Читать книгу Earth Materials - John O'Brien - Страница 3

1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Characteristics of oceanic and continental crust: a comparison.

2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Major properties of electrons, protons, and neutrons.Table 2.2 Quantum designations of electrons in the 92 naturally occurring e...Table 2.3 Periodic table of the naturally‐occurring elements displaying ato...Table B2.1 Ionization energies for hydrogen through calcium (units in kJ/mo...Table 2.4 Common ionization states for common elements in columns on the pe...Table 2.5 Relationship between radius ratio, coordination number, and coord...Table 2.6 Variations in ionic radius (in angstroms) with coordination numbe...Table 2.7 Mineral classification based on the major anion groups.

3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 A list of some common terms used in discussing phase diagrams.Table 3.2 The 14‐step radioactive decay sequence that occurs in the convers...Table 3.3 Systematics of radioactive isotopes important in age determinatio...

4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Five common axes of rotational symmetry in minerals.Table 4.2 The 17 plane lattice groups and the unique combination of point g...Table 4.3 The six crystal systems and 32 crystal classes, with their charac...Table 4.4 Major characteristics of Bravais lattice cells in the major cryst...Table 4.5 The relationships of crystallographic axes and the rules for orie...Table 4.6 Common isometric crystal forms, form indices, form descriptions, ...Table 4.7 Common tetragonal crystal forms, form indices, form descriptions,...Table 4.8 Common hexagonal crystal forms and associated hexagonal and trigo...Table 4.9 Common trigonal crystal forms and associated minerals.Table 4.10 Common crystal forms, form indices, and minerals in the orthorho...Table 4.11 Common crystal forms, form indices, and minerals in the monoclin...Table 4.12 Common crystal forms, form indices, and minerals in the triclini...Table 4.13 Important rock‐forming mineral polymorphs.

5 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Crystal Habits of Individual Crystals: Images Source: Equant, fil...Table 5.2 Summary of the habits of crystal aggregates.Table 5.3 Comparison between the Mohs and Knoop hardness scales; the former...Table 5.4 Four major types of luminescence exhibited by minerals.Table 5.5 Different varieties of magnetism exhibited by minerals.Table 5.6 Composition and occurrence of the major varieties of garnet.Table 5.7 Colors and common occurrences of the major varieties of macroscop...Table 5.8 Colors and common occurrences of the major varieties of macroscop...Table 5.9 Macroscopic properties and occurrences of the major potassium fel...Table 5.10 Major varieties of plagioclase by anorthite (An) and albite (Ab)...Table 5.11 Macroscopic properties and common occurrences of significant fel...Table 5.12 Macroscopic properties of common zeolite minerals.

6 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Plane light and crossed‐polars properties of some common rock‐for...

7 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Magma or igneous rock classification based on weight percent sili...Table 7.2 Generalized description of rock color based on mineral compositio...Table 7.3 Summary of igneous textural names and brief descriptions.Table 7.4 Common fragmental (pyroclastic) textures classified by size and d...Table 7.5 Common oxide compounds and major minerals in igneous rocks.Table 7.6 Silica saturation and key mineral indicators.Table 7.7 Aluminum oxide classification and associated modal minerals.

8 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Common volcano explosivity classification.

9 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Trace element abundances for N‐MORB and E‐MORB in parts per mill...Table B10.1 The major features of M‐, I‐, S‐, and A‐type granitoids.

10 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Major processes and products of decomposition.Table 11.2 Chemical stability of major minerals under average weathering co...Table 11.3 Factors that affect the survival of resistate fragments during d...Table 11.4 Common iron and manganese oxides and hydroxides produced by weat...Table 11.5 Soil orders in the USDA‐NRSC soil taxonomy; their diagnostic fea...Table 11.6 The Reference Soil Groups (RSG) in the World Reference Base for ...Table 11.7 Unified Soil Classification System for coarse‐grained soils.Table 11.8 United Soil Classification System for fine‐grained soils.Table 11.9 Generalized hydraulic conductivity of sediments.

11 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Properties of sediments deposited by major depositional agents.

12 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Descriptive terminology for sorting coefficients proposed by Com...Table 13.2 Typical hydraulic conductivity of common detrital sediments.Table 13.3 Criteria for the textural maturity of sands and sandstones.Table 13.4 Classification of gravelstones: conglomerates, breccias, and dia...Table 13.5 Textural classification of mudrocks based on silt : clay ratios.

13 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Common compositions of carbonate minerals for major groups of org...Table 14.2 Common minerals in carbonate rocks.Table 14.3 Field classification of carbonate rocks.Table 14.4 Major marine evaporite minerals and their relative abundance.Table 14.5 Precipitation sequence of common evaporite minerals from seawater...Table 14.6 Some important lacustrine evaporite minerals.Table 14.7 Common minerals in Precambrian and Phanerozoic iron‐rich sediment...

14 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Common hydrothermal alteration processes.Table 15.2 Protolith and major minerals of common non‐foliated and foliated ...Table 15.3 Common protoliths and minerals associated with pelitic assemblage...Table 15.4 Common protoliths and minerals associated with quartzofeldspathic...Table 15.5 Common calcareous protoliths, minerals associated and metamorphic...Table 15.6 Common protoliths and minerals associated with mafic and intermed...Table 15.7 Common protoliths and minerals associated with ultramafic assembl...

15 Chapter 16Table B16.1 Incompressibility and rigidity values at 1 atm and 25 °C. Note t...Table B16.2 Poisson's ratio values for Earth materials and processed materia...Table 16.1 Approximate temperatures at which some common minerals change fr...Table 16.2 Relative competency of some common rocks at 1 atm and 25 °C.Table 16.3 Mineral and rock strength under compressive and tensile condition...

16 Chapter 17Table 17.1 The tendency of common metamorphic minerals to develop complete ...Table 17.2 Cataclasite series rock terms developed by Sibson (1977).Table 17.3 Mylonite series as defined by Sibson (1977).

17 Chapter 18Table 18.1 Barrovian zones in pelitic, calcareous, and mafic protoliths.Table 18.2 Mineral assemblages and rocks in albite–epidote hornfels facies r...Table 18.3 Mineral assemblages and rocks in hornblende hornfels related to p...Table 18.4 Mineral assemblages and rocks in pyroxene hornfels related to pro...Table 18.5 Mineral assemblages and rocks in sanidinite hornfels related to c...Table 18.6 Zeolite minerals and chemical formulas.Table 18.7 Common minerals and protoliths of the zeolite facies.Table 18.8 Common minerals and protoliths of the prehnite–pumpellyite facies...Table 18.9 Common minerals and protoliths of the greenschist facies.Table 18.10 Common minerals and protoliths of the amphibolite facies (Turner...Table 18.11 Common minerals and rocks in granulite facies based on protolith...Table 18.12 Common minerals and rocks in blueschist facies based on protolit...Table 18.13 Common minerals and rocks in eclogite facies based on protolith ...

18 Chapter 19Table 19.1 VMS classifications proposed since 1986 based on type locality (C...Table 19.2 Some additional base metal occurrences and uses are presented.Table 19.3 Common rare Earth metal (REE) uses.Table 19.4 Common steel alloys (Kesler 1994; USGS 2020).Table 19.5 Common mineral pigments used for providing color to materials.Table 19.6 Some of the more common gems are described in this table.Table 19.7 Metals commonly provide vibrant color to gemstones.Table 19.8 Key elements, referred to by nutritionists as macro‐ and micro‐mi...Table 19.9 Naturally occurring toxic elements segregated based on whether th...