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Alexei Kosygin

Alexei Kosygin. Birth – 1904, St. Petersburg… in 1919—1921, service in the labor units of the Red Army, study at the Petrograd Cooperative Technical School, … the work of the planning department of the Siberian Union of consumer cooperation. In 1930, Alexei Nikolayevich returned to Leningrad, entered the Leningrad Textile Institute (simply – “Rag”) and ended it. Since 1936, he works as a foreman… chief of a factory change, and a year later he becomes director himself.

It can not be said that last year’s student possesses exceptional qualities as a manager, and brilliant charisma, but the field of vacancies was thoroughly cleared by the Great Terror of 1937. Most likely, many of those who perished could eclipse Alexei Kosygin – we will never know that… At that time, as in the central regions of the RSFSR, each functionary is a promoter of some repressed (pulling into the abyss and protégé) statesman, our hero resides in a relatively calm Siberia. Moreover, without a reasonable explanation of the reasons, Kosygin impressed Stalin himself. So, after some swinging, in 1939 Alexei Nikolaevich became People’s Commissar of the textile industry of the USSR. During the war years, he occupies various positions of responsibility, evacuates factories to the Urals (more than 1500 major enterprises), works on “Dear Life” to the besieged Leningrad, etc. In 1948, despite the proximity to people designated “enemies of the people “Kosygin manages to survive the” Leningrad case. “He becomes deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, and also a candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU (B.). In the summer of 1953, Alexei heads, the Ministry of Food Products Industry, assembled from several ministries, gives this project a move, and returns to its previous post. Already under Brezhnev, in 1964 A. Kosygin became head of the government (yes-yes) of the USSR.

The famous “golden five-year plan” of Kosygin starts. On the one hand, the stock of enthusiasm and spiritual strength of the people has not completely dried up yet. On the other hand, government structures were abandoned by the original revolutionaries; trying at least naively, rudely and awkwardly, but still create a new social order. The situation is reminiscent of how doctors support life in the patient: they change the droppers, monitor the ventilation of the lungs, sometimes even carry them through hospital corridors. Day by day, the same food. So it can last a long time… but, it’s not that. Correctly developing organism struggles with illnesses independently… and grows. For life, a person needs a dream, waiting for tomorrow… at least believing that something very good will happen in his time. The authorities cease to produce even such promises. The self-activity of the people itself is mechanically extinguished in the localities.

Nevertheless, some rational approach to the organization of the economy is bearing fruit. Multiplication of national income reaches 33% per year. Enterprises expand their independence. Part of the profit goes not directly to the state budget, but remains for the development of the enterprise, premiums, and attached schools-kindergartens (so-called “social”). The director can not send the received increase to the pocket only to himself, the adored accountant, the secretary, but to the general salary fund, to arrange the life of workers, a new stadium, or a dining room – please.

The oil and gas producing complex receives a powerful development. In fact, all the infrastructure now used by the oligarchs – “Friends of the Self” – oil rigs, pipelines, roads, cities and towns in Siberia, was created during the times of Alexei Kosygin. However, for many reasons that have not been fully understood, the head of the government can not arrange the export of processed products.

The strength of Alexei Nikolaevich himself is running low. In 1968, he lost an important spiritual support – the wife of Claudia Andreevna. After 6 years, a stroke occurs.

In 1979 A. Kosygin, the only member of the Politburo, simply categorically objected to the introduction of Soviet troops into Afghanistan. But, the former principle of a reasonable Brezhnev collegiality now no longer works. The Chairman has time to make an important contribution to the organization of the Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980, before submitting an application for care in connection with the deterioration of health. A week later, the former head of the Government of the USSR leaves the state dacha, moves to a modest apartment, taking with him only personal belongings and books. Alexei anticipates that now everything will go wrong, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan 1981—1985. will be completely, not at all “golden” – but it can not do anything any more…

Substitutions for A. Kosygin – responsible, business, modest in the way of life… not a drinking statesman, no.

Private life – the only wife, Claudia Andreevna, daughter. Hobby – skiing, canoeing, walking along mountain trails.

