Читать книгу English Grammar with Kudjo. Part 3. Понятная и забавная грамматика для детей и взрослых. - - Страница 9

There are three non-finite verb forms (verbals): the infinitive, the gerund and the participle.

The gerund is a common part of speech that most of us use every day, whether we know it or not.

For example, in the sentence Luna loves shopping.

«shopping’ is gerund

Gerunds are words that are formed with verbs but act as nouns.

Gerunds are formed from verbs by adding ING: go – going; play – playing; talk – talking. Gerunds can be formed from most verbs (except modal verbs).

Whenever there are two verbs together, one right after the other, the second verb must be in either the gerund form or the infinitive form.

What I mean is, we can never say She wanted go. or They enjoy run.

The second verb has to change, and the first verb dictates what form the second verb will be. To make these sentences correct, we have to say She wanted to go. or They enjoy running.

But why? And why can’t we say, She wanted going?

The simplest answer is, because there are certain rules we have to follow. Some verbs must be followed by gerunds.

Thus, we say Kudjo enjoys doing jigsaw puzzles. and we can never say He enjoys to do puzzles.

The list of the verbs that are followed by gerunds is not so big. The most common are:

love, like, dislike, hate, enjoy, prefer, finish, avoid, admit, confess to, consider, continue, deny, discuss, keep (=continue), look forward to, feel like, can’t help, imagine, fancy, miss, mind (in questions and negative sentences), can’t stand, object to, quit, pracrise, risk, spend, suggest, understand, etc.

EXERCISE 1

Find the proper verb and put it into the form of gerund: chat, take, get up, eat, get, look for, see, go, follow, gossip, stay, lie

1 Kudjo and Chilly spent all the morning ***** the boarding house.

2 Luna enjoys ***** and the girls spent all the night *****.

3 In the morning Cuba felt like ***** in bed till the evening.

4 But she couldn’t help ***** to join Luna for breakfast.

5 She knows Luna can’t stand ***** alone.

6 After breakfast Cuba and Luna were looking forward to ***** Kudjo and Chilly but they didn’t come.

7 Cuba found the message from Chilly, where he admitted ***** to the boarding place without them.

8 Luna and Cuba objected to ***** at home while the boys were having an adventure in the boarding house.

9 Luna suggested ***** Kudjo and Chilly.

10 Luna and Cuba will risk ***** into trouble if they go to this place on their own.

11 They prefer ***** a risk to feeling bored at home.

EXERCISE 2

Make up the sentences about our main characters using given verbs followed by the gerund:

For example,

Luna / can’t stand – Luna can’t stand having rows with Kudjo.

1 Kudjo / risk

2 Chilly / look forward to

3 Cuba / admit

4 Luna / enjoy

5 Luna’s parents / don’t mind

6 Luna’s ancestors / avoid

7 Kudjo and Luna / can’t help

8 Kudjo and Chilly / object to

9 Chilly and Cuba / prefer