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ОглавлениеCHAPTER 4
What is your mother’s name?
Ano ang pangalan ng nanay mo?
In this chapter, we will learn about family members and we will learn some adjectives.
Family Relations
Melissa and Mr. Tolentino discover that they are distantly related because Melissa’s aunt, Luna Sicat, is Mr. Tolentino’s second cousin.
Review/study the following words, phrases, and sentences used in the dialogue:
| nanay | mother |
| tatay | father |
| pamilya | family |
| taga-saan | from where |
| Taga-saan ang nanay mo? | From-where + ang + mother + your?Where is your mother from? |
| Taga-Cabanatuan ang nanay ko. | From-Cabanatuan + ang + mother + my.My mother is from Cabanatuan. |
| pamilya ng tatay ko | family + of + father + my. my father’s family |
| din | also |
| Taga-Cabanatuan din ang pamilya ng tatay ko. | From-Cabanatuan + also + ang family + of + father + my. My father’s family is also fromCabanatuan. |
| apelyido | last name, family name |
| Ano ang apelyido ng nanay mo? | What + ang + last name + of + mother + your?What is your mother’s last name? |
| kaano-ano | how are you related to (literally, how related) |
| Kaano-ano mo si Luna Sicat? | How related + you + si + Luna Sicat?How are you related to Luna Sicat? |
| tiya | aunt |
| Tiya ko siya. | Aunt + my + she. She is my aunt. (informal) |
| Tiya ko po siya. | She is my aunt. (formal) |
| pinsan | cousin |
| Pinsan ko siya. | Cousin + my + she. She is my cousin. |
| kapatid | sibling, brother/sister |
| Kapatid ko siya. | Sibling + my + he/she. He/she is my sibling. |
| magkapatid | siblings |
| kami | we |
| Magkapatid kami. | Siblings + we. We are siblings. |
| lola | grandmother |
| lolo | grandfather |
| mga | word used to make a noun plural |
| mga lola | grandmothers |
| mga lolo | grandfathers |
| Magkapatid ang mga lola namin. | Siblings + ang + grandmothers + our.Our grandmothers are siblings. |
| tiyo | uncle |
| pala | expression used when something is unexpected (used like Oh!) |
| Tiyo ko kayo. | Uncle + my + you. You are my uncle. |
| Tiyo ko pala kayo! | Uncle + my + oh + you! Oh, so you are my uncle! |
| kaya | because (literally, that’s why) |
| maganda | beautiful |
| Maganda ka. | Beautiful + you. You are beautiful. |
| Kaya pala maganda ka. | That’s why + oh + beautiful + you.So that’s why you’re beautiful. |
DIALOGUE A
MR. TOLENTINO : Taga-saan ang nanay mo, Melissa? Where is your mother from, Melissa?
MELISSA : Taga-Cabanatuan po. From Cabanatuan.
MR. TOLENTINO : Talaga? Taga-Cabanatuan din ang pamilya ng tatay ko. Ano ba ang apelyido ng nanay mo? Really? My father’s family is also from Cabanatuan. What is your mother’s family name?
MELISSA : Sicat po. Sicat.
MR. TOLENTINO : Kaano-ano mo si Luna Sicat? (How) are you related to Luna Sicat?
MELISSA : Tiya ko po siya. She is my aunt.
MR. TOLENTINO : Pinsan ko siya. Magkapatid ang mga lola namin. She is my cousin. Our grandmothers are sisters.
MELISSA : Tiyo ko pala kayo! You are my uncle!
MR. TOLENTINO : Kaya pala maganda ka. So that’s why you are beautiful.
VOCABULARY AND SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Here are additional words you can use when talking about your family. Also review how to pluralize nouns using the word mga, which you learned in Chapter 1.