Leonid Brezhnev

Leonid Brezhnev. Birth – 1906, with. Kamenskoye (Dneprodzerzhinsk), Ekaterinoslav province (now Dneprovsk region, Ukraine), … working at a butter mill, studying at the Kursk land-reclamation technical school. Until 1929 – L. Brezhnev – surveyor and land surveyor. Further, fate leads him into the power offices, where Leonid Ilich practices the skills of not only land in the posts of deputy chairman of the district executive committee and deputy head of the Ural Land Administration. L. Brezhnev raises the qualification in the universities of Moscow and Dneprodzerzhinsk, serves in the army as an officer-tanker, becomes secretary of the Dnepropetrovsk Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. During the Great Patriotic War, the chief of the Political Department of the 18th Army, Colonel Brezhnev, in particular, organized the resistance of Soviet troops on the “Little Earth” bridgehead near Novorossiysk. Recall, the bridgehead is formed on February 4, 1943 as a result of the partially unsuccessful operation of the Red Army to liberate the city of Novorossiysk. The main, sea and air assault forces, due to inadequate fire support, are being retreated, the auxiliary one, using captured weapons, ammunition, etc., seizes the territories later named “Lesser Earth”. Soldiers are building a network of trenches, dugouts, defending a bridgehead for 225 days. Brigade Commissar LI Brezhnev is on the front lines, conducts classes, which now would be called “training for team building” and in general, it shows itself not bad. On June 24, 1945, Major-General Leonid Ilyich took part in the Victory Parade on Red Square.

…According to some sources, Leonid Brezhnev is one of ten armed generals who arrived in the Kremlin for the arrest of L. P. Beria.

From the submission of Khrushchev, LB, who became the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, manages the development of virgin lands, as well as the construction of the Baikonur cosmodrome.

Since May 1960, L. Brezhnev – Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. It sounds very, very solid, but still, the main secretary in this System is the First Secretary of the Central Committee. In 1964 Khrushchev dismisses Brezhnev from a high post, replacing him (his friend) Anastas Mikoyan. Brezhnev, already with his longtime friend, Nikolai Podgorny, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, secretary (one of several) of the CPSU Central Committee, and other interested persons, is advancing. At the extraordinary meeting of the Presidium convened, Leonid Brezhnev satisfied his former patron with a thorough separation. Nikita Sergeyevich understands that he is stumped, reports Mikoyan (“I will not fight”) and, at the second meeting, with the words “Finally, the party grew and can control any person” (the option “do without blood”), Games for retirement.

So, in 1965 the Golden Five-Year Plan of Kosygin starts. The real welfare of citizens during this time increases by more than 2.2 times. It can be said that now the collective leadership is being implemented: five or six members of the Central Committee are significant instead of a “leader.” But, by and large, there is still no feedback system with government bodies. You can change anything on the ground only if, for example, your letter (one of many thousands) is published in a central newspaper.

…It should be repeated. A huge country ruled 5—6, maybe 10 people – “Friends” of the General Secretary. This, of course, is much better than the single “leader” granted to the whims of his split psyche, but there is simply no one to correct these people, in case of their serious mistake, or, perhaps, even a direct betrayal of the interests of their country. Civil institutions, communities, most importantly, independent, speaking people, there is not (or the “security service” immediately takes them for the mentally ill). A similar system develops in science, art, and all branches of industry. Artistic councils do not allow creative groups to develop. KGB chief Yuri Andropov, for the sake of the “economic scouts” he loves, drives the groups of initiative masters into the awkward giant VNIITSEVT, makes mindlessly copy IBM 360; completely stopping all this development of domestic computers. In 1969, Americans make a global breakthrough: they create a computer network ARPANET, a connection between the scientific institutions of the United States, England… the entire developed Western world, the prototype of the modern Internet. In the USSR this epoch-making movement remains practically unnoticed.

And all that sort of thing.

Under Khrushchev, the five-million-strong Soviet Army and Navy are largely reduced. This is, of course, a good thing. However, officers are subject to unacceptable humiliations. Yes, they do not know how to do anything more often, often the colonial majors have to occupy very insignificant posts, up to the collective farm shepherd; but, after all, we understand that this is not the way to deal with people.

Under Leonid Brezhnev and his Friends, the Armed Forces of the USSR (not restrained, for example, awakened by the high consciousness of the people), and the military-industrial complex, take an excellent revenge. Armored vehicles are produced. Many, many tanks and armored personnel carriers. All of them are stored in vast fields, open-air, throughout the USSR, and there, without due maintenance and attention, gradually die. NATO countries focus on helicopters, air defense assets, guided missiles and other high-tech products; high mobility and efficiency. As practice showed, this decision is quite appropriate. So, in Afghanistan, the Soviet tanks T-64, T-72, (with a slight elevation of the gun, very vulnerable from above, gluttonous and overweight) did not make a special impression on the Mujahideen; while helicopters Mi-24 – more than.

