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February 4–11, 1945: Yalta Conference.

July 17–August 12, 1945: Potsdam Conference.

September 19, 1946: Churchill’s Zurich speech.

March 12, 1947: Truman Doctrine.

June 5, 1947: George C. Marshall’s Harvard address. Beginning of European Recovery Program.

March 17, 1948: Treaty on Western Union (Brussels Pact) signed. Belgium, Britain, France, Luxembourg, and Netherlands form an alliance for mutual defense and economic cooperation.

May 7–11, 1948: Congress of Europe at The Hague.

June 24, 1948: Berlin blockade begins (ends May 12, 1949).

May 5, 1949: Treaty of St. James establishing the Council of Europe.

September 15, 1949: Konrad Adenauer becomes first chancellor of West Germany.