
Jibun no iken o iinasai.
Express your own opinion!
2. 行方不明の美術品が発見された。
Yukue fumei no bijutsuhin ga hakken sareta.
The missing artwork was found.
3. 首相は記者会見した。
Shushō wa kisha kaiken shita.
The prime minister held a press conference.
4. 今、テレビで新番組を見ている。
Ima, terebi de shinbangumi o mite iru.
I'm watching a new program on TV.
5. 定期券を見せる必要はない。
Teikiken o miseru hitsuyō wa nai.
There's no need to show your commuter pass.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 思見 | iken | an opinion; an idea |
| 発見 | hakken | a discovery |
| 記者会見 | kisha kaiken | a press conference |
| 見物 | kenbutsu | sightseeing |
| 見学 | kengaku | a study tour; a visit |
| 見当 | kentō | a guess; an estimate |
| 見本 | mihon | a model; a sample |
74
言
word; to say
ゲン GEN ゴン GON い • う i(u) こと koto
The character 言 depicted a knife pointing down at a mouth, suggesting the clear-cut pronunciation of sounds to form words.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 裁判で証言することになった。
Saiban de shōgen suru koto ni natta.
I ended up giving evidence in the trial.
2. 大学で言語学を専攻した。
Daigaku de gengogaku o senkō shita.
I majored in linguistics at college.
3. 遺言を書いておきましょう。
Yuigon o kaite okimashō.
I'm going to draw up a will.
4. もう一度言って下さい。
Mō ichido itte kudasai.
Please say that again.
5. あの人の言葉は一生忘れられない。
Ano hito no kotoba wa isshō wasurerarenai.
I'll never forget what he said to me.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 証言 | shōgen | evidence; testimony |
| 発言 | hatsugen | a speech; a proposal |
| 言語 | gengo | language; speech |
| 通言 | yuigon | one's will; dying words |
| 言葉 | kotoba | a word; a language; an expression |
| —言 | hitokoto | a word; a comment |
| ひとり言 | hitori-goto | talking to oneself; a soliloquy |
75
車
a vehicle; a car
シャ SHA くるま kuruma
The character 車 depicts the two wheels and carriage of a palanquin viewed from above.
GR1 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. ここは駐車禁止です。
Koko wa chūsha kinshi desu.
No parking here.
2. 前から三両目の車両に乗っていた。
Mae kara sanryōme no sharyō ni notte ita.
He was in the third carriage from the front of the train.
3. 風車による発電をよく見かける。
Fūsha ni yoru hatsuden o yoku mikakeru.
Windmills being used to generate electricity are a common sight.
4. 車庫から車を出してあげましょうか。
Shako kara kuruma o dashite agemashō ka.
Shall I get the car out of the garage for you?
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 駐車 | chūsha | parking |
| 車両 | sharyō | a railroad car; a coach |
| 風車 | fūsha / kazaguruma | a windmill / a pinwheel |
| 自動車 | jidōsha | an automobile |
| 発車 | hassha | the start / departure of a train |
| 下車 | gesha | getting off a train or bus |
| 乳母車 | ubaguruma | a baby carriage; a pram |
76
社
a company; a Shinto shrine
シャ SHA やしろ yashiro
The character 社 combines ground 土 and altar ネ, the makings of a shrine.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 中国も車社会になりつつある。
Chūgoku mo kuruma shakai ni naritsutsu aru.
China is also becoming a society that is increasingly dependent on cars.
2. 仲間と三人で小さな会社を作った。
Nakama to sannin de chiisa na kaisha o tsukutta.
Two colleagues and myself formed a small company.
3. 去年の四月に入社しました。
Kyonen no shigatsu ni nyūsha shimashita.
I joined the firm in April of last year.
4. 神社にお参りに行(い)った。
Jinja ni omairi ni itta.
I visited a Shinto shrine.
5. 春から本社へ転勤になりました。
Haru kara honsha e tenkin ni narimashita.
I was transferred to the head office this spring.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 社会 | shakai | society; the world |
| 会社 | kaisha | a company; a firm |
| 入社 | nyūsha | joining a company |
| 本社 | honsha | a head office |
| 商社 | shōsha | a trading company |
| 新聞社 | shinbunsha | a newspaper publishing company |
| 神社 | Jinja | a Shinto shrine |
77
足
foot; leg; to be enough; to add
ソク SOKU あし ashi た •りる ta(riru) た • す ta(su)
The character 足 represents the shape of the lower part of the leg, beneath the knee joint.
GR1 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 来週、高尾山に遠足に行きます。
Raishū, Takao-zan ni ensoku ni ikimasu.