| nanay/inay/ina | mother |
| tatay/itay/ama | father |
| magulang | parent |
| mga magulang | parents |
| anak | child |
| mga anak | children |
| kapatid | brother/sister |
| ate | elder sister |
| kuya | elder brother |
| lolo | grandfather |
| lola | grandmother |
| apo | grandchild |
| tiyo/tiyuhin/tito | uncle |
| tiya/tiyahin/tita | aunt |
| manugang na babae | daughter-in-law |
| manugang na lalaki | son-in-law |
| bayaw | brother-in-law |
| bilas | sister-in law |
| pamangkin | niece/nephew |
| alagang pusa | pet cat |
| alagang aso | pet dog |
| alagang hayop | pet |
| sino | who |
| Sino siya? | Who + he/she? Who is he/she? |
| Kapatid ko siya. | Sibling + my + he/she. He/she is my brother/sister. |
| ito | this |
| Sino ito? | Who + this? Who is this? |
| Alagang pusa ko ito. | Pet cat + my + this. This is my pet cat. |
To talk about the gender and age, you can use the following words, phrases and sentences.
| babae | woman/female |
| lalaki | man/male |
| bakla | gay |
| lesbiana | lesbian |
| transgender | transgender |
| Babae ang anak ko. | Female + ang + child + my. My child is female. |
| bata | young (adjective) (this can also mean child) |
| matanda | old |
| pa | still or yet (in this chapter) |
| bata pa | still young |
| mga anak | children |
| Bata pa ang mga anak ko. | Young + still + ang + children + my.My children are still young. |
| na | already (in this chapter) |
| matanda na | already old |
| Matanda na ang mga magulang ko. | Old + already + ang + parents + my.My parents are already old. |
| nasa | at, in, or on (in this chapter) |
| sapat | sufficient |
| gulang | age |
| nasa sapat na gulang | adult (literally, at sufficient age) |
| nasa sapat na gulang na | already an adult (literally, adult already) |
| Nasa wastong gulang na ako. | Adult + already + I. I am an adult. |
| bata | child (in this chapter) |
| Bata siya. | Child + he/she. He/she is a child. |
Here are some adjectives, phrases, and sentences that you can use when talking about your family members:
| maganda | beautiful; pretty (used for women) |
| guwapo/makisig | handsome (used for men) |
| mabait | good |
| masungit | grouchy |
| matalino | intelligent |
| matulungin | helpful |
| mahiyain | shy |
| masipag | hard-working |
| mayaman | rich |
| mahirap | poor |
| madaldal | talkative |
| matangkad | tall (used for people) |
| palakaibigan | friendly |
| Matangkad ang nanay ko. | Tall + ang + mother + my. My mother is tall. |
| Matulungin ang tatay ko. | Helpful + ang + father + my.My father is helpful. |
SENTENCE PRACTICE
Study the following sentence patterns, and then try to fill in the blanks.
Ako si Melissa. Cynthia ang pangalan ng nanay ko. Matalino siya.
Siya si Sarah. Arnold ang pangalan ng kapatid niya. Mabait si Arnold.
Ako si _________________. _____________ ang pangalan ng ___________
ko. ______________________ siya.
Now, try to write more sentences describing the members of your family.
___________________________________________________________________
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VOCABULARY AND CULTURE TIP (Familiarity) When you go shopping in the Philippines, some vendors or salespeople may call you ate (elder sister) or kuya (elder brother). Meanwhile, some news reporters call their audiences kapamilya (of the same family). Filipinos try to build personal connections by using words that refer to family members. Don’t be offended if someone calls you Elder Brother or Elder Sister!
VOCABULARY AND SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Review the adjectives you learned earlier in this chapter, and see how comparatives are used:
| mas | more |
| bata | young |
| mas bata | younger (literally, more young) |
| mas bata siya | younger + he/she. he/she is younger |
| akin | I, me, or my |
| sa | preposition used to mean in, on, or at |
| kaysa | than |
| kaysa sa akin | than me |
| Mas bata siya kaysa sa akin. | Younger + he/she + than + me.He/she is younger than me. |
| mas matangkad | taller |
| Mas matangkad siya kaysa sa akin. | Taller + he/she + than + I. He/she is taller than me. |
| pero | but |
| Mas bata siya kaysa sa akin pero mas matangkad. | Younger + he/she + than + me + but + taller.He/she is younger than me but taller. |
| pinaka- | prefix, most |
| pinakamatangkad | tallest (literally, most tall) |
| Pinakamatangkad ang tatay ko. | Tallest + ang + father + my.My father is the tallest. |
| pinakamaganda | most beautiful |
| sa pamilya | in the family |
| Pinakamaganda ang nanay ko sa pamilya. | Most beautiful + ang + mother + my + in + family.My mother is the most beautiful in the family. |
GRAMMAR
Comparatives and Superlatives
For comparatives, we use the words mas (more) before the adjective and kaysa (than) between the two people/objects being compared. In the sentence patterns below, note the use of the object marker kay (used when comparing people), and the preposition sa (used after kaysa with pronouns or when comparing objects). Kaysa can be omitted in conversational Tagalog.
| kay | object marker used before names or proper nouns |
| kaysa kay Sarah | than Sarah |
| sa | preposition used to mean in, an, on, etc. |
| kaysa sa kaibigan ko | than my friend |
| kaysa sa iyo | than you |
Ralph is taller than Sarah.
