Читать книгу Easy Tagalog - Joi Barrios - Страница 10
ОглавлениеCHAPTER 3
What is your job?
Ano ang trabaho mo?
Sarah is an advertising account executive at Orendain Advertising; Mr. Tolentino is a lawyer; and Melissa is a student. In this dialogue, learn how to talk about jobs and professions. Study how the two question words you have learned, ano (what) and saan (where), are used, and how sentences are constructed to ask and answer these questions.
Jobs and Professions
| estudyante | student |
| account executive | account executive |
| abugado | lawyer |
| Abugado ako. | Lawyer + I. I am a lawyer. (informal) |
| Abugado po ako. | I am a lawyer. (formal) |
| Ano ang trabaho mo? | What + ang + job + your?What is your job? |
| Account executive po ako. | I am an account executive. (formal) |
| namumuno | to head or to be in charge of |
| ako ang namumuno | I + ang + head |
| Ako ang namumuno sa Legal Department. | I + ang + head + in + Legal Department.I head the Legal Department. |
| pinuno | head |
| ako ang pinuno | I + ang + head. I am the head |
| Ako ang pinuno ng Legal Department. | I + ang + head + of + Legal Department.I am the head of the Legal Department. |
| saan | where |
| nagtatrabaho | work |
| Saan po kayo nagtatrabaho? | Where + you + work?Where do you work? (formal) |
| Nagtatrabaho ako sa North American Investment Bank. | Work + I + at + North American Investment Bank.I work at North American Investment Bank. |
| nag-aaral | study |
| Saan ka nag-aaral? | Where + you + study? Where do you study? |
| Nag-aaral ako sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas. | Study + I + at + University + of + Philippines.I study at the University of the Philippines. |
| namin | our (1st person plural possessive pronoun; refers only to the speaker and his/her companions) |
| natin | our (1st person plural possessive pronoun; refers to the speakers and the people being addressed; literally, we + you) |
| kliyente namin | our client |
| ninyo | your (2nd person plural possessive pronoun) |
| bangko ninyo | your bank |
| Kliyente po namin ang bangko ninyo. | Client + po + our + ang + bank + your.Your bank is our client. |
| nila | their (3rd person plural possessive pronoun) |
| bangko nila | their bank |
| Kliyente po namin ang bangko nila. | Client + po + our + ang + bank + their.Their bank is our client. |
DIALOGUE A
SARAH : Saan po kayo nagtatrabaho, Mr. Tolentino? Where do you work, Mr. Tolentino?
MR. TOLENTINO : Sa North American Investment Bank. Ako ang namumuno sa Legal Department. Ikaw, ano ang trabaho mo? At the North American Investment Bank. I head the Legal Department. What about you, what is your job?
SARAH : Advertising account executive po ako. Kliyente po namin ang bangko ninyo. I am an advertising account executive. Your bank is our client.
MR. TOLENTINO : Ganoon ba? Saan ka nagtatrabaho? Is that so? Where do you work?
SARAH : Sa Orendain Advertising po. At Orendain Advertising.
MR. TOLENTINO : Talaga? Ikaw, Melissa? Really? What about you, Melissa?
MELISSA : Estudyante po ako. Nag-aaral ako sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas. I am a student. I study at the University of the Philippines.
VOCABULARY AND SENTENCE PRACTICE
For some professions, Tagalog uses loanwords from other languages. Examples of these are: social worker, computer programmer, and website designer. In some cases, the words are derived from English but have a Tagalog spelling. Here are other words you can use.
| manedyer ng bangko | bank manager |
| guro/titser | teacher |
| doktor | doctor |
| nars | nurse |
| kawani | employee |
| kawani ng gobyerno | government employee |
| abugado | lawyer |
| inhinyero | engineer |
| arkitekto | architect |
| mananaliksik | researcher |
| manggagawa | worker |
| drayber | driver |
| magsasaka | farmer |
| negosyante | businessperson |
| manunulat | writer |
| bumbero | fireman |
| pulis | police officer |
For natural speech, study the following expressions:
| Talaga? | Really? |
| Ganoon ba? | Is that so? |
Also, review the following linkers and markers.
| na | (sometimes contracted into ng) linker (used to link words) |
| ng | preposition; object marker (used to introduce the object of a sentence; used for common nouns) |
| si | subject marker (used to introduce the subject of a sentence; used for names or proper nouns) |
| ni | possessive and object marker (used to introduce proper nouns) |
Notice the phrase manedyer ng bangko (bank manager) above. Ng is a preposition. It can mean in, on, of, and at. In the example below, it is used to mean “of.” Note that pronouns go immediately after manedyer (manager) and before the preposition. Study the following phrases and sentences:
| manedyer ng bangko | manager + of + bank. bank manager |
| Manedyer ng bangko si Ralph. | Manager + of + bank + si + Ralph.Ralph is a bank manager. |
| Manedyer ka ng bangko. | Manager + you + of + bank.You are a bank manager. |
| Estudyante si Melissa. | Student + si + Melissa. Melissa is a student. |
| Account executive si Sarah sa Orendain Advertising. | Account executive + si + Sarah + at + Orendain Advertising. Sarah is an accountexecutive at Orendain Advertising. |
| Doktor ako. | Doctor + I. I am a doctor. |
QUESTION AND ANSWER PRACTICE
Practice asking and answering questions. The first pairs are there to serve as your guide. If your job/profession was not listed earlier, just use the English word for now. The important thing is to study the structure of the sentence. Remember that we are practicing the question words ano (what) and saan (where).