I'm going on an excursion to Mount Takao next week.
2. 最近の若い人は、足が長い。
Saikin no wakai hito wa, ashi ga nagai.
Young people these days have long legs.
3. 時間が足りない。
Jikan ga tarinai.
There isn't enough time.
4. 独身男性の多くは、野菜不足だ。
Dokushin dansei no ōku wa, yasai busoku da.
A lot of single men are not eating enough vegetables.
5. 父は田舍で自給自足の暮らしを始めた。
Chichi wa inaka de jikyū jisoku no kurashi o hajimeta.
My father started living by himself in the country.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 遠足 | ensoku | an excursion; a trip |
| 満足 | manzoku | satisfaction |
| 不足 | fusoku | a shortage; a lack of |
| 土足 | dosoku | with one's shoes on |
| 三足 | sansoku | three pairs (of socks) |
| 自給自足 | jikyū jisoku | self-sufficiency |
| 足首 | ashikubi | an ankle |
78
男
a man; a male
ダン DAN ナン NAN おとこ otoko *お o
The character 男 combines characters for 田 rice paddy and 力 strength and indicates a man working.
GR1 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 男性用のかつらがよく売れている。
Dansei-yō no katsura ga yoku urete iru.
Wigs for men are selling well.
2. 歌舞伎は男優ばかりの芝居です。
Kabuki wa danyū bakari no shioai desu.
Kabuki is a form of drama involving only male actors.
3. 長男とは結婚したくないわ。
Chōnan to wa kekkon shitakunai wa.
I don't want to marry an eldest son!
4. あの背の高い男の人は誰？
Ano se no takai otoko no hito wa dare?
Who is that tall man?
5. 小さな男の子が迷子になっています。
Chiisa na otoko-no-ko ga maigo ni natte imasu.
A little boy is lost.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 男性 | dansei | a man; a male; masculine |
| 男優 | danyū | an actor |
| 男女 | danjo | male and female |
| 長男 | chōnan | the eldest son |
| 次男 | jinan | a second son |
| 男の子 | otoko no ko | a boy; a male child |
| 大男 | ō-otoko | a tall / large man |
79
来
to come; to cause; to bring about
ライ RAI く • る ku(ru) きた•す kita(su) きた • る kita(ru)
The character 来 derived from a pictograph of wheat. The meaning of come perhaps was connected with wheat having been brought from a distant country.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 未来のことはだれも知らない。
Mirai no koto wa dare mo shiranai.
No one knows what the future holds.
2. お正月以来会っていませんね。
Oshōgatsu irai atte imasen ne.
We haven't seen each other since New Year's.
3. 電車が来た。
Densha ga kita.
The train has arrived.
4. コンピューターがダウンして仕事に支障を来した。
Konpyūtā ga daun shite shigoto ni shishō o kitashita.
The computer being down hindered my work.
5. 大統領が来日した。
Daitōryō ga rainichi shita.
The President came to Japan.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 未来 | mirai | the future |
| 以来 | irai | since then; from that time |
| 来日 | rainichi | coming to Japan |
| 来月 | raigetsu | next month |
| 本来 | honrai | originally; naturally |
| 由来 | yurai | the origin; derived from |
| 来客 | raikyaku | a caller; a visitor |
80
雨
rain
ゥ U あめ ame *あま ama *さめ same *ゆ yu
The character 雨 combines three things: heaven 一, clouds and rain falling.
GR1 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. あそこは雨量が多い地方です。
Asoko wa uryō ga ōi chihō desu.
That region has high rainfall.
2. 急に雨が降ってきた。
Kyū ni ame ga futte kita.
It suddenly started to rain.
3. あしたの天気予報は大雨だ。
Ashita no tenki yohō wa ōame da.
Heavy rain is forecast for tomorrow.
4. 小雨なら傘は要らない。
Kosame nara kasa wa iranai.
I won't need an umbrella if it's just drizzling.
5. 梅雨の頃は蒸し暑い。
Tsuyu no koro wa mushiatsui.
It's muggy during the rainy season.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 雨量 | uryō | the amount of rainfall |
| 豪雨 | gōu | heavy rain; a downpour |
| 暴風雨 | bōfūu | a windy rainstorm |
| 大雨 | ōame | heavy rain |
| *小雨 | kosame | light rain; drizzle |
| *雨漏り | amamori | a leak in the roof |
| *梅雨 | tsuyu / baiu | the rainy season |
81
学
learning; to study
ガク GAKU まな • ぶ mana(bu)
The character 学 can be thought of as a child 子 under a roof , to suggest learning.
GR1 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 大学で英語を勉強した。
Daigaku de eigo o benkyō shita.
