Читать книгу Earth Materials - John O'Brien - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
4 Preface
7 Chapter 1: Earth materials and the geosphere 1.1 EARTH MATERIALS 1.2 MINERALS AND MINERALOIDS 1.3 THE GEOSPHERE 1.4 DETAILED MODEL OF THE GEOSPHERE 1.5 GLOBAL TECTONICS 1.6 HOTSPOTS AND MANTLE CONVECTION CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
8 Chapter 2: Atoms, elements, bonds, and coordination polyhedra 2.1 ATOMS 2.2 THE PERIODIC TABLE 2.3 CHEMICAL BONDS 2.4 PAULING'S RULES AND COORDINATION POLYHEDRA 2.5 THE CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
9 Chapter 3: Atomic substitution, phase diagrams, and isotopes 3.1 ATOMIC (IONIC) SUBSTITUTION 3.2 PHASE STABILITY (EQUILIBRIUM) DIAGRAMS 3.3 ISOTOPES CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
10 Chapter 4: Crystallography 4.1 CRYSTALLINE SUBSTANCES 4.2 SYMMETRY OPERATIONS 4.3 TWO‐DIMENSIONAL MOTIFS AND LATTICES (MESHES) 4.4 THREE‐DIMENSIONAL MOTIFS AND LATTICES 4.5 CRYSTAL SYSTEMS 4.6 INDEXING PLANES IN CRYSTALS 4.7 TWINNED CRYSTALS 4.8 CRYSTAL DEFECTS 4.9 POLYMORPHS AND PSUEDOMORPHS CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
11 Chapter 5: Mineral properties and rock‐forming minerals 5.1 MINERAL FORMATION 5.2 CRYSTAL HABITS 5.3 MACROSCOPIC MINERAL PROPERTIES 5.4 SILICATE MINERALS 5.5 NONSILICATE MINERALS CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
12 Chapter 6: Optical identification of minerals 6.1 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM 6.2 ESSENTIALS OF OPTICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 6.3 THE OPTICAL INDICATRIX, INTERFERENCE FIGURES AND OPTIC SIGN DETERMINATIONS CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
13 Chapter 7: Igneous rock texture, composition, and classification 7.1 MAGMA AND IGNEOUS ROCKS 7.2 CRYSTALLINE IGNEOUS TEXTURES 7.3 NONCRYSTALLINE TEXTURES 7.4 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS 7.5 MINERAL COMPOSITION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS 7.6 MINERAL COMPOSITION AND TERMINOLOGY 7.7 IUGS IGNEOUS ROCK CLASSIFICATION CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
14 Chapter 8: Magma and intrusive structures 8.1 ROCK MELTING 8.2 FACTORS IN ANATEXIS AND INITIAL MELT COMPOSITION 8.3 DIVERSIFICATION: DIFFERENTIATION, MIXING AND ASSIMILATION PROCESSES 8.4 MAGMA SERIES 8.5 VARIATION DIAGRAMS 8.6 INTRUSIVE STRUCTURES CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
15 Chapter 9: Volcanic features and landforms 9.1 VOLCANOES 9.2 VOLCANO CLASSIFCATION, FEATURES, AND SETTINGS 9.3 CLASSIFIYING VOLCANIC EXPLOSIVITY CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
16 Chapter 10: Igneous rock associations 10.1 PETROTECTONIC ASSOCIATIONS 10.2 DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES 10.3 CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES 10.4 INTRAPLATE IGNEOUS ACTIVITY CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
17 Chapter 11: Weathering, sediment production, and soils 11.1 WEATHERING 11.2 DISSOLVED SOLIDS 11.3 DETRITAL SEDIMENTS 11.4 SOILS CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
18 Chapter 12: The sedimentary cycle 12.1 SEDIMENTS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 12.2 THE SEDIMENTARY CYCLE 12.3 STRATIFICATION AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS 12.4 AGENTS OF EROSION, SEDIMENT DISPERSION AND DEPOSITION CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
19 Chapter 13: Detrital sediments and sedimentary rocks 13.1 TEXTURES OF DETRITAL SEDIMENTS 13.2 GRAVELSTONES 13.3 SANDSTONES 13.4 MUDROCKS 13.5 DIAGENESIS OF DETRITAL SEDIMENTS CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
20 Chapter 14: Biochemical sedimentary rocks 14.1 INTRODUCTION 14.2 CARBONATE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 14.3 EVAPORITES 14.4 SILICEOUS SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 14.5 IRON‐RICH SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 14.6 SEDIMENTARY PHOSPHATES 14.7 COAL AND OTHER CARBON‐RICH SEDIMENTS AND MATERIALS CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
21 Chapter 15: Metamorphism 15.1 METAMORPHISM: AN INTRODUCTION 15.2 CLASSIFICATION OF COMMON METAMORPHIC ROCKS 15.3 COMMON PROTOLITH COMPOSITIONS 15.4 METAMORPHIC PROCESSES 15.5 MAJOR TYPES OF METAMORPHISM CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
22 Chapter 16: Metamorphism 16.1 FORCE AND STRESS 16.2 DEFORMATION 16.3 TYPES OF DEFORMATION 16.4 DEFORMATION STYLES AND MATERIAL BEHAVIOR 16.5 BRITTLE STRUCTURES 16.6 DUCTILE STRUCTURES 16.7 SMALL‐SCALE PLANAR AND LINEAR STRUCTURES CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
23 Chapter 17: Texture and classification of metamorphic rocks 17.1 TEXTURES 17.2 NON‐FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS 17.3 NON‐FOLIATED TO FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS 17.4 METAMORPHIC ROCKS WITH FOLIATED TEXTURES 17.5 SHEAR SENSE INDICATORS CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
24 Chapter 18: Metamorphic zones, facies, and facies series 18.1 METAMORPHIC ZONES 18.2 METAMORPHIC FACIES 18.3 METAMORPHIC FACIES SERIES 18.4 PHASE RULE, CHEMICAL REACTIONS, AND THREE‐COMPONENT PHASE DIAGRAMS 18.5 METAMORPHIC ROCKS AND PLATE TECTONICS CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
25 Chapter 19: Mineral resources and hazards 19.1 ORE MINERALS 19.2 INDUSTRIAL MINERALS AND ROCKS 19.3 GEMS 19.4 MINERALS AND HEALTH CONTENT ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
26 Index
