| 279. True and apparent genders | 221 |
| CHAPTER III. |
| THE NUMBERS. |
| 280, 281. Dual number | 225 |
| 282-284. Plural in -s | 226-230 |
| 285. The form in child-r-en | 230 |
| 286. The form in -en | 232 |
| 287. Men, feet, &c. | 232 |
| 288. Brethren, &c. | 232 |
| CHAPTER IV. |
| ON THE CASES. |
| 289, 290. Meaning of word case | 234 |
| 291. Cases in English | 237 |
| 292, 293. Determination of cases | 239 |
| 294, 295. Analysis of cases | 241 |
| 296. Case in -s | 241 |
| CHAPTER V. |
| THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS. |
| 297. True personal pronoun | 243 |
| 298. We and me | 244 |
| CHAPTER VI. |
| ON THE TRUE REFLECTIVE PRONOUN IN THE GOTHIC LANGUAGES AND ON ITS ABSENCE IN THE ENGLISH. |
| 299. The Latin se, sui | 247 |
| CHAPTER VII. |
| THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS, ETC. |
| 300. He, she, it, this, that, the | 249 |
| 301. These | 251 |
| 302. Those | 253 |
| CHAPTER VIII. |
| THE RELATIVE, INTERROGATIVE, AND CERTAIN OTHER PRONOUNS. |
| 303. Who, what, &c. | 255 |
| 304. Indo-European forms | 255 |
| 305. Miscellaneous observations | 256 |
| CHAPTER IX. |
| ON CERTAIN FORMS IN -ER. |
| 306, 307. Eith-er, ov-er, und-er, bett-er | 260, 261 |
| 308. Illustration from the Laplandic | 261 |
| 309. Idea of alternative | 262 |
| CHAPTER X. |
| THE COMPARATIVE DEGREE. |
| 310. Forms in -tara and -îyas | 263 |
| 311. Change from -s to -r | 263 |
| 312. Mœso-Gothic comparative | 264 |
| 313. Comparison of adverbs | 264 |
| 314. Elder | 265 |
| 315. Rather | 265 |
| 316. Excess of expression | 266 |
| 317. Better, &c. | 266 |
| 318. Sequence in logic | 266 |
| 319-325. Worse, &c. | 267-270 |
| CHAPTER XI. |
| ON THE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE. |
| 326. Different modes of expression | 271 |
| 327. The termination -st | 272 |
| CHAPTER XII. |
| THE CARDINAL NUMBERS. |
| 328, 329. Their ethnological value | 273 |
| Variations in form | 274 |
| 10+2 and 10×2 | 275 |
| 330. Limits to the inflection of the numeral | 276 |
| CHAPTER XIII. |
| ON THE ORDINAL NUMBERS. |
| 331. First | 277 |
| 332. Second | 277 |
| 333. Third, fourth, &c. | 278 |
| 334, 335. Ordinal and superlative forms | 278-280 |
| CHAPTER XIV. |
| THE ARTICLES. |
| 336. A, the, no | 281 |
| CHAPTER XV. |
| DIMINUTIVES, AUGMENTATIVES, AND PATRONYMICS. |
| 337, 338. Diminutives | 283 |
| 339. Augmentatives | 285 |
| 340. Patronymics | 286 |
| CHAPTER XVI. |
| GENTILE FORMS. |
| 341. Wales | 288 |
| CHAPTER XVII. |
| ON THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE NOUN AND VERB, AND ON THE INFLECTION OF THE INFINITIVE MOOD. |
| 342-344. Substantival character of verbs | 289 |
| 345, 346. Declension of the infinitive | 290 |
| CHAPTER XVIII. |
| ON DERIVED VERBS. |
| 347. Rise, raise, &c. | 292 |
| CHAPTER XIX. |
| ON THE PERSONS. |
| 348-351. Persons in English | 294-298 |
| 352. Person in -t, -art, &c. | 298 |
| 353. Forms like spakest, sungest, &c. | 299 |
| 354. Plurals in -s | 299 |
| CHAPTER XX. |
| ON THE NUMBERS OF VERBS. |
| 355. Personal signs of numbers | 300 |
| Run, ran | 301 |
| CHAPTER XXI. |
| ON MOODS. |
| 356. The infinitive mood | 302 |
| 357. The imperative mood | 302 |