I studied English at university.
2. 数学は苦手だった。
Sūgaku wa nigate datta.
I was poor at mathematics.
3. 三年間スウェーデンに留学した。
Sannenkan Suēden ni ryūgaku shita.
I went to Sweden to study for three years.
4. 医学博士の学位をとった。
Igaku hakase no gakui o totta.
I received my doctorate in medicine.
5. 少しドイツ語を学んだ。
Sukoshi doitsugo o mananda.
I learned a little German.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 大学 | daigaku | a university; a college |
| 数学 | sūgaku | mathematics |
| 留学 | ryūgaku | studying abroad |
| 学位 | gakui | an academic degree |
| 学生 | gakusei | a student |
| 小学生 | shōgakusei | elementary school student |
| 学校 | gakkō | a school |
82
金
money; gold
キン KIN コン KON かね kane *かな kana
The character 金 represents treasures in the ground 土 with a covering over them. The treasures are gold.
GR1 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 現金で払います。
Genkin de haraimasu.
I'll pay in cash.
2. 弟は金属アレルギーがある。
Otōto wa kinzoku arerugii ga aru.
My younger brother is allergic to metals.
3. 来週の水木金は休みます。
Raishū no sui-moku-kin wa yasumimasu.
Next week I will take Wednesday, Thursday and Friday off.
4. あら！お金がない！
Ara! Okane ga nai!
Oh, no! I don't have any money!
5. バッグの金具が壊れた。
Baggu no kanagu ga kowareta.
The clasp on my handbag broke.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 現金 | genkin | cash |
| 金属 | kinzoku | a metal |
| 金曜日 | kinyōbi | Friday |
| 税金 | zeikin | a tax |
| 料金 | ryōkin | a fee; a charge; a fare |
| 黄金 | ōgon | (yellow) gold |
| 金具 | kanagu | metal parts |
83
空
sky; emptiness
クウ KŪ そら sora あ • く a(ku) あ• ける a(keru) から kara
The character 空 combines hole 穴 and work upon エ. This concept suggests a room, which encloses space. From this came the meaning of sky and emptiness.
GR1 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 成田空港は都心から遠い。
Narita kūkō wa toshin kara tōi.
Narita Airport is far from the city center.
2. 空がきれいだなあ。
Sora ga kirei da nā.
The sky is so beautiful!
3. あの歌を空で覚えている。
Ano uta o sora de oboete iru.
I know that song by heart.
4. この席は、空いてますか。
Kono seki wa, aitemasu ka.
Is this seat free?
5. 空き缶はくずかごに。
Akikan wa kuzukago ni.
Dispose of your empty cans in the trash bin.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 空港 | kūko | an airport |
| 空車 | kūsha | an empty taxi |
| 空白 | kūhaku | a blank; an empty space |
| 星空 | hoshizora | a starry sky |
| 空箱 | karabako | an empty box, case |
| 空手 | karate | karate |
| 空き缶 | akikan | an empty can |
84
国
country
コク KOKU くに kuni
The character 国 combines jewels 玉 and enclosure ロ, suggesting that a country is a land of treasures.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 国際会議に出席する予定です。
Kokusai kaigi ni shusseki suru yotei desu.
I'm planning to attend an international conference.
2. 遠足で、日光国立公園に行く。
Ensoku de, Nikkō kokuritsu kōen ni iku.
I'm going to Nikko National Park on an excursion.
3. 国産車に乗っています。
Kokusansha ni notte imasu.
I drive a Japanese-made car.
4. 国語の授業は好きだった。
Kokugo no jugyō wa suki datta.
I liked my Japanese language classes.
5. お国はどちらですか。
Okuni wa dochira desu ka.
Where are you from?
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 国産 | kokusan | domestically produced / grown |
| 国民 | kokumin | the people; a national |
| 国籍 | kokuseki | nationality; citizenship |
| 外国人 | gaikokujin | foreigner; people from other countries |
| 島国 | shimaguni | an island country |
| 国連 | kokuren | the United Nations |
EXERCISE 7 (73 – 84)