Defense spending on the Internet, specific numbers, and not lengthy reasoning on a given topic, is rather difficult to find. The ratio of military spending in the general budget of opponents is somewhat trusting: the USSR – 18%, the USA – 6%.

The number of the Soviet Army is increasing, from 2 million in 1970 to 5.5 million in 1985. And, as we are now friends, a huge but not motivated military armada does not at all guarantee the security and integrity of the state. On the contrary, it only contributes to its disintegration in every possible way.

…Since 1964 the organization “Council for Mutual Economic Assistance” (CMEA) is coming to full capacity, uniting the most developed socialist countries of the world. The beginning of it, recall, believes the decision of Stalin (1949), as well as the actual reception for the maintenance of future satellites in 1945—1947. For example, only Romania (an agrarian country), a recent ally of Hitler’s Germany, who lost 0.5 million of its soldiers in the war (and contributed to the death of probably a comparable number of Soviet soldiers), gratuitously received 480,000 tons of wheat and corn. During the same period, at least 800,000 people died of starvation in the Soviet Union, mostly collective farmers and (not having any allowances) disabled veterans of the war.

The continuation of the CMEA, in general, corresponds to its beginning. The currency of the organization is the so-called transfer (non-cash) ruble. Money that can not be cashed, presented in the form of a ringing coin or a crispy note – are dead. Moreover, despite the national name; “The ruble”, the USSR in principle does not have the ability to print these banknotes so much as to pay off all debts, and buy in the CMEA member countries as much as they put up for sale. In this, the monetary policy of the Soviet Union is radically different from that in the United States. The American Fed produces exactly that, live money – gray-green dollars, which, despite their theoretical lack of gold, you can touch, hide in your pocket, pay for a tank of gasoline, or, say, big poppy. The countries – the satellites of the USA, and not only, greedily buy up these material banknotes, enter into the internal circulation, pay off among themselves, and with the whole world. Not quite honest, but more than effective. Rothschilds, Rockefellers, senators and presidents … the whole American nation understands that buddies who are constantly sitting on their neck, feeling themselves in debt, will betray you at any convenient moment.

…In 1965, the USSR gave Poland licenses, a full cycle of production of the most popular aircraft AN-2 and Mi-2 helicopters. Of course, this is just one of a great many examples of not mutually beneficial cooperation. Most of the industrial production, transport, power capacity in the Eastern Bloc (Warsaw Pact, CMEA) was established by the Soviet Union. The essential difference between the organization of the Warsaw Pact (from 1955) and NATO, incidentally, is that a significant share of common arms is produced by Western European countries. This is their contribution to the North Atlantic Alliance… which can be replaced by resources, or simply (live) money. In the Eastern bloc, weapons for almost 8 million soldiers supply the industrial capacities of the Soviet Union. Or, the USSR has to purchase these weapons – paying, for example, for the Mi-2 mentioned above, with transferable (provided by real goods and resources) rubles to the socialist Poland. The assessment of general assistance to Cuba, the DPRK, China, Iraq, India, Egypt, Syria, Libya, Vietnam, Laos, Afghanistan, Algeria, Ethiopia, Somalia, Albania, Nicaragua and other non-European socialist (or simply “friendly”) countries is difficult, but on the basis of some data the number of “400 billion not devalued dollars” seems plausible. In order, at least approximately, to convert this amount into its modern equivalent, it is necessary to multiply 0.4 trillion by 4. And still, it would be somehow tolerable if from this donation there appeared at least some economic, even if only moral return. “Who feeds the girl at the restaurant, he dances with her” – this widely known, psychologically quite justified situation in this case does not work. The Soviet Union feeds its “girls” year after year, waiting for love, but they show some enthusiasm only with the next supply of weapons and food. At the same time, sometimes, the followers behave with respect to the “teacher” very aggressively, and in a boorish way. So, Albania simply selects four submarines from the USSR at the base in Vlora, Cuba physically prevents the dismantling of rocket launchers on its territory, etc. Two truly democratic countries never fight each other, autocratic or totalitarian – quite self. Everything depends on a whim that lacks a real connection with the people of the leaders: the degree of indigestion of their stomach, migraine, toothache, nighttime “prophetic” sleep, nervous illness, or middle-aged crisis. Undoubtedly, the Soviet people discourage such things as the war between the socialist countries: Ethiopia and Somalia, China and Vietnam, … the suppression by Soviet troops of speeches in Czechoslovakia, and, of course, almost resulted in the Third World Conflict of the USSR and the Maoist PRC.

