Читать книгу CNC Control Setup for Milling and Turning: - Peter Smid - Страница 8
ОглавлениеTable of Contents
Chapter 1
CONCEPTS OF CNC MACHINING
Chapter 2
CNC MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
Chapter 3
PROGRAM INTERPRETATION
Chapter 4
CONTROL SYSTEM
Chapter 5
OPERATION PANEL
Power ON / Ready Light Indicator
Cycle Start / Feedhold - Auto Operation
Indicator Lights - Three Groups
Program Testing and Setup Mode
Spindle Override
Jog Feedrate Selection
EDIT KEY
EMERGENCY STOP SWITCH
OTHER FEATURES
CONTROL PANEL SYMBOLS
Switches
Modes
Operations
Chapter 6
SETUP HANDLE
PURPOSE
DESIGN
HANDLE FEATURES
Mode Selection
Axis Selection
Range Selection
Dial Wheel
APPLICATIONS
Manual Absolute Switch
Safety Issues
Chapter 7
MILLING TOOLS - SETUP
MILLING TOOLS
Tool Holders
Cutting Tools
Tooling System
ATC - AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGE
Manual Tool Change
Tool Magazine
Fixed Type ATC
Random Memory Type ATC
REGISTERING TOOLS
TOOL SPECIFICATIONS
Maximum Tool Length
Maximum Tool Diameter
Maximum Tool Weight
ATC PROCESS
TOOL REPETITION
Repeating the Same Tool
Repeating a Different Tool
Solving the Problem
Tool Change - One or Two Blocks
DUMMY TOOL
SUMMARY
Chapter 8
SETTING PART ZERO
SYMBOLS
WHAT IS PART ZERO ?
Part Zero Location
VISES FOR CNC WORK
CNC Vise - Basic Design
CNC Vise - Setup
APPLICATION EXAMPLE
Part Orientation
Vise Orientation
FINDING A CENTER
PART ZERO ON CNC LATHES
X-axis Zero
Z-axis Zero
Work Shift
Chapter 9
WORK OFFSET SETTINGS
REFERENCE POINTS
Machine Zero
Part Zero
Machine Zero to Part Zero Connection
PART SETUP EVALUATION
USING WORK OFFSETS
Preparatory Commands G54-G59
Establishing the Connection
USING EDGE FINDERS
Magnetic Single Edge Finder
Magnetic Center Finder
DISTANCE-TO-GO
SHAFT TYPE EDGE FINDERS
Prerequisites
Individual Steps
Work Offset Calculations
Original Example Revisited
WORK OFFSET Z-SETTING
Where is the Z-setting?
Setting the Z-axis
MULTIPLE WORK OFFSETS
Program Entry
WORK OFFSET ADJUSTMENTS
Mixing Units of Measurement
Height of Part
EXT WORK OFFSET
EXT or COM ?
Offset Adjustment Options
WORK OFFSETS - DATA INPUT
Data Change Example
Chapter 10
TOOL LENGTH OFFSET
TOOL LENGTH
Tool Length Offset Register
TOOL LENGTH OFFSET COMMANDS
Limitations of Work Offsets
G43 and G44 Commands
Applying Tool Length Offset
G49 Command
OFFSET MEMORY TYPE
Offset Memory - Type A
Offset Memory - Type B
Offset Memory - Type C
INPUT and +INPUT Key Selection
Adjustment Examples
MACHINE GEOMETRY
SETTING THE TOOL LENGTH
Tool Assembly Fixture
Preset Tool Method
Touch-Off Method
Reference Tool Method
EXT OFFSET AND WORK OFFSET
WORK AND TOOL LENGTH OFFSET
Chapter 11
MACHINING A PART
MACHINING OBJECTIVES
PROCESS OF MACHINING
DRAWING EVALUATION
Tolerances
Radius from I and J
Surface Finish
Stock Allowance
MATERIAL INSPECTION
PROGRAM EVALUATION
Programs Generated Manually
Programs Generated by Software
Part Setup and Tooling
PROGRAM INPUT
Memory Mode
DNC Mode
PROGRAM VERIFICATION
Manual Verification
Software Verification
PRODUCTION MACHINING
Responsibilities
PART INSPECTION
PROGRAM SOURCES
CAM Programs and Machining
Conversational and Macro Programming
PREVENTING A SCRAP
Causes of Scrap
Steps to Eliminate Scrap
Let Offsets Work for You
Offset Adjustment - Example
PROGRAM MODIFICATION
MAINTAINING SURFACE FINISH
Surface Finish in a Drawing
Effect of Cutting Tools
Selection of Cutting Data
Machining Direction
Chatter / Vibration
COOLANTS
Benefits of Coolants
Working with Coolant
Chapter 12
MACHINING HOLES