A. Give the readings for the following in hiragana or rōmaji.
1. 来る
2. 見える
3. 足りる
4. 社会
5. 見学
6. 空く
7. 車を出す
8. 大学生
9. 男の子
10. お金
B. Give the English meanings of the following words.
1. 来月
2. 下車
3. 一言
4. 外国人
5. 男女
6. 本社
7. 見本
8. 小学生
9. 大雨
10. 来日
C. Match the following with their readings.
| 1. 四足 | ( ) | a. kūhaku | |
| 2. 空車 | ( ) | b. kuruma-shakai | |
| 3. 空手 | ( ) | c. karate | |
| 4. 男子 | ( ) | d. kūsha | |
| 5. 小雨 | ( ) | e. daigaku | |
| 6. 国産 | ( ) | f. kaisha | |
| 7. 本来 | ( ) | g. yonsoku | |
| 8. 中学生 | ( ) | h. ō-otoko | |
| 9. 車社会 | ( ) | i. danshi | |
| 10. 大学 | ( ) | j. honrai | |
| 11. 大男 | ( ) | k. ōame | |
| 12. 大雨 | ( ) | l. kokusan | |
| 13. 会社 | ( ) | m. chūgakusei | |
| 14. 国立 | ( ) | n. kokuritsu | |
| 15. 空白 | ( ) | o. kosame |
85
長
long
チョウ CHŌ なが • い naga(i)
The character 長 derived from a pictograph of a long-haired old man with a walking stick, suggesting a long passage of time.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 部長の話はいつも長い。
Buchō no hanashi wa itsumo nagai.
The department chief is always long-winded.
2. 子供の成長が楽しみです。
Kodomo no seichō ga tanoshimi desu.
I enjoy watching the children grow up.
3. この製品の特長は小さいことです。
Kono seihin no tokuchō wa chiisai koto desu.
This product's best feature is its compactness.
4. 社長からお電話です。
Shachō kara odenwa desu.
The company president is on the line.
5. 長い髪を乾かすのに時間がかかる。
Nagai kami o kawakasu no ni jikan ga kakaru.
It takes some time to dry my long hair.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 部長 | buchō | a department/division chief |
| 成長 | seichō | growth |
| 特長 | tokuchō | a strong point; a strength |
| 身長 | shinchō | one's height |
| 店長 | tenchō | a store manager |
| 長年 | naganen | many years; a long time |
| 長持ち | nagamochi | endurance; durability |
86
店
a shop; a store
テン TEN みせ mise *たな tana
The character 店 combines roof and arrange 占, suggesting a place where objects are arranged and sold; i.e., a shop.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 売店で新聞を買った。
Baiten de shinbun o katta.
I bought a newspaper at the kiosk.
2. 閉店は七時です。
Heiten wa shichji desu.
The store closes at 7:00.
3. 私は広告代理店に勤めています。
Watashi wa kōkoku dairiten ni tsutomete imasu.
I work for an advertising agency.
4. この店は何時まで開いていますか。
Kono mise wa nanji made aite imasu ka.
What time is this store open until?
5. 喫茶店で休んでいきませんか。
Kissaten de yasunde ikimasen ka?
Would you like to stop at a coffee shop for a break?
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 売店 | baiten | a stand; a kiosk |
| 閉店 | heiten | closing a shop; shutting up shop |
| 代理店 | dairiten | an agency; an agent |
| 本店 | honten | the main store |
| 喫茶店 | kissaten | a cafe; a coffee shop |
| 店員 | ten'in | a store employee |
| 店じまい | mise-jimai | closing a business (a store) |
87
東
east
トウ TŌ ひがし higashi
The character 東 combines tree 木 and sun 日, representing the morning sun rising in the east behind some tree branches.
GR1 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 中東に長く住んでいました。
Chūtō ni nagaku sunde imashita.
I lived in the Middle East for a long time.
2. 東洋といっても、様々な文化があります。
Tōyō to itte mo samazama na bunka ga arimasu.
The Orient actually consists of many cultures.
3. 関東地方のニュースをお伝えします。
Kantō chihō no nyūsu o otsutae shimasu.
And now for the Kantō regional news.
4. 東名高速を使うと早く着く。
Tōmei kōsoku o tsukau to hayaku tsuku.
Using the Tōmei (Tōkyō-Nagoya) Expressway will be quicker.
5. シルクロードの東の果てが日本です。
Shiruku rodo no higashi no hate ga Nihon / Nippon desu.
The easternmost extremity of the Silk Road is Japan.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 中東 | chūtō | the Middle East |
| 東洋 | tōyō | the Orient; the East |
| 関東 | Kantō | the Kanto region |
| 東海 | Tōkai | the Tokai region |
| 北東 | hokutō | north-east |
| 東西南北 | tōzai nanboku | north, south, east and west |
| 東風 | higashi-kaze | an east wind |
88
後
after; behind; later; the back; to be late
ゴ GO コウ KŌ のち nochi あと ato うし • ろ ushi(ro) おく • れる oku(reru)
The character 後 combines advance 彳, little and foot 夂, in reference to someone who is walking slowly, and thus falling behind.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 午後なら時間があります。
Gogo nara jikan ga arimasu.
