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Yuri Andropov

Yuri Andropov. Birth – 1914, Stavropol province (the province) … work on the telegraph, assistant projectionist, training in the Rybinsk river technical school. Occupying the position of the Komsomol organizer (komsorg) at the shipyard… First Secretary of the Yaroslavl Regional Committee of the Komsomol. Since 1951, he is transferred to Moscow, where he works as an inspector of the Central Committee, then transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) … appointed Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of the USSR in Hungary. Successful practice of Andropov during the suppression of the Hungarian rebellion is becoming an excellent springboard for the next career leap. In 1962 Yuri Vladimirovich was elected secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Five years later he became chairman of the State Security Committee of the USSR. Andropov – one of the people who contributed to the decision to enter the contingent troops of the Warsaw Pact countries in Czechoslovakia (1968) and Afghanistan (1979). KGB with Yu. A. Pervades the staff of (secret) employees all the more or less significant enterprises and organizations.

In 1982, at an extraordinary Plenum of the Central Committee, Yu. Andropov was elected General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and, a year later – Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The first actions visible by people – “tightening of nuts”, the so-called. the struggle against truants and violators of the socialist discipline of labor – unthinkable, apparently, for the beginning of the eighties, raids on idle people. Begins leapfrog personnel changes. Upward, such well-known personalities as Gorbachev, Shevardnadze, Yakovlev, Ryzhkov and Ligachev are moving along the career ladder. In total, up to 30% of the “Brezhnev” composition is replaced in the party organizations. Andropov talks about the need to “know the country in which we live” … in his speeches the word “self-financing” is heard more often. But, sometimes, words are just words. Specific mechanisms of interaction between the authorities and, for example, certain “councils of labor collectives” are not formally prescribed, and in the case, as a model for all, no one is running into anyone.

Perhaps, feeling some confusion in the top leadership of the Union, weakening the health of the Secretary-General himself, the United States and Western Europe sharply increase military and political pressure on the USSR. September 1, 1983, perhaps as a result of a well-fabricated provocation, not far from Fr. Sakhalin suffers a catastrophe Boeing 747 Korean Airlines. President of the United States Ronald Reagan declares the USSR “Empire of Evil”. On the territory of Western Europe, the Pershing rockets of the dagger fire are placed, with the time of approach to the main objectives of 4—6 minutes…

Since July 1983 Andropov runs the country, almost without getting out of bed. On vacation in the Crimea, he gets a cold – which, combined with a long-standing kidney disease, leads to death (1984).

Personal life. His wife – Nina (Engalycheva) since 1935, two children. The spouse refuses to move for the future General Secretary to Karelia, and this circumstance destroys the marriage. The second wife is Tatyana (Lebedeva). In the union are born, too, son and daughter. Close friends are absent in principle. Hobby – listening to records with jazz…

Evaluation of the author. The KGB under Andropov counts 400,000 official officers (including border guards officers), as well as about 5 million “voluntary assistants”. Full-time workers are expected to have a very high salary, food orders, queuing apartments, special polyclinics and other pleasant benefits. Do you need, however, “opera” and expensive informers, if their detailed opinion about the situation in the country, and at his native enterprise is always ready to make any sane worker – and completely free of charge? There is an opinion (according to the usual “conspiracy theory” in this case) that under the guise of sex workers, that is, secret officers throughout the Soviet Union, Yu. V. Andropov is being planted by representatives of the distribution mafia from the Jewish diaspora (himself, Andropov, – Flekenstein, no matter what they say about the “reception of a Russian daughter in a Jewish family”). …The Interior Ministry has been trying for some time to fight this branched, powerful structure – but in response it only receives powerful blows throughout the Union, and also, a severe discredit in the media (the film “Murder on Zhdanovsky”, etc.). Be that as it may, under Y. Andropov, the state’s GDP rises, by 1.5—2 percent, while the prices for vodka-Andropovka-are declining. The government of Yuri Andropov, now, after a considerable time has passed, is estimated by the people of Russia, rather, say, friends, positively.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Gorbachev. Birth – 1931, with. Privolnoye of the Stavropol Territory… working as an assistant to the combine operator… the reward received for the shock work helps MG. go to the Faculty of Law of Moscow State University. After graduating from the University (1955), having quickly tried several posts, he worked as First Secretary of the Regional (Stavropol) Committee of the Komsomol… and Chairman of the Commission on Youth Affairs of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In 1978, Mikhail S. Gorbachev was elected secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and moved to Moscow. 1985 – after a sudden retreat into the world of another General Secretary of the CPSU, KU Chernenko Mikhail Sergeevich takes the posts of the Secretary General and, as is customary, starting with VI Brezhnev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (head of the only party and state).