The assistance of the Union to African countries leads, in the end (in addition to other factors) to the collapse of the apartheid regime in South Africa, the expulsion of hundreds of thousands of European colonists from the developed lands; The immersion of once prosperous states in the abyss of chaos.

…So, the countries of the socialist camp only say sometimes about sympathy for the Soviet Union – but more substantial evidence of this love is not provided. There are no Soviet, chic and very inexpensive resorts in the victorious Vietnam, Laos, Egypt, Syria… ocean tours to Cuba. These countries do not accept good Soviet rubles for payment… In the end, the understanding that mercantile “girls” are simply “dynamiting” their patron, reaches the consciousness of the entire Soviet people (even, it seems, its top leaders).

The approach to the US business is completely different. If a certain country really wants to learn something, it must honor its teacher, pay it well, follow all instructions, and be ready (if something goes wrong at all) to take a refreshing dose of rods.

Example: Soviet military attaches arrive in Libya to create a full-fledged army there, and at the same time enlighten the leadership of the “Jamahiriya” about building the right socialism. The weapons purchased by the Arab Republic from the USSR on credit (and, therefore, free of charge, that is, for nothing) are so numerous that 300 aircraft of various types, dozens of helicopters, 4,000 tanks, antiaircraft complexes, etc., stand in the desert, just covered with pieces of tarpaulin.

In this, absolutely non-democratic country, there are no legal norms or norms supported by the people’s charters and regulations. Everything depends, solely, on the leader of Moammar Gaddafi, his closest relatives, friends and, perhaps, the communicative skills of those who wish to somehow interact with them.

Soviet military advisers isolate, prohibit any movement beyond 15 km. from the base, exclude communication with the highest officials of the state, if they suddenly themselves do not condescend to it. Higher officers huddle almost in the Bedouin tents, and, until then, they are eating what they have. The small print on the Libyan passports issued to military and civilian specialists is “Hired force – one of the varieties of slaves.” … In 1965, the USSR gave Poland licenses, a full cycle of production of the most popular aircraft AN-2 and Mi-2 helicopters. Of course, this is just one of a great many examples of not mutually beneficial cooperation. Most of the industrial production, transport, power capacity in the Eastern Bloc (Warsaw Pact, CMEA) was established by the Soviet Union. The essential difference between the organization of the Warsaw Pact (from 1955) and NATO, incidentally, is that a significant share of common arms is produced by Western European countries. This is their contribution to the North Atlantic Alliance… which can be replaced by resources, or simply (live) money. In the Eastern bloc, weapons for almost 8 million soldiers supply the industrial capacities of the Soviet Union. Or, the USSR has to purchase these weapons – paying, for example, for the Mi-2 mentioned above, with transferable (provided by real goods and resources) rubles to the socialist Poland. The assessment of general assistance to Cuba, the DPRK, China, Iraq, India, Egypt, Syria, Libya, Vietnam, Laos, Afghanistan, Algeria, Ethiopia, Somalia, Albania, Nicaragua and other non-European socialist (or simply “friendly”) countries is difficult, but on the basis of some data the number of “400 billion not devalued dollars” seems plausible. In order, at least approximately, to convert this amount into its modern equivalent, it is necessary to multiply 0.4 trillion by 4. And still, it would be somehow tolerable if from this donation there appeared at least some economic, even if only moral return. “Who feeds the girl at the restaurant, he dances with her” – this widely known, psychologically quite justified situation in this case does not work. The Soviet Union feeds its “girls” year after year, waiting for love, but they show some enthusiasm only with the next supply of weapons and food. At the same time, sometimes, the followers behave with respect to the “teacher” very aggressively, and in a boorish way. So, Albania simply selects four submarines from the USSR at the base in Vlora, Cuba physically prevents the dismantling of rocket launchers on its territory, etc. Two truly democratic countries never fight each other, autocratic or totalitarian – quite self. Everything depends on a whim that lacks a real connection with the people of the leaders: the degree of indigestion of their stomach, migraine, toothache, nighttime “prophetic” sleep, nervous illness, or middle-aged crisis. Undoubtedly, the Soviet people discourage such things as the war between the socialist countries: Ethiopia and Somalia, China and Vietnam, … the suppression by Soviet troops of speeches in Czechoslovakia, and, of course, almost resulted in the Third World Conflict of the USSR and the Maoist PRC.