I'll have time in the afternoon.
2. 私達は試合の後半で逆転した。
Watashitachi wa shiai no kōhan de gyakuten shita.
The tables turned in our favor in the second half of the match.
3. 後ほどお電話いたします。
Nochihodo odenwa itashimasu.
I will call you later.
4. 後でまた掛け直します。
Ato de mata kakenaoshimasu.
I'll call you back later.
5. 列の後ろに並んで下さい。
Retsu no ushiro ni narande kudasai.
Please go to the end of the line.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 最後 | saigo | the last; the end |
| 今後 | kongo | in the future; from now on |
| 後半 | kōhan | the latter half |
| 後輩 | kōhai | one's junior |
| 後世 | kōsei | later ages; posterity |
| 後味 | atoaji | an aftertaste |
| 後ろ足 | ushiroashi | a hind leg, paw |
89
食
food; eating; to eat
シヨク SHOKU *ジキ JIKI た • べる ta(beru) く • う ku(u)
The character 食 derived from a pictograph of a tall vessel filled with food and covered by a
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 食後に薬を飲んでいる。
Shokugo ni kusuri o nonde iru.
I take my medication after meals.
2. 今夜は月食が見られる。
Konya wa gesshoku ga mirareru.
We can see a lunar eclipse tonight.
3. 今晩は、何を食べようか。
Konban wa, nani o tabeyō ka.
What shall we have to eat this evening?
4. 蚊に食われてかゆい。
Ka ni kuwarete kayui.
I've been bitten by a mosquito and it's itchy.
5. 彼は厳格な菜食主義者だ。
Kare wa genkaku na saishoku shugisha da.
He is a strict vegetarian.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 食後 | shokugo | after meals; after eating |
| 食事 | shokuji | a meal; dining |
| 食欲 | shokuyoku | an appetite |
| 定食 | teishoku | a set-course meal |
| 朝食 | chōshoku | breakfast |
| 食べ放題 | tabehōdai | eating as much as one likes |
| 菜食主義者 | saishoku shugisha | a vegetarian |
90
前
before; the front
ゼン ZEN まえ mae
The character 前 combines boat 月, foot and sword リ. From the idea of cutting off the rope and pushing off from shore comes the meaning advance, which evolved to before.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 前回はいつお越しになりましたか。
Zenkai wa itsu okoshi ni narimashita ka.
When was the last time you came?
2. その人とは前に会ったことがある。
Sono hito to wa mae ni atta koto ga aru.
I've met that person before.
3. 駅前にタクシー乗り場がある。
Ekimae ni takushii noriba ga aru.
There is a taxi stand in front of the station.
4. ラーメンを二人前出前して下さい。
Rāmen o nininmae demae shite kudasai.
Could I have two bowls of ramen delivered, please?
5. そのTシャツ後ろ前じやない。
Sono T-shatsu ushiromae ja nai.
You have that T-shirt on back to front, don't you?
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 前回 | zenkai | the last occasion |
| 五日前 | itsuka-mae | five days ago |
| 直前 | chokuzen | immediately before |
| 駅前 | ekimae | in front of (outside) a station |
| 二人前 | nininmae | two portions |
| 出前 | demae | a restaurant delivery service |
| 後ろ前 | ushiromae | back to front |
91
南
south
ナン NAN *ナ NA みなみ minami
The character 南 can be thought of as ten 十 houses with plants growing inside a reference to villages in southern areas.
GR1 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. ペンギンはもともと南極の鳥です。
Pengin wa motomoto nankyoku no tori desu.
Penguins are from Antarctica.
2. 沖繩は日本の南西地方です。
Okinawa wa Nippon no nansei chihō desu.
Okinawa occupies the southwestern region of Japan.
3. 東南アジアの島でのんびり休暇を楽しんだ。
Tōnan Ajia no shima de nonbiri kyūka o tanoshinda.
I enjoyed my holiday relaxing on an island in Southeast-Asia.
4. 夜空に南十字星が輝いていた。
Yozora ni minami jūjisei ga kagayaite ita.
The Southern Cross shone in the night sky.
5. 南向きで2DKの部屋を探しています。
Minami-muki de 2DK no heya o sagashite imasu.
I'm looking for an apartment with two rooms and a kitchen-dining area, facing the south.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 南極 | nankyoku | the Antarctic; the South Pole |
| 南西 | nansei | southwest |
| 東南 | tōnan | southeast |
| 南北 | nanboku | north and south |
| 南向き | minami-muki | facing south |
| 南太平洋 | minami taiheiyō | the South Pacific |
| 南十字星 | minami jūjisei | the Southern Cross |
92
高
high; to increase; to raise
コウ KŌ たか • い taka(i) たか • める taka(meru)
The character depicts a high lookout.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 電車の中で女子高生が騒いでいた。
Densha no naka de jōshi kōsei ga sawaide ita.