In the same year, Gorbachev announced the introduction of a dry law. Prices for alcohol are rising, sales are limited. Throughout the country to the wine shops are built multi-meter, so humiliating people turn. Norma – one or two bottles of vodka in your hands. To buy a certain amount of alcohol for the wedding, another important solemn event… requires an official certificate from the registry office. On the orders of Mikhail Gorbachev and his wife, Raisa Maksimovna, born literally at a family council, over a cup of tea, wonderful vineyards are cut down under the root… practically, everything (I saw). Actually, on the ground, canteens and wine varieties, according to the tradition of the “tight vertical of power”, in the absence of independent media and civil society, the leaders of the district party committees do not distinguish between the two, simply destroying them both “just in case”.

However, the desire to stay at the helm by any means, the heads of the regional committees (krai committees), roughly equal in status to the current governors, does not save. About 70% of the status leaders of Brezhnev’s conscription are sent out to resign, literally, only by the whim of Mikhail Sergeyevich. There, half of the Politburo members also “leave”. The point is that all these people are appointed “from above”, often, one by one, as they say, the whim of the left foot of the head of state, and not (arranged quite difficult technically, it must be acknowledged) the will of the people. And, just as fabulously simply, the next Secretary-General, or the President, is free to replace them with someone else.

Almost simultaneously with the anti-alcohol campaign, the “fight against unearned incomes” starts. In the countries of the victorious democracy, we recall that something similar is also available. The main point: with large purchases – for example, a new car, a home … an enterprise, you will necessarily require an income declaration (directly related to the citizen being filed every year, the Tax Declaration). If the income is reasonably consistent with the costs – everything is in order. But, if you are officially unemployed and are going to buy a luxurious Chevrolet, here the tax police may have some questions. More, by and large, in the lives of citizens, and the methods of their (not criminal) earnings, the state does not get involved.

In the Gorbachev Soviet Union, the enemy of the people is declared to be: a fisherman who decided to sell his modest catch, an artist who painted a pair of paintings (for 10—15 rubles) for a hairdresser, in fact, a hairdresser, seamstress or nurse who provides the appropriate services at home, They are hunted down, and law enforcement agencies are detained. Theoretically, a convenient system of taxation, this additional income people could declare ….state could look at it and then, but in this case a serious criminal article is being applied… and investigative isolators (SIZOs) are overflowing with innocent people.

At the same time, relatively modest dacha dwellings are being persecuted. Cottages above one floor, apparently, as too well-off and “unearned”, without any court order, are being destroyed. Physical removal, without delay, are also subject to greenhouses, where for sale, or for themselves, vegetables are grown (which is so lacking in state stores).

Priority of all Gorbachev is declared by machine building. It sounds, of course, beautiful and, well, you know, it’s solid. But, in fact, in the first place, the country needs light industry goods, clothing, consumer goods, high-quality and inexpensive food. You can learn about this without any difficulty, the KGB-shnoy “wiretapping”, from the lips chosen arbitrarily, Uncle Vasya, Aunt Glasha, but, this approach to a serious government matter, as they say today, “Below the level of the Kremlin.”

The system rushes. Initially, Gorbachev is hardly a traitor to the Motherland. But, Mikhail Sergeyevich himself will be closed in a very limited circle of elected people, who, in fact, are two: He himself, and a faithful friend, wife, Raisa Maksimovna, is the most intelligent person, after all, a lecturer at the Institute of Marxism-Leninism. Suggest something really reasonable, weighed at least a few reasonable people, this sweet couple is quite difficult.

The next inconsistent step of the System is the introduction, on November 19, 1986, of the “Law on Individual Work Activity”. Cooperatives are allowed, even without using hired labor. Later, we recall, a full-fledged law on entrepreneurship will be adopted (1991, May 26), celebrated with the present president of the Russian Federation (2007) as the Day of Russian Entrepreneurship. It is interesting that private, then fairly free enterprise, paradoxically co-exists with “Fighting Unearned Income”. The ambiguity of the situation created corrodes the foundations of the law enforcement system.

In the same way as during the Khrushchev monetary reform (deeply jammed “under the carpet” of the KGB, not meaningful by the society), state resources, demanded goods flow from state enterprises to cooperatives where they are already sold at a free price (domestically or abroad). In the public sector, mass non-payment of salaries starts.

A very strange situation occurs with gold, silver, platinum, etc. In essence, the state (ie, ideally, the people) loses control over the extraction and storage of precious metals. The moral core is cracking – behind it the rest falls, how many new and new controlling bodies do not involve.

Be that as it may, the new General Secretary is quite young, he says without paper, everything is so remarkably smooth, and the people love him. Yes, it was, it was, friends, I remember perfectly; we looked at this smooth, ruddy appearance, and, not at all embarrassed by feelings, were touched. Yes, here it is, a new life, “socialism with a human face”, solid, understanding everything better than us, ordinary people, the leader – who-he-all-will-do-it-is-right.

In May 1986, at the enterprises of the Union, people from the newly created Gorbachev, “State Acceptance.” Of course, factories already have their own quality control departments. New people (not subordinate to the administration of the enterprise) only irritate employees, and do not contribute to the “shaft” of production, nor to a significant improvement in quality. The next attempt to solve the problem by purely administrative methods, fails. To take a reasonable step, following the example of Western democracies, to improve the judicial system, so that any end user can warm up some unscrupulous enterprise, this System is simply not capable.

