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Essential hypertension is thought to result from inherited genes that may trigger high blood pressure as a result of one or more abnormalities involving:

sensitivity of the blood pressure monitors (baroreceptors) throughout the circulation

altered secretion of, or sensitivity to, hormones (e.g. anti-diuretic hormone, renin, aldosterone) or other chemicals that help to regulate normal blood pressure

dilation or constriction of blood vessels in response to pressure changes

nerve control of BP or abnormal signals from the brain

control of the amount of fluid and salt in the circulation

control of the strength and rate of the heartbeat.

Researchers have already identified a gene that may be able to predict your future risk of hypertension. People who have inherited the angiotensinogen gene (T235) from both parents have double the risk of developing high blood pressure and coronary heart disease compared to those who do not have the gene variant, or who inherit it only from one parent.