Some senior high school girls were making a commotion on the train.
2. あの人はいつも高圧的な態度をとる。
Ano hito wa itsumo kōatsuteki na taido o toru.
He is always very overbearing.
3. このビルは日本一高いビルです。
Kono biru wa Nihonichi takai biru desu.
This building is the tallest in Japan.
4. 口座の残高を教えて下さい。
Kōza no zandaka o oshiete kudasai.
Please tell me the balance of my account.
5. 彼はこの映画に出て、評判を高めた。
Kare wa kono eiga ni dete, hyōban o takameta.
His appearance in this movie has added to his reputation.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 高校生 | kōkōsei | a senior high-school student |
| 高速道路 | kōsoku dōro | an expressway; a freeway |
| 取尚 | saikō | maximum; best; great |
| 尚価 | kōka | high priced |
| 高級 | kōkyū | high-grade / class |
| 背が高い | se ga takai | to be tall in stature |
| 高山 | Takayama | Takayama (a place, name) |
93
校
a school
コウ KŌ
The character 校 combines 木 tree and 父 a person sitting cross-legged, and can be thought of as a place where people sit and study; i.e., a school.
GR1 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 希望の高校に合格した。
Kibō no kōkō ni gōkaku shita.
I was accepted into the high school I wanted to go to.
2. —年間予備校に通った。
Ichinenkan yobikō ni kayotta.
I attended a prep school for one year.
3. 明日中に校正してください。
Ashita-jū ni kōsei shite kudasai.
Please proofread this by the end of tomorrow.
4. 彼は海軍の将校になった。
Kare wa kaigun no shōkō ni natta.
He became a naval officer.
5. 小学校のとなりに住んでいる。
Shōgakkō no tonari ni sunde iru.
I live next door to an elementary school.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 高等学校 | kōtō gakkō | a senior high school |
| 予備校 | yobikō | a preparatory (prep) school |
| 小学校 | shōgakkō | an elementary school |
| 下校 | gekō | going home from school |
| 校門 | kōmon | a school gate |
| 校正 | kōsei | proofreading |
| 初校 | shokō | first proofs |
94
時
time; hour
ジ JI とき toki
The character 時 combines 日 sun and 寺 a place of work, which suggests moving the hands and feet to work, hence the idea of continuous motion and by association, time.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. ちょっとお時間ありますか。
Chotto ojikan arimasu ka.
Do you have a moment?
2. 北京と東京の時差は何時間ですか。
Pekin to Tōkyō no jisa wa nanjikan desu ka.
How many hours' time difference is there between Beijing and Tōkyō?
3. 当時を知る人はおじいさんだけです。
Tōji o shiru hito wa ojiisan dake desu.
Only grandfather knows what life was like then.
4. うちの主人は時々夕食を作る。
Uchi no shujin wa tokidoki yūshoku o tsukuru.
My husband sometimes makes dinner.
5. いらいらして何度も時計を見た。
Ira ira shite nando mo tokei o mita.
He kept glancing impatiently at his watch.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 時間 | jikan | (the) time; an hour; a lesson |
| 時差 | jisa | a time difference |
| 当時 | tōji | at that time; in those days |
| 時速 | jisoku | speed per hour |
| 五時十分 | goji juppun | 5:10; ten past five |
| 時々 | tokidoki | sometimes; every time |
| *時計 | tokei | a clock; a watch |
95
書
to write; writing
シヨ SHO か • く ka(ku)
The character 書 combines hand holding a brush and thing 曰 (a simple form of 者), to suggest waiting something with a brush.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 一緒に書店に行こうか。
Issho ni shoten ni ikō ka.
Let's go to the bookshop together.
2. 申込書を書くように言われた。
Mōshikomisho o kaku yō ni iwareta.
I was asked to fill in an application form.
3. 書道の先生に書いていただいた。
Shodō no sensei ni kaite itadaita.
I had my Japanese calligraphy teacher write it for me.
4. 漢字で名前を書いて下さい。
Katakana de namae o kaite kudasai.
Please write your name in kanji.
5. 小学校時代の友達から葉書が届いた。
Shōgakkō jidai no tomodachi kara hagaki ga todoita.
