Читать книгу Грамматика и лексика английского для школьников. Понятный учебник для начинающих по темам школьной программы - - Страница 10
Demonstratives: this / that / these / those
ОглавлениеGrammar Focus
Указательные местоимения
Demonstratives используются, чтобы показать, о каком предмете или человеке мы говорим. В английском языке есть четыре основных формы: this, that, these, those.
This / These
This – этот, эта, это (единственное число, близко к говорящему)
These – эти (множественное число, близко к говорящему)
Examples:
This book is interesting. – Эта книга интересная.
These chairs are comfortable. – Эти стулья удобные.
That / Those
That – тот, та, то (единственное число, далеко от говорящего)
Those – те (множественное число, далеко от говорящего)
Examples:
That tree is very tall. – То дерево очень высокое.
Those houses are old. – Те дома старые.
Типичные ошибки школьников
This chairs are new.
Those book is on the table.
These tree is big.
Правильно
These chairs are new.
That book is on the table.
This tree is big.
Совет
Сначала определяй число существительного: единственное или множественное.
Затем думай о расстоянии до говорящего: близко – this / these, далеко – that / those.
Story
Jack is in his room. On his desk, there is a notebook. This notebook is new, and Jack likes it very much. Next to the notebook, there are some pencils. These pencils are colourful and sharp.
Outside the window, Jack can see a big tree. That tree is very old and tall. On the street, there are two dogs running. Those dogs look happy and friendly.
Jack takes his notebook and pencils and goes to the park. He sits under that tree and starts drawing. He uses these pencils to make colourful pictures. Jack enjoys spending time with his art and watching those dogs playing in the sun.
Useful Words and Expressions
this – этот, эта, это
that – тот, та, то
these – эти
those – те
desk – письменный стол
notebook – тетрадь
pencil – карандаш
tree – дерево
dog – собака
window – окно
street – улица
park – парк
art – рисование, творчество
to draw – рисовать
colourful – цветной
big – большой
old – старый
tall – высокий
Exercises
Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks
___ book on the desk is mine.
___ pencils are very sharp.
___ tree outside is very tall.
___ dogs on the street are friendly.
I like ___ notebook on the desk.
Exercise 2. Choose the correct option
Which is correct?
a) These tree is old.
b) This tree is old.
c) That trees is old.
Choose the correct option:
___ dogs are running in the park.
a) This
b) These
c) Those
Fill the blank:
I want ___ pencil.
a) that
b) those
c) these
Exercise 3. Answer the questions
What does Jack have on his desk?
How does Jack describe his pencils?
What can Jack see outside the window?
Where does Jack go with his notebook and pencils?
How does Jack use his pencils in the park?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
This book on the desk is mine.
These pencils are very sharp.
That tree outside is very tall.
Those dogs on the street are friendly.
I like this notebook on the desk.
Exercise 2
b) This tree is old.
c) Those dogs are running in the park.
a) that
Exercise 3
On his desk, Jack has a notebook and some pencils.
Jack’s pencils are colourful and sharp.
Outside the window, Jack can see a big tree and two dogs running on the street.
Jack goes to the park with his notebook and pencils.
Jack uses his pencils to draw colourful pictures under the tree.
Mini Tips
This / These – для предметов близко к вам.
That / Those – для предметов далеко от вас.
Сначала проверяйте число существительного, затем расстояние.
Показывайте предмет руками или пальцем, когда учите детей: это помогает закрепить понимание.