1. Question: Ano ang trabaho mo?
Answer: Guro ako.
2. Question: Ano ang trabaho ni Mr. Tolentino?
Answer: Abugado siya.
3. Question: Ano ang trabaho ni Melissa?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
4. Question: ____________________________________________________?
Answer: Nars siya.
5. Question: Ano ang ___________________________________________?
Answer: Kawani siya ng bangko.
6. Question: Ano ang trabaho mo?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
GRAMMAR: VERBS
In Tagalog, it is important to know root words. With root words, we can use affixes to form verbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs. In this chapter we are focusing on root words and the prefix mag- (with its variation nag-) for verbs.
In these examples, study how the verbs nag-aaral (study) and nagtatrabaho (work) are formed and used.
| aral | study (root word) |
| nag- | verb prefix |
| nag- + a + aral | nag + first syllable of root word + root word; study |
| nag-aaral ako | I study |
| Nag-aaral ako sa UCLA. | Study + I + at + UCLA. I study at UCLA. |
| trabaho | work |
| nag + ta + trabaho | nag + first syllable of root word + root word (Rule: when the word has double consonants such as tr in trabaho, r is dropped in the second syllable); work |
| Nagtatrabaho Community Center. | Work + I + at + Filipino Community Center.ako sa Filipino I work at the Filipino Community Center. |
Let us also study three special verbs: naging (became), nag-master’s (studied for a master’s degree) and nag-training (trained). Naging (became) is referred to as an independent verb because it is not formed by a prefix and a root word. Nag-master’s (studied for a master’s degree) and nag-training (trained) are also special because the two words are formed by using the Tagalog prefix nag- and the English words, master’s and train, respectively.
| naging abugado | became + lawyer. |
| Naging abugado ako. | Became + lawyer + I. I became a lawyer. |
| Nagma-master’s ako. | Taking a master’s degree + I.I am taking a master’s degree. |
In the previous chapter, we learned about verb aspects in Tagalog. Completed action can be thought of as the past tense in English, incompleted action as the present tense, and contemplated action as the future tense. The main differences between aspects (completed, incompleted, contemplated) and tenses (past, present, future) lie mainly in the perfect tenses (for example, has/have been, had worked) and the progressive tenses (for example, has/have been working). If it is easier for you to think of verbs using the terms simple past, present, and future tenses, use these terms instead.
There are specific formulas to conjugate verbs in Tagalog. Study the following formulas and how these are used with the root word aral (study).
| Completed(Past) Action | prefix nag- + root wordnag + aral = nag-aral |
| Incompleted(Present) Action | prefix nag- + first syllable of root word + root wordnag- + a + aral = nag-aaral |
| Contemplated(Future) Action | prefix mag- + first syllable of root word + root wordmag- + a + aral = mag-aaral |
Study the following chart:
| Root | Completed | Incompleted | Contemplated |
| aral study | nag-aral studied | nag-aaral studying | mag-aaral will study |
| trabaho work | nagtrabaho worked | nagtatrabaho working | magtatrabaho will work |
| maging to become | naging become | nagiging becoming | magiging will become |
| masters to take a master’s degree (used as a verb) | nag-masters took a master’s degree | nagma-masters taking a master’s degree | magma-masters will take a master’s degree |
| training to train (used as a verb) | nag-training trained | nagte-training training | magte-training will train |
Note that when we duplicate the first syllable in words with double consonants, for example, tr in nagtatrabaho (nag + ta + trabaho), we omit the second consonant (ta and not tra). However, bear in mind that this is only important in written Tagalog. In colloquial speech, we can say either nagtratrabaho or nagtatrabaho.
Studying and Working
Study how the verbs you have learned are used in the following dialogue.
DIALOGUE B
MR. TOLENTINO : Saan ka nag-aral, Ralph? Where did you study, Ralph?
RALPH : Sa UCLA po. Kayo po? At UCLA. What about you?
MR. TOLENTINO : Sa UP, pero nag-master’s ako ng abugasya sa Netherlands. At U.P., but I took my master’s in law in the Netherlands.
SARAH : Talaga po? Mag-aaral din ako sa Netherlands next year. Really? I will also study in the Netherlands next year.
RALPH : Saan ka magtatrabaho after graduation, Melissa? Where will you work after graduation, Melissa?
MELISSA : Magtatrabaho po ako sa Center for Community Health. Magiging community health worker po ako. I will work for the Center for Community Health. I will become a community health worker.
