Читать книгу Easy Tagalog - Joi Barrios - Страница 9
ОглавлениеCHAPTER 2
Where are you from?
Taga-saan ka?
Ralph and Melissa are still at the party. They are talking about where they are from and where they are now living.
Then and Now
Study the following words, phrases and sentences that talk about places.
| taga-saan | from (literally, from-where) |
| Taga-saan ka? | From-where + you? Where are you from? |
| taga-Los Angeles | from-Los Angeles |
| Taga-Los Angeles ako. | From-Los Angeles + I. I am from Los Angeles. |
| saan | where |
| nakatira | living |
| na | already |
| ngayon | now |
| Saan ka na nakatira ngayon? | Where + you + already + living + now?Where do you live now? |
| nakatira na ako ngayon | living + already + I + now. I now live |
| sa | in (preposition; can also mean at or on) |
| sa Quezon City | in Quezon City. |
| Nakatira na ako ngayon sa Quezon City. | Living + already + I + now + in + Quezon City.I now live in Quezon City. |
| noon | in the past or previously |
| Saan ka nakatira noon? | Where + you + live + previously?Where did you live previously? |
| Nakatira ako noon sa Manhattan. | Lived + I + previously + in + Manhattan.I used to live in Manhattan. |
DIALOGUE A
RALPH : Taga-saan ka, Melissa? Where are you from, Melissa?
MELISSA : Taga-Los Angeles ako. Ikaw? I am from Los Angeles. And you?
RALPH : Taga-New York ako. Saan ka na nakatira ngayon? I am from New York. Where do you live now?
MELISSA : Nakatira na ako sa Quezon City ngayon. I now live in Quezon City.
Practice this dialogue.
VOCABULARY AND CULTURE TIP (The word “Na”): The word na has many meanings. In the dialogue, it is used to mean “already.” In later chapters, it will be used as a linker (a word used to link adjectives with nouns), and as a relative pronoun (used to function as who, whom, whose, which, and that). Filipinos like to use the word “already.” For example, they say “I ate already,” instead of saying “I have eaten.” This comes from the Tagalog sentence Kumain na ako (literally, Ate already I.) In English, using “already” would be wrong in a sentence like the one in the dialogue. Indeed it is a common source of mistakes when Filipinos are learning English.
QUESTION AND ANSWER PRACTICE
Read the information given in the following chart. The second column indicates where the person is from, and the third column shows where a person is living now. Use the third row to fill in your name, where you are from, and where you are living now, in each respective column. After doing this, ask and answer questions.
| Person | Where they are from | Where they are living now |
| Sarah | Pampanga | Maynila (Manila) |
| Mr. Tolentino | Nueva Ecija | Makati City |
1. Question: Taga-saan si Sarah?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
2. Question: Saan na nakatira si Sarah ngayon?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
3. Question: ____________________________________________________?
Answer: Taga-Nueva Ecija si Mr. Tolentino.
4. Question: ____________________________________________________?
Answer: Nakatira na siya sa Makati City ngayon.
5. Question: Taga-saan ka?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
6. Question: Saan ka na nakatira ngayon?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
VOCABULARY
Study the following words that describe location:
| lugar | place |
| barangay | smallest political unit in the Philippines(similar to a village) |
| bayan | town, country, people |
| lungsod | city |
| probinsiya | province |
| isla | island |
| estado | state |
| bansa | country |
| kontinente | continent |
| mundo/daigdig | world |
| uniberso | universe |
CULTURE TIP (The Word Bayan): The word bayan can mean town, country and people. Here are some examples of how the word can be used: bayan ng Santa Filomena (town of Filomena); bayang Pilipinas (country of the Philippines); maglingkod sa bayan (serve the people). Historian Damon Woods has written about bayan in his book, From Wilderness to Nation (University of the Philippines, 2011).
SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION
In the beginning of this chapter, you learned the following:
| Saan ka nakatira? | Where do you live? |
| Nakatira ako sa Quezon City. | I live in Quezon City. |
Now, let us learn another where question: Where is Quezon City? To answer this question we need to learn another equivalent of the word where: nasaan.
| nasaan | where |
| ng | of (can also mean by, from, and with; also used as an object marker) |
| lungsod ng Quezon | city + of + Quezoncity of Quezon or Quezon City |
| Nasaan ang lungsod ng Quezon? | Where + ang + city + of + Quezon?Where is the city of Quezon? |
| nasa | in (can also mean at and on) |
| nasa Metro Manila | in Metro Manila |
| Nasa Metro Manila ang lungsod ng Quezon. | In + Metro Manila + ang + city + of Quezon.The city of Quezon is in Metro Manila. |
Both saan and nasaan mean where, and both sa and nasa mean in, at and on. While these words have the same meaning, they differ in the usage:
1. Use saan only when there is a verb, for example, the verb nakatira (living) in Saan ka nakatira? (Where do you live?)
2. Use nasaan when it is followed by a noun, for example, Nasaan ang Quezon City? (Where is Quezon City?)
3. The prepositions sa and nasa have to match the question words. Saan questions should be answered by sentences with sa, and nasaan questions should be answered by sentences with nasa. Here are some examples:
Question: Saan ka nakatira? Where do you live?
Answer: Nakatira ako sa Quezon City. I live in Quezon City.
Question: Nasaan ang Quezon City? Where is Quezon City?
Answer: Nasa Metro Manila ang Quezon City. Quezon City is in Metro Manila.
Review the new words and sentence structures you have learned and study further how to ask and answer questions.
| Nasaan ang barangay Katipunan? | Where + ang + Barangay Katipunan?Where + Barangay Katipunan? |
| Nasa lungsod ng Quezon ang barangay Katipunan. | In + city + of + Quezon + ang + Barangay Katipunan. Barangay Katipunan is in Quezon City. |
| ano | what |
| anong | what (contraction of ano + na) |
| anong probinsiya | what province |
| nasa anong probinsiya | in what province |
| lungsod ng Calamba | city + of + Calamba. Calamba City |
| Nasa anong probinsiya ang lungsod ng Calamba? | In + what + province + ang + city + of + Calamba? In what province is Calamba City? |
| Nasa probinsiya ng Laguna ang lungsod ng Calamba. | In + province + of + Laguna + ang + city + of + Calamba. Calamba City is in the province of Laguna. |
| alin | which |
| aling | which (contraction of alin + na) |
| nasa aling isla | in which island |
| isla ng Luzon | island + of + Luzon. Luzon island |
| Nasa aling isla ang probinsiya ng Laguna? | In + which + island + ang + province + of + Laguna. In which island is the province of Laguna? |
| nasa isla ng Luzon | in + island + of + Luzon. In Luzon island |
| probinsiya ng Laguna | province + of + Laguna. Laguna province |
| Ano ang Luzon? | What is Luzon? |
| isa | literally, one (used for the English article a) |
| isang | one (contraction of isa + na) |
| isang isla | an island (literally, one island) |
| Isang isla ang Luzon. | An + island + ang + Luzon. Luzon is an island. |
| Saan sa… | Where in … |
| Saan sa Luzon… | Where in Luzon … |
| Saan sa Luzon ka nakatira? | Where + in + Luzon + you + live?Where in Luzon do you live? |
| Nakatira ako sa lungsod ng Calamba. | Live + I + in + city + of + Calamba.I live in Calamba City. |
Where is Cabanatuan?
Study the dialogue below. Note the placement of the honorific po immediately following the first word in the sentence.
DIALOGUE B
RALPH : Taga-saan po kayo, Mr. Tolentino? Where are you from, Mr. Tolentino?
MR. TOLENTINO : Taga-Cabanatuan ako. I am from Cabanatuan.
RALPH : Nasaan po ang Cabanatuan? Where is Cabanatuan?