| 358. The subjunctive mood | 302 |
| CHAPTER XXII. |
| OF TENSES IN GENERAL. |
| 359. General nature of tenses | 303 |
| 360. Latin preterites | 304 |
| 361. Mœso-Gothic perfects | 304 |
| Reduplication | 305 |
| 362. Strong and weak verbs | 305 |
| CHAPTER XXIII. |
| THE STRONG TENSES. |
| 363. Sang, sung | 307 |
| 364-376. Classification of strong verbs | 308-316 |
| CHAPTER XXIV. |
| THE WEAK TENSES. |
| 377. The weak inflection | 317 |
| 378. First division | 318 |
| 379. Second division | 318 |
| 380. Third division | 319 |
| 381. Preterites in -ed and -t | 319 |
| 382. Preterites like made, had | 321-327 |
| Would, should | 322 |
| Aught | 322 |
| Durst | 322 |
| Must | 323 |
| Wist | 324 |
| Do | 325 |
| Mind | 325 |
| Yode | 327 |
| CHAPTER XXV. |
| ON CONJUGATIONS. |
| 383. So-called irregularities | 328 |
| 384. Principles of criticism | 329 |
| Coincidence of form | 329 |
| Coincidence of distribution | 329 |
| Coincidence of order | 329 |
| 385. Strong verbs once weak | 332 |
| 386. Division of verbs into strong and weak natural | 333 |
| 387. Obsolete forms | 334 |
| 388. Double forms | 334 |
| CHAPTER XXVI. |
| DEFECTIVENESS AND IRREGULARITY. |
| 389. Difference between defectiveness and irregularity | 335 |
| Vital and obsolete processes | 336 |
| Processes of necessity | 337 |
| Ordinary processes | 338 |
| Positive processes | 338 |
| Processes of confusion | 339 |
| 390. Could | 339 |
| 391. Quoth | 340 |
| CHAPTER XXVII. |
| THE IMPERSONAL VERBS. |
| 392-394. Meseems, methinks, me listeth | 342 |
| CHAPTER XXVIII. |
| THE VERB SUBSTANTIVE. |
| 395. The verb substantive defective | 344 |
| 396. Was | 344 |
| 397. Be | 344 |
| 398, 399. Future power of be | 345 |
| 400. Am | 346 |
| Worth | 347 |
| CHAPTER XXIX. |
| THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE. |
| 401. The form in -ing | 348 |
| 402. Substantival power of participle | 349 |
| 403. Taylor's theory | 349 |
| CHAPTER XXX. |
| THE PAST PARTICIPLE. |
| 404-406. Similarity to the preterite | 351 |
| 407. Forlorn, frore | 352 |
| 408. The form in -ed, -d, or -t | 352 |
| 409. The y- in y-cleped, &c. | 353 |
| CHAPTER XXXI. |
| ON COMPOSITION. |
| 410-414. Definition of composition | 355-357 |
| 415-417. Parity of accent | 358 |
| 418. Obscure compounds | 361 |
| 419. Exceptions | 362 |
| 420. Peacock, peahen, &c. | 364 |
| 421. Third element in compound words | 365 |
| 422. Improper compounds | 365 |
| 423. Decomposites | 365 |
| 424. Combinations | 366 |
| CHAPTER XXXII. |
| ON DERIVATION AND INFLECTION. |
| 425. Derivation | 367 |
| 426. Classification of derived words | 368 |
| 427. Words like ábsent and absént, &c. | 369 |
| 428. Words like churl, tail, &c. | 370 |
| 429. Forms like tip and top, &c. | 370 |
| 430. Obscure derivatives | 370 |
| CHAPTER XXXIII. |
| ADVERBS. |
| 431. Classification of adverbs | 371 |
| 432. Adverbs of deflection | 372 |
| 433. Words like darkling | 373 |
| 434. Words like brightly | 374 |
| CHAPTER XXXIV. |
| ON CERTAIN ADVERBS OF PLACE. |
| 435-439. Here, hither, hence | 374 |
| 440. Yonder | 375 |
| Anon | 375 |
| CHAPTER XXXV. |
| ON WHEN, THEN, AND THAN. |
| 441. Origin of the words | 377 |
| CHAPTER XXXVI. |