Mas matangkad si Ralph kaysa kay Sarah.
Mas matangkad si Ralph kay Sarah.
I am taller than you.
Mas matangkad ako kaysa sa iyo.
Mas matangkad ako sa iyo.
For superlatives, attach the affix pinaka- to the adjective. Note that you can change the word order. However, pronouns must come immediately after the adjective.
My elder sister is the most hard-working in the family.
Pinakamasipag ang ate ko sa pamilya.
Pinakamasipag sa pamilya ang ate ko.
I am the youngest in the family.
Pinakabata ako sa pamilya ko.
Family Picture
Ralph is showing Sarah a picture of his family.
SARAH : Sino ito? Who is this?
RALPH : Kapatid ko ito. Mas bata siya sa akin pero mas matangkad. This is my brother. He is younger but he is taller.
SARAH : Sino ang pinakamatangkad? Who is the tallest?
RALPH : Ang tatay ko. My father.
SARAH : Sino ang pinakamaganda? Who is the prettiest?
RALPH : Pinakamaganda ang nanay ko sa pamilya. My mother is the prettiest.
GRAMMAR
Pronouns
Let us review/study pronouns using this chart.
Personal pronouns chart
| Subject pronouns | Object pronouns | Possessive adjectives | Possessive pronouns |
| ako I | akin me | ko, akin my | akin mine |
| ikaw, ka you | iyo you | mo, iyo your | iyo yours |
| siya he/she | kanya her/him | niya, kanya his/her | kanya his/hers |
| kami(exclusive) wetayo(inclusive) we(means we + you) | amin(exclusive) usatin(inclusive) us(means us + you) | amin, namin(inclusive) ouratin, natin(exclusive)our (means our + your) | amin(inclusive) oursatin(exclusive)ours (meansours + yours) |
| kayo you(plural) | inyo you(plural) | inyo, ninyo yourplural) | ninyo yours(plural) |
| sila they | kanila them | nila, kanila their | kanila theirs |
Notes:
1. Sometimes two pronouns can be used to mean the same thing. An example is ko and akin, both of which mean my. However, in the case of akin, you need the linker na, to link it to the noun or subject.
| nanay ko | my mother (literally, mother my) |
| Siya ang nanay ko. | She + ang + mother + my. She is my mother. |
| aking (contraction of akin + na) | my |
| aking nanay | my mother |
| Siya ang aking nanay. | She + ang + my + mother. She is my mother. |
2. A characteristic of the Tagalog language that is difficult for learners to grasp is the flexibility of meaning. Among the pronouns, for example, akin can mean me, my, and mine.
| Mas matangkad siya kaysa sa akin. | Taller + he/she + than + me.He/she is taller than me. |
| Matangkad ang aking tatay. | Tall + ang + my + father. My father is tall. |
| Akin ito. | Mine + this. This is mine. |
QUESTION AND ANSWER PRACTICE
Answer these questions and talk about your family. Or, use your imagination and talk about a fictitious family.
1. Question: Sino ang pinakamatangkad sa pamilya mo?
Answer: Pinakamatangkad si __________________ sa pamilya ko.
2. Question: Sino ang mas bata, si ___________ o si ________________?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
3. Question: Sino ang pinakamabait?
Answer: ____________________________________________________.
4. Question: ____________________________________________________?
Answer: Mas matalino si ____________ kaysa kay ______________.
5. Question: ____________________________________________________?
Answer: Mas masungit ang pusa ko kaysa sa aso ko.
SUMMING UP
Let us try to sum up what you have learned in Chapter 4.
Talk or write a few sentences about your family. Use adjectives, including comparatives and superlatives.
