Читать книгу Building an Effective Security Program for Distributed Energy Resources and Systems - Mariana Hentea - Страница 27

The following includes a list of key characteristics for DERs:

 Generate electric power.

 Provide energy according to the consumer demand.

 Run on fuel or use previous stored energy can be dispatched for a given period of time.

 Small‐scale power generation sources located close to where electricity is used.

 Provide an alternative to or an enhancement of the traditional electric power grid.

 Systems can be quickly developed.

 Costly efficient alternative to the construction of large central power plants and high‐voltage transmission lines [Capehart 2014].

 Offer consumers the potential for lower cost, higher service reliability, high power quality, increased energy efficiency, and energy independence.

 Reduce emissions.

 Expand options for energy services.

 Operate in the grid‐connected mode or islanding mode [Feng 2012].

 Dispatched remotely by utility or locally by individual owners.

 Controlled locally or under the control of a distribution management system (DMS) or load aggregator [Taylor 2012].

 Various stakeholders such as energy companies, equipment suppliers, regulators, energy users, and financial and supporting companies.

However, DERs are used in several ways and in different systems.