VOCABULARY AND CULTURE TIP (Taglish) Taglish refers to Tagalog-English, the colloquial way of speaking wherein people, especially those living in urban centers, use both Tagalog/Filipino and English in a sentence. Thus, Sarah’s line “Mag-aaral din ako sa Netherlands next year” is not unusual. If in a similar situation you are at a loss for Tagalog words, you can say, for example, “Nag-work po ako sa hospital for two years.” No one will fault you if five out of eight of the words you use are in English.
QUESTION AND ANSWER PRACTICE
Ask and answer the following questions:
1. Question: Saan nagtatrabaho si Ralph?
Answer: ___________________ si Ralph sa ______________________.
2. Question: Saan nag-aaral si Melissa?
Answer: _____________________________________________________
3. Question: Saan nag-aral si Mr. Tolentino?
Answer: ______________ si _________________ sa ________________.
4. Question: Saan ka nagtatrabaho?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
5. Question: Saan ka nag-aral?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
6. Question: ____________________________________________________?
Answer: Nag-aral si Sarah sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas.
SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND GRAMMAR
Let us practice the verbs we have learned, using saan (where) and a new question word, kailan (when).
Study the following questions and answers.
| Saan ka nagtrabaho? | Where + you + worked? Where did you work? |
| Nagtrabaho ako sa Philippine Bank. | Worked + I + at + Philippine Bank.I worked at Philippine Bank. |
| Saan ka nagtatrabaho? | Where + you + work? Where do you work? |
| Nagtatrabaho ako sa Singapore Bank. | Work + I + at + Singapore Bank.I work at Singapore Bank. |
| Saan ka magtatrabaho? | Where + you + will work? Where will you work? |
| Magtatrabaho ako sa National Bank. | Will work + I + at + National Bank.I will work at National Bank. |
| Ano ang trabaho mo? | What + ang + work + your + job?What is/was your job? |
| Accountant ako. | Accountant + I. I am/was an accountant. |
| kailan | when |
| kailan ka nagtrabaho | when + you + worked |
| Kailan ka nagtrabaho sa Philippine Bank? | When + you + worked + at Philippine Bank?When did you work at Philippine Bank? |
| noon [no’on] | in the past (also used to mean in, on) |
| noong | in the past (contraction of noon + na) |
| noong 2012 | in 2012 |
| Nagtrabaho ako sa Philippine Bank noong 2012. | I worked at Philippine Bank in 2012. |
| ngayon | now; at present |
| Nagtatrabaho ako sa Singapore ngayon. | Work + I + Singapore Bank + now.I work at Singapore Bank now. |
| Naging abugado ako noong 2008. | Became + lawyer + I + in 2008.I became a lawyer in 2008. |
| Nag-master’s ako noong 2012. | Took a master’s degree + I + in + 2010. I took a master’s degree in 2010. |
| mula | from |
| hanggang | to |
| mula 2010 hanggang 2012 | from 2010 to 2012 |
| Nag-master’s ako mula 2010 hanggang 2012. | Took a master’s degree + I + from 2010 to 2012.I took a master’s degree from 2010 to 2012. |
Here are some useful grammar points:
1. Flexibility. Usually, there is more than one way of saying or asking the same thing. For example, If we want to ask someone what his job was in the past, we can say, “Ano ang trabaho mo?” (What is/was your job?) or “Ano ang trabaho mo noon?” (What was your job then?)
2. The Verb “to be.” There is no exact equivalent for the English verb “to be” (am, is, are) in Tagalog. Simply say “Accountant ako.” (literally, Accountant I).
3. Aspects and Tenses. Grammar point number 2 gives us a better understanding as to why some grammarians insist that there are no tenses (past, present, future) in Tagalog, and just aspects (completed action, incompleted action, and contemplated action). “I was an accountant” and “I am an accountant” can both be translated as “Accountant ako.”
4. Prepositions: The Tagalog words noon/noong (then; used to mean in) and sa (in, at) both mean the English preposition in. However, noon/noong is used only when the action has been completed. Here are some examples:
| Nagtrabaho ako sa Philippine Bank noong 2012. | Work + I + at + Philippine Bank in 2012.I worked at the Philippine Bank in 2012. |
| Magtatrabaho ako sa National Bank next year. | Will + work + I + National Bank + next year.I will work at the National Bank next year. |
Remember to use noon as a preposition for past action, and sa for future action.
QUESTION AND ANSWER PRACTICE
1. Question: Saan ka nagtrabaho noon?
Answer: ___________________ ako sa ____________________.
2. Question: Saan magtatrabaho si Melissa?
Answer: __________________ si Melissa sa ____________________.
3. Question: Kailan ka magtatrabaho sa _________________?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
4. Kailan ka nag-aral sa _________________________________________?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
SUMMING UP
Let us review what you have just learned in Chapter 3.
Talk about your studies and work in the past, present and future.
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