I had a postcard from a friend from elementary school days.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 書店 | shoten | a bookstore |
| 申込書 | mōshikomi-sho | a written application |
| 書道 | shodō | oriental calligraphy |
| 書類 | shorui | documents |
| 辞書 | jisho | a dictionary |
| 読書 | dokusho | reading (books) |
| 手書き | tegaki | handwriting; one's hand |
| 葉書 | hagaki | a postcard |
96
魚
fish
ギョ GYO うお uo さかな sakana
The character 魚 derived from a pictograph of a fish on its side, mouth pointing upwards.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 金魚を五匹飼っています。
Kingyo o gohiki katte imasu.
I have five pet goldfish.
2. 魚座の人はどんな性格ですか。
Uoza no hito wa donna seikaku desu ka.
What kind of personalities do 'Pisces' have?
3. 近所の魚屋でまぐろを買った。
Kimo no sakanaya de maguro o katta.
I bought some tuna at the local fish shop.
4. 刺身もいいけど、焼き魚も好きだ。
Sashimi mo ii kedo, yakizakana mo suki da.
Raw fish is fine, but I like grilled fish, too.
5. 魚偏の漢字はたくさんある。
Sakana-hen no kanji wa takusan aru.
There are many Chinese characters with the sakana radical.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 金魚 | kingyo | a goldfish |
| 熱帯魚 | nettaigyo | a tropical fish |
| 魚座 | uoza | the Fishes; Pisces |
| 魚市場 | uo-ichiba | a fish market |
| 魚屋 | sakana-ya | a fishmonger; a fish shop |
| 焼き魚 | yakizakana | roast fish |
| 魚釣り | sakana-tsuri | fishing |
EXERCISE 8 (85 – 96)
A. Give readings for the following.
1. 何時
2. 食べる
3. 東北
4. 南口
5. 長年
6. 店
7. 後ろ
8. 女子高生
9. 食べた後
10. 書いて下さい
B. Write in kanji and kana.
1. a goldfish
2. handwriting
3. the latter half
4. the main store
5. a company president
6. a bookstore
7. three days before/earlier
8. 12:45
C. Fill in the appropriate kanji.
1. しょくぜん ___ ___(before meals)
2. あしがながい ___が___ い (to have long legs)
3. いとぐち___ ___ (a beginning; a clue)
4. たちぐい ___ち___ い (to eat while standing)
5. てんちょう___ ___ (a store manager)
6. したがき ___き (a rough copy)
7. げっしょく___ ___ (a lunar eclipse)
8. こざかな___ ___ (a small fish)
9. しょうがっこう___ ___ ___ (an elementary school)
10. たかやま___ ___ (Takayama)
11. みせにはいる ___に___ る (to enter a store)
12. のちに ___に (later on)
13. ににんま免___ (two portions)
14. しルこ___ (from now on)
15. たべ た___ベた (ate)
16. うしろあ し___ろ___ (a hind leg)
17. しちじは ん___ ___ ___ (7:30)
97
週
week
シュウ SHŪ
The character 週 originally meant going around a field 周, i.e., making a circuit. This came to mean cycle of time, and then week.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 一週間はあっという間だ。
Isshūkan wa atto iu ma da.
A week passes in no time.
2. 週刊誌を電車の中で読んだ。
Shūkanshi o densha no naka de yonda.
I read a weekly magazine in the train.
3. この会社は週休二日です。
Kono kaisha wa shūkyū futsuka desu.
This company has a five-day working week.
4. 週末には何をするつもりですか。
Shūmatsu ni wa nani o suru tsumori desu ka.
Do you have any plans for the weekend?
5. 来週はちょっと忙しいですね。
Raishū wa chotto isogashii desu ne.
We're going to be a little busy next week, aren't we?
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 一週間 | isshūkan | a week |
| 週刊誌 | shūkanshi | a weekly (magazine) |
| 週末 | shūmatsu | a weekend |
| 来週 | raishū | next week |
| 毎週 | maishū | every week; weekly |
| 先週 | senshū | last week |
| 週給 | shūkyū | weekly pay |
98
飲
to drink
イン IN の • む no(mu)
The character 飲 combines 食, which originally suggested pouring sake or water into a pot with 欠, a person with an open mouth. From this came the idea of drinking with one's mouth open wide.
GR3 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. いろいろな飲料水が売られている。
Iroiro na inryōsui ga urarete iru.
Various kinds of drinking water are being sold.
2. あの人は飲酒運転で逮捕された。
Ano hito wa inshu unten de taiho sareta.
He was arrested for drunk driving.
3. この水は、飲めますか。
Kono mizu wa, nomemasu ka.
Is this water good for drinking?
4. 一気に水を飲み干した。
Ikki ni mizu o nomihoshita.
I drank the water down in one gulp.
5. 医者に飲み薬をもらった。
Isha ni nomigusuri o moratta.