The assistance of the Union to African countries leads, in the end (in addition to other factors) to the collapse of the apartheid regime in South Africa, the expulsion of hundreds of thousands of European colonists from the developed lands; The immersion of once prosperous states in the abyss of chaos.

…So, the countries of the socialist camp only say sometimes about sympathy for the Soviet Union – but more substantial evidence of this love is not provided. There are no Soviet, chic and very inexpensive resorts in the victorious Vietnam, Laos, Egypt, Syria… ocean tours to Cuba. These countries do not accept good Soviet rubles for payment… In the end, the understanding that mercantile “girls” are simply “dynamiting” their patron, reaches the consciousness of the entire Soviet people (even, it seems, its top leaders).

The approach to the US business is completely different. If a certain country really wants to learn something, it must honor its teacher, pay it well, follow all instructions, and be ready (if something goes wrong at all) to take a refreshing dose of rods.

Example: Soviet military attaches arrive in Libya to create a full-fledged army there, and at the same time enlighten the leadership of the “Jamahiriya” about building the right socialism. The weapons purchased by the Arab Republic from the USSR on credit (and, therefore, free of charge, that is, for nothing) are so numerous that 300 aircraft of various types, dozens of helicopters, 4,000 tanks, antiaircraft complexes, etc., stand in the desert, just covered with pieces of tarpaulin.

In this, absolutely non-democratic country, there are no legal norms or norms supported by the people’s charters and regulations. Everything depends, solely, on the leader of Moammar Gaddafi, his closest relatives, friends and, perhaps, the communicative skills of those who wish to somehow interact with them.

Soviet military advisers isolate, prohibit any movement beyond 15 km. from the base, exclude communication with the highest officials of the state, if they suddenly themselves do not condescend to it. Higher officers huddle almost in the Bedouin tents, and, until then, they are eating what they have. The small print on the Libyan passports issued to military and civilian specialists is “Hired force – one of the varieties of slaves. “The main occupation of the “slave” is simple – the maintenance of military equipment in good condition (the Libyans regard the TO as lower than their dignity), the training of servicemen for its proper operation and application. To order anything to any Arab, Soviet military advisers have no right. From political studies in the style of “Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR decided…” the Libyan officers silently leave.

Americans, in turn, initially, without hypocrisy and hypocrisy, create a true picture of the situation in their chosen country, organize a civil society, put in place even elementary legal norms. Imagine the restriction of movements of the military attache, ambassadors in this case it is impossible. Moreover, to leave the territory of the military base, for example, for leisure, according to this request, it is not only the officer who is free, but also the most common soldier. The location of all US employees is furnished, certainly, with some comfort. American – it sounds proud. Noticing how the representatives of the superpower respect themselves, their fellow citizens, they honor the “convenient” laws invented by them, the local residents also penetrate to the guardians with piety …

Relying on their civil society, American advisers can effectively influence the government itself. The government usually understands this, tyranny and autocracy tries to avoid – or receives mass actions of its, now quite fully conscious people.

What is said here can anger a certain reader: “How so, the author clearly propagandizes US intervention.” Well, then, let’s sum up the results we selected as an example of Libya. The result of Brezhnev’s friendship with Gaddafi: 4, 5 billion dollars of written-off debts for the post-Soviet Russia, and an unknown amount of money “forgiven” the USSR. The humiliated dignity of Soviet citizens, disappointment in the socialist system. It’s all. Interaction with Libya of the USA and Western Europe: free access to cheap oil, honestly paid contracts, hiring various specialists and supplying equipment. In 2011, the US Air Force, France, Great Britain contribute to the defeat of the Gaddafi army by the rebel forces. By the way, the spark from which the flame of civil war is kindled is “just” the arrest of a certain human rights activist. So the countries of the Western world provide their security – led by an unpredictable leader, Libya has come close to building its nuclear weapons (and, or, also, buying it in the DPRK).