Disappointing are the results of experiments on the unification of large agricultural ministries. Created by the same single “leader of the nation”, the giant “Gosagroprom” is called everywhere – “Gosagropromah”. Everywhere, at all times, according to their habit, “Sovereigns whose opinion is not disputed” create huge, awkward, unified amoebae – and only waste their national treasure. In total, according to some estimates, from 1995 to 1990, only a direct loss from the Gorbachevsky transformation is 100 billion non-devalued US dollars.

…Everything, everything seemed to be so unshakable, starts to precipitate fast. The only guideline in all is the “solid” US dollar. Nikolai Ryzhkov, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers answers the representative of the Czech Republic, about the replacement of the transferable ruble by the indicated monetary unit “Do not want to pay with dollars? Yes, please, leave CMEA. “Everything is very, very simple, and quiet. The socialist system of Eastern Europe is dismantled.

Towards the close, Mikhail Gorbachev admits one more (foreign policy) mistake. Two Germany – the GDR and the FRG are united. Maybe it’s all inevitable. But, against this background, it is quite possible to show, at last, the calculation of reparations for World War II. Germany is quite willing to pay this price. The guarantor is that the Soviet armies of the Western Group of Forces in the GDR definitely exist. But, according to the long-established System, Mikhail Gorbachev is much more important than the friendly smiles of very significant foreigners, rather than the deaf hopes of his own people. To correct the Secretary General again, there is no one. And now, definitely, literally “lying on the road” 100 billion US dollars, remain in the bins of the financial successor to the Reich.

March 15, 1990, at the third extraordinary congress of People’s Deputies of the USSR (an attempt to revive the original Soviets), Mikhail Gorbachev is elected President of the Soviet Union. At the same time, he is also the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

Meanwhile, on June 12, 1990, the First Congress of People’s Deputies adopted the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the RSFSR. This, it should be noted, is the very first statement on the independence of one of the republics of the Soviet Union. The President of the Russian Federation (on the same day) is the People’s Deputy, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin. After that, other state entities are being built in line to the door to secession from the USSR.

Formally, the Union still exists. But, a certain relish of the feeling that you live in a powerful, integral state, the potential ruler of the world, among citizens is rapidly evaporating. Everything around is hopelessly strewing. Restore their former taste of existence, twist the nuts until the participants try so-called. State Emergency Committee – State Committee for the State of Emergency in August 1991. Gorbachev abstracted from what is happening in Foros (Crimea). The coup fails. December 8, 1991. The Presidents of the RSFSR, Belarus and Ukraine, under vodka and shish kebabs (and under the spetsnaz sight) sign the Belovezhskaya Agreement on the termination of the existence of the USSR (and the creation of the CIS). Mikhail Sergeyevich, still the President of the USSR (although not the General Secretary of the CPSU), has the right to challenge this decision (including by force). However, he refuses to give the order for the arrest of the presidents-accomplices; referring to the fact that the next Congress of People’s Deputies will democratically cancel this (not quite legitimate) decision. Yes, of course, groups of people’s representatives are gathering, the Supreme Court is entering the case, sluggish debate is beginning… but all this, friends, is rather confusing and uninteresting. However that may be, on December 25, 1991 the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (and, also, the heads of the eleven Union republics) adopt a declaration on the termination of the existence of the USSR. At the same time, Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev automatically loses the status of President…

The next experiment on the creation of the Earthly Paradise is coming to an end.

Personal life. Wife – Raisa Maksimovna (Titarenko), since 1953, daughter. After the death of his wife in 1999 from leukemia, Mikhail Gorbachev formed a fund named after Raisa Maksimovna. Collected for the treatment of cancer patients children, 10 million pounds sterling, are given, of course, to the Paris Foundation. Marie Curie. The remaining 100 thousand pounds are divided in half between the London and St. Petersburg oncology clinics. It is absolutely clear to Mikhail Sergeyevich that in Western Europe things are much worse with health care, and children are much more valuable than in the Russian Federation of the 1990s.

Gorbachev lives permanently in Germany (for which he saved the above-mentioned, considerable sum), in a 17-room villa (Bavaria), it happens in other countries of the Far Abroad. Yes, more, it seems, from sporting interest, than for the sake of money, he is removed in advertising Pizza Hut, Louis Vuitton (suitcases), and, also, the Austrian railways.

Some addition: both the grandfather of Mikhail Sergeyevich, hard-working peasants, were repressed (one miracle survived). His grandfather was shot by one grandfather, and his grandmother died of starvation. Approximately such a marital status – ask, for example, their own, no longer very young acquaintances, distributed throughout the former Soviet Union. Of course, the past knocks on the subconscious, whispers inaudible, and sometimes yells: “This system, all evil, sure of their own right, no one listening to people – no.”