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1.4 Calculations

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Evidence is measured by the natural logarithm of the LR, known as the support S. The words evidence and support will be used interchangeably.

Giving decimal places during calculations is tricky. The decimal places given for values in the text are usually given to an accuracy that allows one to check formulae and equations, often given in stages. Occasionally, there will be mismatches with the final answer which will be based on the most accurate calculation possible. These can usually be checked from the raw data using Excel or R.

The support S will generally be expressed to only one decimal place. The use of S is merely a guide to the strength of evidence. It is graded rather than thresholded.

The evidential approach does not require any statistical tables. All calculations can be performed from first principles with a hand calculator, R or Excel spreadsheet.

Evidence-Based Statistics

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