FIXED CYCLES - OVERVIEW
DRILLING HOLES
Drilling Example
Terminology
Initial Level and R-Level
Depth
Spot Drilling + Counterbore + Countersink
Peck Drilling
Changing Q-depth
TAPPING OPERATIONS
Tap Drill
Feedrate Calculation
Troubleshooting
Rigid Tapping
BORING OPERATIONS
G85 Cycle
G86 Cycle
G87 Cycle
G88 Cycle
G89 Cycle
G76 Cycle
DRILLING FORMULAS
Center Drills
Spot Drills
Twist Drills
Chapter 13
MULTIPART SETUP
MULTIPLE PARTS
Setup Conditions
ORIGIN DISTANCES UNKNOWN
Program Data
Setup Process
ORIGIN DISTANCES KNOWN
Program Data
Using Work Offsets
Using Local Coordinate System
Using G10 Setting
Using Custom Macro
EXTENDED WORK OFFSETS
Available Range
Standard vs Extended Work Offset Range
Z-AXIS AND MULTIPART SETUP
Variable Height
Tool Length Offsets
PROGRESSIVE SETUP
SUMMARY
Chapter 14
CUTTER RADIUS OFFSET
BENEFITS
PROGRAM DATA
Address D
Offset Memory Types
Equidistant Toolpath
Cutting Direction
WORKING WITH RADIUS OFFSET
D-offset Number
Look-Ahead Type Offset
INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS
Cutter Diameter
Effects of Machining
Scrap Prevention
ACTUAL OFFSET SETTING
Programmed Tool Size
External Offset Settings
Internal Offset Settings
Conclusion
USING OFFSET MEMORY TYPES
Geometry and Wear Offsets
Offset Memory - Type A
Offset Memory - Type B
Offset Memory - Type C
PROGRAMS FROM COMPUTER
Mastercam Example
SOLVING PROBLEMS
Alarm Number 041
Insufficient Clearance
Cutter Radius Too Large
Contour Start / End Error
CHANGE of TOOL DIAMETER
Units Conversion
Chapter 15
TOOLS FOR CNC LATHES
PROGRAMMMING LATHE TOOLS
Zero Wear Offset
Feedrate Error
Prevention
TOOL NUMBERS
TOOL TURRET
TOOL HOLDERS
Standards
Identification
ISO and ANSI
Gage Insert
Other Tool Holders
CUTTING INSERTS
Insert Shape Identification
ISO Unique Identification
ANSI Unique Identification
Grades, Coating and Chip Breakers
CHANGING AN INSERT
Corner Radius Change
TOOL CHANGING
LATHE CHUCK
Chuck Clamp and Unclamp
Chuck Pressure
SELECTION OF JAWS
Hard Jaws
Soft Jaws
Chapter 16
LATHE OFFSETS
Lathe Geometry
Machine Zero
Part Zero
Tool Reference Point
WORK SETUP
Definitions
Geometry Offset
The R and T Columns
Wear Offset
DRAWING AND PROGRAM
Changing Tool Numbers
Bar Extension
MANAGING TOLERANCES
Tolerances and Program Data
Tolerances on Diameters - Part A
Tolerances on Shoulders - Part B
Tolerances on Diameters and Shoulders
WORKING WITH WEAR OFFSETS
Common Offset Change Example
WEAR OFFSET PARAMETERS
Chapter 17
TURNING AND BORING
LATHE CYCLES G70 - G71 - G72
Concepts of Turning and Boring Cycles
Program Listing
Contour Shape - External
G71 Cycle Format for Two Blocks
Contour Shape - Internal
PROGRAM FEATURES TO WATCH
Start Point Location
Clearances
Tool Change Clearance
Program after Changes
PROGRAM DATA TO WATCH
Start Point Too High or Too Low
Positive and Negative Stock Allowance
W-Stock Amount Too Heavy
Return to Start Point in the Cycle
P and/or Q Reference Defined Incorrectly
Feedrates for Roughing and Finishing
Cutter Radius Offset
Small Inside Radius
G72 AND G73 TURNING CYCLES
G72 Lathe Cycle
G72 Cycle Format for Two Blocks
G73 Pattern Repeating Cycle
G73 Cycle Format For Two Blocks
ONE-BLOCK FORMAT CYCLES
G71 Cycle Format for One Block
G72 Cycle Format for One Block
G73 Cycle Format for One Block
G71 TYPE i AND TYPE II CYCLES
Type I
Type II
SUMMARY
Chapter 18
TOOL NOSE RADIUS OFFSET
BRIEF REVIEW
TOOLPATH EVALUATION
Program Listing - No Offset
Program Listing - With Offset
Offset Screen
FACING TO CENTERLINE
Tool Height Error
Incorrect Tool Position
G41 - Yes or No?
