Читать книгу Philosophy of Psychology - Lisa Bortolotti - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
7 Introduction An Overview Philosophy of Psychology What is Philosophy of Psychology? Philosophy of Psychology and Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Psychology and Philosophy of Science Foundational and Implicational Why Do We Need Philosophy of Psychology? Evaluating Psychological Studies Replication Research Participants Ecological Validity Further Resources Articles and Books Online Resources Questions
8 1 Rationality 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Clarifying Rationality 1.3 Systematic Biases and Errors Wason Selection Task Conjunction Fallacy Base-Rate Neglect Preference Reversal 1.4 Pessimism about Rationality Making Sense of the Results Argument for Pessimism 1.5 Objections to Pessimism The Feasibility Objection The Meaninglessness Objection The Ecological Rationality Objection 1.6 The Aim of Cognition Aiming at Truth Positive Illusions 1.7 Summary Further Resources Articles and Books Online Resources Questions
9 2 Self-Knowledge 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Clarifying Self-Knowledge Self-Knowledge and Its Targets Self-Knowledge: Privileged and Peculiar 2.3 Challenges to Peculiarity Peculiarity and Parity Dissonance Studies Confabulation Studies Success and Failure of Self-Knowledge 2.4 The Moderate View 2.5 The Extreme Parity View Extreme Parity and Parsimony The Interpretive Sensory-Access Theory 2.6 Summary Further Resources Articles and Books Online Resources Questions
10 3 Duality 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Dual-Process Theory Basic Ideas Empirical Reasons: Reasoning Biases Wason Selection Task Belief Bias Philosophical Reasons: The Rationality Paradox 3.3 Processes and Interactions Type-1 and Type-2 Processes Interaction between Type-1 and Type-2 Processes 3.4 The Dual-System Theory Exactly Two Systems? Two Agents? Sloman on Criterion S Davidson on Mental Partitioning 3.5 The Dual-State Theory Two States Non-Doxastic Dual-State Theory Gendler on Aliefs and Beliefs Doxastic Dual-State Theory Frankish on Type-1 and Type-2 Beliefs Schwitzgebel on In-Between Beliefs 3.6 Summary Further Resources Articles and Books Online Resources Questions
11 4 Moral Judgment 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Harm and Emotion Moral and Conventional Moral–Conventional Tasks Morality and Harm The Dog Eating Study Morality and Affect 4.3 Interaction between Affective Processes and Reasoning Processes Models of Interaction More Than a Post Hoc Rationalization The Trolley/Footbridge Study 4.4 Affective Processes and Reasoning Processes The Mapping Thesis Content Interpretation Commitment Interpretation 4.5 Summary Further Resources Articles and Books Online Resources Questions
12 5 Moral Motivation and Behaviour 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Empathy–Altruism Hypothesis Empathy Altruism 5.3 Altruistic Motivation or Aversive-Arousal Reduction? The Katie Banks Experiment The Elaine Experiment 5.4 The Empathy–Benefit Hypothesis Empathy and Its Consequences Empathy and Its Biases 5.5 Responding to the Challenge Revising the Hypothesis Revising Response 1 (Correcting Empathy) Revising Response 2 (Full Empathy) Biting the Bullet Biting the Bullet Response 1 (Maximizing Local Happiness) Biting the Bullet Response 2 (Partial Obligation) 5.6 Is Empathy Particularly Problematic? 5.7 Summary Further Resources Articles and Books Online Resources Questions
13 6 Free Will and Responsibility 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Varieties of Free Will Scepticism Materialism and Determinism Epiphenomenalism 6.3 Empirical Evidence for Epiphenomenalism? Libet-Style Studies The Libet Experiment Situationist Studies The Good Samaritan Study Wegner-Style Studies The I Spy Experiment 6.4 Implicit Bias and Responsibility Implicit Bias: A Case Study The Implicit Association Test Awareness and Control 6.5 Summary Further Resources Articles and Books Online Resources Questions
14 7 Delusion and Confabulation 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Delusion What Are Delusions? How Are Delusions Formed? Multiple Factors Prediction Errors Are Delusions Beliefs? 7.3 Delusion and Irrationality Is Delusional Reasoning Irrational? The Jumping-to-Conclusion Bias Are Delusions Irrational in a Distinctive Way? 7.4 Confabulation What Is Confabulation? Does Confabulation Distort Reality in a Distinctive Way? How Do We Remember? 7.5 Summary Further Resources Articles and Books Online Resources Questions
15 8 Autism and Psychopathy 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Autism and Mindreading Autism The Sally–Anne Experiment Simulation and Theory Do Problems with Mindreading Explain Autism? The Eye-Tracking Mindreading Study 8.3 Psychopathy and Empathy Psychopathy Empathy Impairments Do Empathy Impairments Explain Psychopathy? 8.4 Psychopathy and Moral Judgment Psychopathy and the Moral–Conventional Distinction Psychopathy and Sacrificial Dilemmas 8.5 Summary Further Resources Articles and Books Online Resources Questions
16 Conclusion
17 References Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Conclusion
18 Index