So, to date, the US-EU has not been able to create democracy in Libya. Perhaps, because of the inconceivable mixture of tribes, beliefs, mentality, godless pride, etc., it was impossible simply from the beginning. In this case, this goal does not appear to have been set. Oil and security, for its people – is not bad in itself.

Democracy, law, order and prosperity, however, are quite successfully implemented in other countries controlled by the US, including the former members of the Warsaw Pact, and the republics that make up the Soviet Union itself. The center of their crystallization is yes, the military bases of NATO. The USSR was unable to present its satellites with legislative, judicial, financial, political, civil-law systems, convenient to use, leading to success, and North America – yes. And, it is this, and not humiliating gifts, the most important thing.

What do we do? Declare democracy and civil society, as now fashionable, harmful, dangerous, initially not applicable to treatment in Russia? Those who say this are our enemies. We need to study democracy, can debug and improve, develop to higher heights, surpass the US in it – and use it on the entire planet, at its discretion.

…In the Brezhnev USSR of the seventies of the last century factories and factories are working, gas and oil are running in the pipes, numerous tractors and harvesters are scurrying along the cultivated fields. But here in the village store (“Selpo”) on the shelves are the same sprats in tomato, “Tourist breakfast”, mineral water, bread … sunflower oil in bottling, Georgian, not very good tea (and sometimes not always), chicory instead of coffee … that’s all. In urban retail outlets, the situation is only slightly more interesting. The best that is produced by the national economy, somewhere that, imperceptibly for the people themselves, disappears. Everything that is genuinely loved by “ordinary people”, the government, for some reason declares harmful, somehow tries to make it uncomfortable … unrealizable. Television, radio, and print media are under the control of an extremely narrow circle of party bureaucrats. To assess the situation, to shout to the whole country, to ask – and to be heard in the “small Politburo”, in this System is difficult. Something similar, already clearly on the verge of a mental break in 1975, is undertaken by Capt. 3rd Rank Valery Sablin; raises the rebellion on the guard ship “Watchdog”, goes to Kronstadt, to speak on the Central TV, outlining the views of the representative of the people – but in the end, only gets a bullet in the basement of the Committee of State Security.

In 1977, Leonid Brezhnev made a move, which, as it seems, seems to strengthen the vertical of power remarkably well, and, also, the Soviet state as a whole. Since June 16 this year, the posts of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee are combined. A peculiar two-headed eagle becomes, of course, himself, already suffered a stroke, devoid of firmness of gait and former clarity of consciousness, esteemed Leonid Ilyich. A very significant political figure, Nikolai Podgorny, who previously held the post of head of the abovementioned higher legislative body of the Union, is sent to retirement. Two years earlier, the Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, AN Shelepin, “left”; and on such, it should be noted, an interesting fact that “for the sake of false democracy,” he eats in the common dining room and rests in a sanatorium “for ordinary people.” L. Brezhnev disappears from his inner circle and the leader of the KGB, Vladimir Semichastny, is the same one who once had dissuaded Leonid Ilyich from the physical elimination of Nikita Khrushchev. In the “small Politburo” there are only the nearest, in all consonants with “Samim” (He is), as they say now, “Friends.”

Chairman of the Council of Ministers, “business executive” A. Kosygin does not count. To correct, now there is no one left from the collective conduct of affairs of the “leader”. And so, in response to the murder of Hafizullah Amin’s security service by the personal friend of the secretary general, Nura Taraki, Brezhnev, after some communication with Andropov and Ustinov, opens Pandora’s box. The invasion of Afghanistan, the destruction of Amin and half of his family, a long, viscous war with those who could be good neighbors, are the beginning of the end of the USSR.

They say that there is something indistinct about “Americans who might appear in Afghanistan” … In Vietnam they also appeared when what was so good for them there? And now the Coalition troops are still in the “Afghan”. Us, friends from this, it turns out, is neither cold nor hot.

Meanwhile, the extremely narrowed circle of responsible persons, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, now has no one to rely on. A person with weak health, he falls into captivity to his, still quite vigorous friends. There is no alternative, the people are silent, the threads of running a huge country are ultimately tied in just two or three people. Leonid Brezhnev sometimes only calls Defense Minister D. Ustinov, with a tear and reproach in his voice, asks: “When will this war end?! … Dima, you promised me it would not be for long.”