I got some medicine from the doctor.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 飲料水 | inryōsui | drinking water |
| 飲酒 | inshu | drinking alcohol |
| 飲食店 | inshokuten | a restaurant |
| 飲み薬 | nomigusuri | an internal medicine |
| 飲み物 | nomimono | a drink; liquor |
| 飲み水 | nomimizu | drinking water |
| 湯飲み茶わん | yunomi-jawan | a teacup |
99
間
interval; room; pause
カン KAN ケン KEN あいだ aida ま ma
The character 問 combines gate 門 and sun 曰, to indicate light shining through a space between the gates.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 時間がたつのは速いね。
Jikan ga tatsu no wa hayai ne.
Time flies, doesn't it?
2. 滞在期間を延長したい。
Taizai kikan o enchō shitai.
I want to extend the duration of my stay.
3. 母は隣の人とよく世間話をする。
Haha wa tonari no hito to yoku seken-banashi o suru.
My mother often chats with the person next door.
4. 会社は神田と銀座の間にあります。
Kaisha wa Kanda to Ginza no aida ni arimasu.
The company is located between Kanda and the Ginza.
5. 間に合いましたか。
Ma ni aimashita ka.
Did you make it in time?
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 期間 | kikan | a term; a period of time |
| 世間 | seken | the world; society |
| 人間 | ningen | a human being |
| 居間 | ima | a living / sitting room |
| 昼間 | hiruma | the day; the daytime |
| 間違い | machigai | a mistake; an accident |
| 間に合う | maniau | to be in time; to be useful |
100
道
road; way
ドウ DŌ みち michi
The character 道 combines go and head, main 首 to suggest going along a main path; i.e. a road.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. その店は国道246号線沿いにあります。
Sono mise wa kokudō 246 gōsen-zoi ni arimasu.
That store is located on Highway 246.
2. そんなこと道理に合わないよ。
Sonna koto dōri ni awanai yo.
That's a load of nonsense!
3. 道場は武道の稽古をするところです。
Dōjō wa budō no keiko o suru tokoro desu.
A dojo is a place to practice martial arts.
4. この道をまっすぐ行って下さい。
Kono michi o massugu itte kudasai.
Please go straight along this street.
5. 駅への近道を教えてください。
Eki e no chikamichi o oshiete kudasai.
Please tell me a shortcut to the station.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 国道 | kokudō | a national road (highway) |
| 道理 | dōri | reason; common sense |
| 武道 | budō | the martial arts |
| 道具 | dōgu | an implement; a tool; furniture |
| 道路 | dōro | a road; a street; a highway |
| 北海道 | Hokkaidō | Hokkaido (a place) |
| 近退 | chikamichi | a shortcut |
101
買
to buy
バイ BAI か • う ka(u)
The character combines net and shells 貝. Since shells were used for money, netting lots of shells meant being able to buy things.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. A社がB社を買収した。
A-sha ga B-sha o baishū shita.
Company A bought out Company B.
2. ちょっと買い物に行ってきます。
Chotto kaimono ni itte kimasu.
I'm just going to do a bit of shopping.
3. 部長は彼の実績を買っている。
Buchō wa kare no jisseki o katte iru.
The department chief is impressed with his performance.
4. 彼は損な役を買って出た。
Kare wa son na yaku o katte deta.
He volunteered for the thankless job.
5. 買い占めによって株式市場は混乱した。
Kaishime ni yotte kabushiki shijo wa konran shita.
The stock market was in a frenzy with the panic buying of stocks.
| Common Compounds and Phrases | ||
| 買収 | baishū | to purchase; to buy up (out) |
| 売買 | baibai | buying and selling; trade |
| 買い物 | kaimono | shopping; a purchase |
| 買い出し | kaidashi | going out to buy |
| 買い手 | kaite | a buyer |
| 買い占め | kaishime | to buy up; to corner the market |
| お買い得品 | okaidokuhin | a good bargain |
102
新
new
シン SHIN あたら • しい atara(shii) あら • た ara(ta) *にい nii
The character 新 can be thought of as using an axe 斤 to cut into a standing 立 tree 木, leaving a fresh or new mark.
GR2 N5 AP
Example Sentences
1. 今朝の新聞読んだ？
Kesa no shinbun yonda?
Have you read this morning's newspaper?
2. 新年に新しい手帳を使おう。
Shinnen ni atarashii techō o tsukaō.
I'll use my new daily planner for the new year.
3. ビザを更新する時期になった。
Bisa o kōshin suru jiki ni natta.
It's time to renew my visa.
4. あの会社は人事を一新した。
Ano kaisha wa jinji o isshin shita.
