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Grammar Focus

Личные местоимения в английском языке

Личные местоимения показывают, кто выполняет действие. В английском языке они всегда стоят перед глаголом.

Основные личные местоимения:

I – я

you – ты / вы

he – он

she – она

it – он / она / оно (для предметов и животных)

we – мы

they – они

В отличие от русского языка, местоимение нельзя опускать.

Am happy.

I am happy.

Глагол to be (быть)

Глагол to be используется:

для описания состояния

возраста

профессии

места нахождения

В настоящем времени он имеет три формы: am, is, are.

Examples:

I am a student. – Я ученик.

She is twelve years old. – Ей двенадцать лет.

They are at school. – Они в школе.

Вопросы и отрицания с to be

Вопрос: глагол to be ставится перед подлежащим.

Is he your friend? – Он твой друг?

Отрицание: добавляется not.

She is not tired. – Она не устала.

Типичные ошибки

She are my sister.

He twelve years old.

Is student.

Правильно:

She is my sister.

He is twelve years old.

He is a student.

Story

Anna is thirteen years old. She is a student at a small school near her home. Every morning she is ready for lessons on time. Her favourite subject is English, and she is very interested in it.

Anna has a best friend. His name is Mark. He is in the same class, and they are good classmates. Mark is friendly and helpful. He is often ready to explain difficult things.

At school, Anna and Mark are active students. They are not afraid of making mistakes. Their teacher is kind and patient. She is proud of her students because they try their best.

After school, Anna is at home with her family. Her parents are busy, but they are always supportive. Anna feels happy because she knows she is not alone. She believes that learning English is interesting and useful for her future.

Useful Words and Expressions

personal pronoun – личное местоимение

verb to be – глагол to be

student – ученик

classmate – одноклассник

favourite subject – любимый предмет

friendly – дружелюбный

helpful – полезный, готовый помочь

ready – готовый

proud – гордый

busy – занятый

kind – добрый

patient – терпеливый

at home – дома

at school – в школе

interested in – интересоваться

to explain – объяснять

to try one’s best – стараться изо всех сил

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct form of to be

I ___ thirteen years old.

They ___ good friends.

She ___ not ready for the test.

We ___ at school now.

He ___ my classmate.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer

Which sentence is correct?

a) She are my friend.

b) She is my friend.

c) She am my friend.

Choose the correct form:

«I ___ interested in English.»

a) are

b) is

c) am

Which sentence is a question?

a) They are at home.

b) Are they at home?

c) They not are at home.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions

How old is Anna and where does she study?

Who is Mark and what is he like?

Why is the teacher proud of the students?

Where is Anna after school?

How does Anna feel about learning English?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

I am thirteen years old.

They are good friends.

She is not ready for the test.

We are at school now.

He is my classmate.

Exercise 2

b) She is my friend.

c) am

b) Are they at home?

Exercise 3

Anna is thirteen years old and she studies at a small school near her home. She is a student there.

Mark is Anna’s best friend and classmate. He is friendly and helpful.

The teacher is proud of the students because they try their best and are not afraid of mistakes.

After school, Anna is at home with her family. She feels supported by her parents.

Anna feels positive about learning English. She believes it is interesting and useful for her future.

Mini Tips

Никогда не опускай местоимение в английском предложении.

Запомни: I – am, he/she/it – is, we/you/they – are.

Проверяй себя: если нет глагола действия, скорее всего нужен to be.