Leonid Brezhnev has no right to dispose of even himself. Several times he declares his desire to retire, and receives from the Politburo a benevolent “no” answer. This system lacks the institution of a more or less regular, legitimate change of power. Looking at the speaker on television, stumbling on every word of the head of state, citizens of the USSR (according to the author’s feelings) involuntarily identify with himself, the state, the state of things: “soon all this will end.”

The only spirit remaining in the minds of the townsfolk to this day: “We already have a ruler, he knows something and knows how, do not rock the boat, otherwise everything will get worse.”

The Secretary-General dies from cardiac arrest in 1982. However, eighteen years of his rule are a kind of “Golden Autumn of the Empire.” This is the time when you can live without fear of a “black funnel” under the window at night, it’s quite tolerable to eat, start children, drink natural fruit-wine, sing bard songs and dream of a beautiful far away…

Personal life: married to Viktoria Petrovna (born Denisova) since 1927, two children. A fan of hunting for large animals, football and driving (including rare cars).

Dmitry Ustinov, photo of the 1950s

Dmitry Ustinov. Birth – 1908, Samara, … in children’s summers – courier work… the introduction of a volunteer in the Red Army, service in Special Purpose Chambers (CHON). Further Ustinov works as a fitter at the factory, he studies at various institutes, down to the Leningrad “Voenmech”. Since 1937 (the vacancy field has been cleared) – engineer-designer, director of the plant “Bolshevik”. In 1941, 33-year-old Dmitry Fedorovich became a People’s Commissar of Soviet armament. His predecessor, B. Vannikov, Stalin must be released a month after the outbreak of the war – since it is too necessary for the production of ammunition. The recent prisoner becomes deputy commissar-beginner. Since 1946 Dmitry Ustinov, the USSR Minister of Armaments, has been actively participating in the missile project. In 1957, D.W. advocates N. Khrushchev, in 1964 – promotes his displacement. Since 1976, Ustinov – one of the secretaries of the CPSU Central Committee, which is included in the unofficial, so-called. “A small Politburo”, as well as the Minister of Defense. He died in 1984, from severe pneumonia; caused by the reluctance of Dmitry Fedorovich to leave, an official event held in the cold wind. It suggests that almost simultaneously with D. Ustinov, and with the same clinical picture of the disease, the defense ministers of the GDR, Hungary and Czechoslovakia die, who were together at a festive dinner (in honor of the completion of the Warsaw Pact exercises).

Private life: wife Taisia, son, daughter. The usual ratio of attention to work and personal life: 10: 1.

Evaluation of the author: D. F. Ustinov is one of those people who with passion and passion create colorful false pictures of reality. The Soviet Army of the seventies and eighties is deeply sick, bottom-to-top pervaded by hazing, national issues, and partly elementary inadequate. Ideals are absent. The fighting spirit fluctuates around zero. All thoughts come down to where else to find food. Training of soldiers is reduced to outright profanity and fraud (deceit). Most of the equipment is kept under the open sky, and is not suitable for any quick commissioning. But, “a man of Stalin’s tempering” is inclined to believe only in smooth reports on his desk. TN. The “Ustinov doctrine” provides for a preemptive nuclear missile strike in response to signs of a nuclear attack, the breakthrough of tank armadas through the echeloned defense of Western European countries… the establishment of control over mainland Europe. What does “pre-emptive strike” and “signs of attack” mean? It is not entirely clear what has Europe to do with it, if the war is unleashed after all, America? It’s not really one. How can the Soviet Army fight in France, Belgium, near the notorious Straits in Turkey, if almost all the cities of the USSR are destroyed by atomic fire? Is it able, in addition, to control the unfriendly population? Does it make more sense to focus on protecting your country, with all the remaining means? And, probably, these (non-nuclear) forces should be much more mobile than sluggish armored groups?!

In the prevailing, insanely narrow circle of “small Politburo” communication, there is nobody to talk about this with Marshal Ustinov. The opinion of the common man: the usual officer “on the ground”, an ordinary soldier, yes, and that citizen in glasses, walking along the street, this System is not taken into account.

…The arguments of Marshal N. Ogarkov, the chief of the General Staff of the USSR, who sharply protests against the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan, are also not taken into account. In the end, the state, whose organism does not provide for the reactions of the self-satisfied brain to receptor signals, ceases to make meaningful actions, and disintegrates.