Читать книгу Supplier Diversity For Dummies - Kathey K. Porter - Страница 61

As I explain in Chapter 2, calls to address diversity began in the 1960s, when the postwar prosperity still hadn’t reached all segments of society. This disparity inspired unrest and new demands for equality and economic access within the Black community.

President Kennedy first introduced affirmative action legislation in 1961, a method of rectifying discrimination that had persisted despite civil rights laws and constitutional guarantees. It focused on education and jobs and required companies to take active measures to ensure that Blacks and people from other marginalized groups enjoyed the same opportunities for promotions, salary increases, career advancement, school admissions, scholarships, and financial aid that had been nearly exclusively reserved for whites. It was designed as a temporary remedy that would end after a level playing field for all Americans had been attained.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 signed by President Lyndon Johnson prohibited employment discrimination based on race, sex, color, religion, and national origin and gave rise to the creation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to enforce Title VII and eliminate unlawful employment discrimination. As discrimination in the workplace persisted, the Equal Opportunity Commission (EEOC) set guidelines focused on the culture-at-large and made it a lawful offense. Their goal was to make sweeping changes in the U.S. workplace culture and address how to expand the workforce to include “historically underrepresented populations.”

Most historians agree diversity initiatives began in earnest because of a report during the late 1980s. The report indicated that “only 15 percent of the new entrants to the labor force over the next 13 years will be native white males, compared to 47 percent in that category today,” and that for the United States to keep thriving, lawmakers needed to address three things:

 “Maintain the dynamism of an aging workforce” (In other words, ensure that the workforce is able to stay active and engaged.)

 Address the “conflicting needs of women, work, and families”

 “Integrate Black and Hispanic workers fully into the economy”

This realization really hit home, especially within the business community. The 1980s were a formative decade in history. The United States was trying to reestablish itself as a global power, especially compared to other up-and-coming economies such as China. Diversity initiatives became an important piece to advance the U.S. workforce, expand industry, and maintain America’s global dominance.

During this time, an increasing number of corporations launched diversity initiatives. They focused largely on recruitment and getting workers of different backgrounds in the door. However, they soon found that they had no guarantee those workers would stay.