MR. TOLENTINO : Nasa Nueva Ecija ang Cabanatuan. Ikaw? Cabanatuan is in Nueva Ecija. And you?
RALPH : Taga-New York po ako. I am from New York.
MR. TOLENTINO : Saan sa New York? Where in New York?
RALPH : Sa Manhattan po. (In) Manhattan.
Practice the dialogue.
QUESTION AND ANSWER PRACTICE
Use the first few questions and answers as a guide. Then practice what you have just learned. For the answers, you may want to refer back to the sentences and dialogues you have learned in this chapter.
1. Question: Taga-saan ka? Where are you from?
Answer: Taga-Santa Barbara ako. I am from Santa Barbara.
2. Question: Nasaan ang Santa Barbara? Where is Santa Barbara?
Answer: Nasa California ang Santa Barbara.Santa Barbara is in California.
3. Question: Saan ka nakatira? Where do you live?
Answer: Nakatira ako sa Barangay San Jose.I live in Barangay San Jose.
4. Question: Nasa anong lungsod ang Barangay San Jose? In which city is Barangay San Jose?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
5. Question: Taga-saan si Ralph?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
6. Question: ____________________________________________________?
Answer: Taga-Cabanatuan City si Mr. Tolentino.
7. Question: ____________________________________________________?
Answer: Nakatira si Mr. Tolentino sa Makati.
8. Question: Nasaan ang Manhattan?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
9. Question: ____________________________________________________?
Answer: Nasa isla ng Mindanao ang Davao.
10. Question: ____________________________________________________?
Answer: Nasa probinsiya ng Bulacan ang bayan ng Malolos.
11. Question: Taga-saan ka?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
12. Question: Saan ka nakatira ngayon?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
GRAMMAR
In this chapter, we are learning/reviewing the following:
1. The following question words:
| ano | what |
| alin | which |
| saan | where (used only when there is a verb, for example, nakatira) |
| nasaan | where (used when there are no verbs) |
2. The linker na
In general, na is used to link words, phrases and clauses. In this chapter, in particular we learned how to use it with question words, and in forming contracted question words.
| anong | ano + na |
| anong lungsod | what city |
| aling (alin + na) | which |
| aling probinsiya | which province |
| saan | where |
| saang (saan + na) | where |
| saang probinsiya | which place (literally, where place) |
We do not link na with nasaan. Nasaan is usually followed by the marker ang.
Nasaan ang lungsod ng Quezon? Where is Quezon city?
3. The word isa for the English articles a/an
There are no articles in Tagalog. Instead, we use the word isa, which literally means one.
| isa | one (used as an article) |
| isang | one (contraction of isa + na) |
| isang lungsod | one + LINKER + city |
| Isang lungsod ang Calamba. | One + LINKER + city + ang + Calamba. Calamba is a city. |
4. The words noon (then, previously, in the past), ngayon (now) and the affix naka-
Review the following sentences:
| Nakatira ako sa Manhattan noon. | Live + I + in + Manhattan + previously.I used to live in Manhattan. |
| Nakatira na ako sa Quezon City ngayon. | Live + already + I + in + Quezon City + now. I now live in Quezon City. |
Note that in English, the first sentence is in the past tense—with the phrase “used to live,” while the second sentence is in the present tense with the use of the verb or action word “live.” However, in Tagalog, we see that we have the same verb—nakatira (live/living).
Nakatira is formed by the affix naka- and the root word tira (live). The affix naka- shows a person’s state or condition. For example: nakatayo (standing), nakaupo (sitting), nakasuot (wearing).
This brings us to the question: Are there tenses—past, present, and future—in Tagalog?
There are two schools of thought when it comes to Tagalog verbs. Some grammarians, such as Paraluman Aspillera, use tenses (absolute location of an event or action in time) in explaining Tagalog grammar. Other grammarians, such as Paul Schacter and Teresita Ramos, believe that there are aspects (refers how an action is to be viewed in respect to time)—completed action, incompleted action, and contemplated action. It may be better to think of Tagalog verbs in terms of aspects because there is no absolute concept of time in both the Tagalog language and Filipino culture.
