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Philosophy of psychology can be thought of as a sub-area of philosophy of mind, where ‘philosophy of mind’ is understood very broadly as the philosophical exploration of the mind. The focus of mainstream philosophy of mind, which is sometimes called ‘metaphysics of mind’, has been on metaphysical issues of the mind, including the mind–body problem, mental causation, physicalism, and the nature of consciousness. Philosophy of psychology, in contrast, focuses on the kind of issues that are closely related to empirical studies of the mind or the kind of issues on which we cannot make progress without relevant empirical input. When philosophy of psychology addresses human rationality, for example, it examines the available empirical data to find out whether humans actually reason in accordance with the norms of rationality.