OFFSET CHANGE
CLEARANCE AMOUNT
Chapter 19
GROOVING ON LATHES
GROOVE MACHINING
The Simplest Groove
Standard Grooves
Typical Groove
Grooving Tool
Grooving Insert
Control Settings
Program Evaluation
Basic Groove Dimensions
TOLERANCES NOT SPECIFIED
Dimensional Problems
DEPTH CONTROL
External and Internal Grooves
POSITION CONTROL
Left Side Reference Point
Right Side Reference Point
Reference Point Set in the Middle
Offset Adjustment
WIDTH CONTROL
Program Requirements
POSITION AND WIDTH CONTROL
GEOMETRY OFFSET
Change of Tool Width
Program Requirements - Summary
GROOVING CYCLES
G74 Cycle
G75 Cycle
Chapter 20
THREAD CUTTING
THREADING PROCESS
THREADING TOOLS
Threading Tool Holders and Inserts
Hand of Tool Selection
THREADING INFEED
Radial Infeed
Flank Infeed
Modified Flank Infeed
Alternating Flank Infeed
THREADING INSERT
Full Profile
Partial Profile
Clearances
Multitooth Inserts
THREAD RELATED DEFINITIONS
Pitch
Lead
Other Definitions
METHODS OF PROGRAMMING
Longhand Threading - G32
Box Threading -G92
Repetitive Cycle Threading - G76
THREADING DATA
Depth of Thread
Depth of the First Pass
Threading Feedrate
Angle of Thread
Spring Pass
G76 THREAD CUTTING CYCLE
One-Block Format
Two-Block Format
G76 Cycle Examples
MULTI START THREADS
SPINDLE SPEED LIMITATION
Machine Specifications
THREADING DEFAULTS
Chapter 21
WORKING WITH BLOCK SKIP
BLOCK SKIP FUNCTION
Block Skip Switch
Using Block Skip
Block Skip within a Block
Variable Stock
TRIAL CUTS
Maintaining Tolerances
Trial Cut Concepts
Trial Cut Methods
MILLING APPLICATIONS
Program Sample
Program Evaluation
Finishing Tool - Program Details
Conclusion
TURNING APPLICATIONS
Test Cut Addition
Chapter 22
OFFSET CHANGE BY PROGRAM
LOCAL COORDINATE SYSTEM
Work Offset Change
DATUM SHIFT
G10 Format - Milling Applications
G10 For Roughing And Finishing
G10 Format - Lathe Applications
SETTING PARAMETERS BY G10
Chapter 23
SYSTEM PARAMETERS
WHAT ARE PARAMETERS?
Parameters for Operators
Fanuc Parameter Classification
Access to Parameters
Backing Up Parameters
PARAMETER TYPES
Bit Type Description
Practical Interpretation
INPUT OF REAL NUMBERS
Increment System
Units of Input
Data Range
VALID DATA RANGES
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
PARAMETERS OF SETTING
Setting (Handy)
PARAMETERS OF FEEDRATE
PARAMETERS OF DISPLAY
Programs Registration and Editing
Password Protection
Program Display
Automatic Block Numbering
Other Parameters
PARAMETERS OF PROGRAMS
Decimal Point
Power-On Defaults
End of Program Functions
Number of M-Functions in a Block
Automatic Corner Rounding
PARAMETERS OF SPINDLE CONTROL
Maximum Spindle Speed
Spindle Orientation Code
PARAMETERS OF TOOL OFFSET
Offset Address
Lathe Offsets
Clearing Offsets
Radius vs Diameter
Wear Offset
PARAMETERS OF CYCLES
Fanuc 15 Mode - Compatibility
Spindle Rotation Direction
Clearances in G73 / G83 Cycles
PARAMETERS OF THREADING CYCLE
PARAMETERS OF MULTIPLE REPETITIVE CYCLES
Available Cycles
Parameters for G71 /G72 Cycles
Parameters for G73 Cycle
Parameters for G74/G75 Cycles
Parameters for G76 Cycle
BATTERY BACKUP
PARAMETERS AND G10
NO DECIMAL POINT ENTRY
Historical Background
Equivalent Numbers
Input Without a Decimal Point
SUMMARY
Chapter 24
PROGRAM OPTIMIZATION
PROGRAM REVIEW
PROGRAM RELATED CHANGES
CHANGES AT THE CONTROL
Spindle Speeds and Feedrates
Clearances
Optimized Program
Dwells
Combined Tool Motions
SETUP RELATED CHANGES
SUMMARY
Chapter 25
REFERENCES
G-CODES AND M-FUNCTIONS
Milling - G-codes
Milling - M-functions
G-CODES AND M-FUNCTIONS
Turning - G-codes
Turning - M-functions
DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS
PARAMETERS CLASSIFICATIONS
COMMON ABBREVIATIONS
TAP DRILL SIZES
Metric Threads - Coarse
Metric Threads - Fine
Imperial Threads - UNC/UNF
Straight Pipe Taps - NPS
Taper Pipe Taps - NPT
60-DEGREE THREAD FORMS
USEFUL FORMULAS
Speeds and Feeds
Machining Holes - Spot Drilling
Tapers
Control Memory Capacity
Trigonometric Chart
Index
