Читать книгу Reconstructing Earth's Climate History - Kristen St. John - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
7 Book Introduction to the Second Edition for Students and Instructors Motivation and Purpose Use of Real Data Content Topics Transportable Skills Practical Use of Multipart Exercises Audience Classroom Tested
9 Chapter 1: Introduction to Paleoclimate Records Part 1.1. Archives and Proxies Part 1.2. Obtaining Cores from Terrestrial and Marine Paleoclimate Archives Part 1.3. Owens Lake – An Introductory Case Study of Paleoclimate Reconstruction References
10 Chapter 2: Seafloor Sediments Part 2.1. Sediment Predictions Part 2.2. Core Observation and Description Part 2.3. Sediment Composition Part 2.4. Seafloor Sediment Synthesis References
11 Chapter 3: Geologic Time and Geochronology Part 3.1. The Geologic Timescale Part 3.2. Principles of Stratigraphy and Determining Relative Ages Part 3.3. Radiometric Age Dating Fundamentals Part 3.4. Using40K – 40Ar Dating to Determine the Numerical Ages of Layered Volcanic Rocks Part 3.5. Using Uranium Series Dating to Determine Changes in Growth Rate of Speleothems References
12 Chapter 4: Paleomagnetism and Magnetostratigraphy Part 4.1. Earth's Magnetic Field Today and the Paleomagnetic Record of Deep‐Sea Sediments Part 4.2. History of Discovery: Paleomagnetism in Ocean Crust and Marine Sediments Part 4.3. Using Paleomagnetism to Test the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis Part 4.4. The Geomagnetic Polarity Timescale References
13 Chapter 5: Microfossils and Biostratigraphy Part 5.1. What Are Microfossils? Why Are They Important in Climate Change Science? Part 5.2. Microfossils in Deep‐Sea Sediments Part 5.3. Application of Microfossil First and Last Occurrences Part 5.4. Using Microfossil Datums to Calculate Sedimentation Rates Part 5.5. How Reliable Are Microfossil Datums? Part 5.6. Organic‐Walled Microfossils: Marine Dinoflagellates and Terrestrial Pollen and Spores References
14 Chapter 6: CO2 as a Climate Regulator During the Phanerozoic and Today Part 6.1. The Short‐Term Global Carbon Cycle Part 6.2. CO2 and Temperature Part 6.4. The Long‐Term Global Carbon Cycle, CO2, and Phanerozoic Climate History Part 6.5. Carbon Isotopes as a Tool for Tracking Changes in the Carbon Cycle References
15 Chapter 7: Oxygen Isotopes as Proxies of Climate Change Part 7.1. Introduction to Oxygen Isotope Records from Ice and Ocean Sediments Part 7.2. The Hydrologic Cycle and Isotopic Fractionation Part 7.3. δ18O in Meteoric Water and Glacial Ice Part 7.4. δ18O in Marine Sediments References
16 Chapter 8: Climate Cycles Part 8.1. Patterns and Periodicities Part 8.2. Orbital Metronome Part 8.3. Glacial–Interglacial Periods and Modern Climate Change References
17 Chapter 9: The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) Event Part 9.1. An Important Discovery Part 9.2. Global Consequences of the PETM Part 9.3. Two Hypotheses for the Cause of the PETM Part 9.4. Rates of Onset and Duration of Event Part 9.5. Global Warming Today and Lessons from the PETM References
18 Chapter 10: Glaciation of Antarctica Part 10.1. Initial Evidence Part 10.2. Evidence for Global Change Part 10.3. Mountain Building, Weathering, CO2 and Climate Part 10.4. Legacy of the Oi1 Event: The Development of the Psychrosphere References
19 Chapter 11: Antarctic Climate Variability in the Neogene Part 11.1. What Do We Think We Know About the History of Antarctic Climate? Part 11.2. What is Antarctica's Geographic and Geologic Context? Part 11.3. Selecting Drillsites to Best Answer our Questions Part 11.4. What Sediment Facies are Common on the Antarctic Margin? Part 11.5. The BIG Picture of ANDRILL 1‐B References
20 Chapter 12: Pliocene Warmth as an Analog for Our Future Part 12.1. The Last 5 Million Years Part 12.2. Pliocene Latitudinal Temperature Gradient Part 12.3. Estimates of Pliocene CO2 Part 12.4. Sea Level Past, Present, and Future References
21 Chapter 13: Climate, Climate Change, and Life Part 13.1. Initial Ideas Part 13.2. The Long View: “Precambrian” and Phanerozoic Life and Climate Part 13.3. Examples of Cenozoic Terrestrial Evolution and Climate Connections Part 13.4. Examples of Cenozoic Marine Biotic Evolution and Climate Connections Part 13.5. Humanity, Climate, and Life Part 13.6. Humanity and Future Climate: At a Tipping Point References
22 Chapter 14: Climate Change and Civilization Part 14.1. Climate Change Here and Now Part 14.2. Evidence of Climatic Stress on Ancient Maya Civilization Part 14.3. The Precipitation Record of the North American Southwest: The Physical Record and Human Response References
23 Index