| ON PREPOSITIONS, ETC. |
| 442. Prepositions | 378 |
| 443. Conjunctions | 378 |
| 444. Yes and no | 379 |
| 445. Particles | 379 |
| CHAPTER XXXVII. |
| ON THE GRAMMATICAL POSITION OF THE WORDS MINE AND THINE. |
| 446. Peculiarities of inflection of pronouns | 380 |
| 447. Powers of the genitive case | 381 |
| 448. Ideas of possession and partition | 382 |
| 449. Adjectival expressions | 382 |
| 450. Evolution of cases | 383 |
| 451. Idea of possession | 383 |
| 452. Idea of partition | 383 |
| 453. A posteriori argument | 384 |
| 454-458. Analogy of mei and ἐμοῦ | 384 |
| 459. Etymological evidence | 386 |
| 460. Syntactic evidence | 387 |
| 461. Value of the evidence of certain constructions | 387 |
| 462, 463. Double adjectival form | 388 |
| CHAPTER XXXVIII. |
| ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE WEAK PRÆTERITE. |
| 464. Forms like salb-ôdêdum | 390 |
| 465, 466. The Slavonic præterite | 391 |
| ———— |
| PART V. |
| SYNTAX. |
| CHAPTER I. |
| ON SYNTAX IN GENERAL. |
| 467. The term syntax | 392 |
| 468. What is not syntax | 392 |
| 469. What is syntax | 394 |
| 470. Pure syntax | 395 |
| 471, 472. Mixed syntax | 395 |
| 473. Figures of speech | 395 |
| 474. Personification | 395 |
| 475. Ellipsis | 395 |
| 476. Pleonasm | 395 |
| 477. Zeugma | 397 |
| 478. Πρὸς τὸ σημαινόμενον | 397 |
| 479. Apposition | 398 |
| 480. Collective nouns | 398 |
| 481, 482. Complex forms | 399 |
| 483. Convertibility | 399 |
| 484. Etymological convertibility | 400 |
| 485. Syntactic convertibility | 400 |
| 486. Adjectives used as substantives | 400 |
| 487. Uninflected parts of speech used as such | 400 |
| 488. Convertibility common in English | 401 |
| CHAPTER II. |
| SYNTAX OF SUBSTANTIVES. |
| 489. Convertibility | 402 |
| 490. Ellipsis | 403 |
| 491. Proper names | 403 |
| CHAPTER III. |
| SYNTAX OF ADJECTIVES. |
| 492. Pleonasm | 404 |
| 493. Collocation | 404 |
| 494. Government | 404 |
| 495. More fruitful, &c. | 405 |
| 496. The better of the two | 405 |
| 497. Syntax of adjectives simple | 406 |
| CHAPTER IV. |
| SYNTAX OF PRONOUNS. |
| 498, 499. Syntax of pronouns important | 407 |
| 500, 501. Pleonasm | 407 |
| CHAPTER V. |
| THE TRUE PERSONAL PRONOUNS. |
| 502. Pronomen reverentiæ | 409 |
| 503. You and ye | 409 |
| 504. Dativus ethicus | 409 |
| 505. Reflected personal pronouns | 410 |
| 506. Reflective neuter verbs | 410 |
| 507. Equivocal reflectives | 411 |
| CHAPTER VI. |
| ON THE SYNTAX OF THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS, AND ON THE PRONOUNS OF THE THIRD PERSON. |
| 508. True demonstrative pronoun | 412 |
| 509. His mother, her father | 412 |
| 510, 511. Use of its | 412 |
| 512. Take them things away | 413 |
| 513, 514. Hic and ille, this and that | 413 |
| CHAPTER VII. |
| ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE WORD SELF. |
| 515. Government, apposition, composition | 416 |
| 516. Her-self, itself | 416 |
| 517. Self and one | 417 |
| 518, 519. Inflection of self | 418 |
| CHAPTER VIII. |
| ON THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. |
| 520, 521. My and mine, &c. | 419 |
| CHAPTER IX. |
| THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS. |