There are three ways of saying “I used to live in Manhattan.”
| 1. | Nakatira ako sa Manhattan noon. | Live + I + in + Manhattan + previously. (literally, I living in Manhattan previously.) |
| 2. | Tumira ako sa Manhattan noon. | Lived + I + in + Manhattan + previously. (literally, I lived in Manhattan previously.) |
| 3. | Tumitira ako sa Manhattan noong nag-aaral ako. | Living + I + in + Manhattan + previously + when + studying. (literally, I was living in Manhattan when I was studying.) |
in the first sentence, the affix naka- is used to show a state or condition. In the second sentence, the word tira is conjugated by inserting the prefix um- before the first vowel in order to express completed action. In the third sentence, we can observe that in Tagalog, it is fine to use the incompleted aspect. In this sentence, tumitira is translated as was living, but the same word can also be used to mean live/living (present tense).
We will learn more of verbs in other chapters.
What is your nationality?
Finally, let’s study nationality, ethnicity, and names of countries. Study these words, phrases and sentences, then the dialogue.
| nasyonalidad | nationality |
| ano ang | what is |
| Ano ang nasyonalidad mo? | What + ang + nationality + your?What is your nationality? |
| etnisidad | ethnicity |
| Filipino | Filipino |
| Filipino ang etnisidad ko | Filipino + ang + ethnicity + my.My ethnicity is Filipino. |
| Filipino American ako. | Filipino American + II am Filipino American. |
| mamamayan | citizen |
| Estados Unidos | United States |
| mamamayan ng Estados Unidos | citizen of the United States. |
| Mamamayan ako ng Estados Unidos. | Citizen + I + of + United States.I am a citizen of the United States. |
| Amerikano | American |
| Amerikano ako | American + I. I am American. |
| pero | but |
| Amerikano ako pero Filipino ang etnisidad ko. | American + I + but + Filipino + ang + ethnicity + my.I am American but my ethnicity is Filipino. |
Note: If one wanted to say, for example, “I’m a citizen of the United States,” one could probably say “Mamamayan ako ng Estados Unidos.” However, in colloquial Tagalog, one would probably say, “Amerikano ako.” (I am an American citizen.)
DIALOGUE C
Read the following dialogue between Ralph and Melissa.
RALPH : Ano ang nasyonalidad mo, Melissa? What is your nationality, Melissa?
MELISSA : Amerikano ako. Pero Filipino ang etnisidad ko. Ikaw? I am American. But my ethnicity is Filipino. And you?
RALPH : Amerikano ako pero Italyano ang etnisidad ko. I am American, but my ethnicity is Italian.
VOCABULARY
Here are other nationalities and names of countries in Tagalog. Some of these words are borrowed from other languages, such as English or Spanish.
| English | Tagalog | |
| Country | People | |
| United States | Estados Unidos | Amerikano |
| Japan | Hapon | Hapon (m)/Haponesa (f) |
| China | Tsina | Tsino (m)/Tsina (f) |
| Great Britain | Inglatera | Briton |
| Russia | Rusya | Ruso |
| Spain | Espanya | Kastila |
m = male; f = female
Now, try to answer the following questions:
1. Question: Ano ang etnisidad mo?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
2. Question: Ano ang nasyonalidad mo?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
SUMMING UP
Let us review what you have just learned in Chapter 2.
Fill in the blanks for the first two paragraphs about Ralph and Melissa. Then, using the cues in these two paragraphs, write a sentence about yourself.
Taga-_____________ si Melissa. Amerikano ____________. Nakatira siya ngayon sa ______________. _______________ ang etnisidad niya.
Taga-________________________ si Ralph. _______________________ siya. __________________ ngayon sa Makati. _________________ ang etnisidad __________________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
