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Rajiv K. Varma
Smart Solar PV Inverters with Advanced Grid Support Functionalities
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
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1 IMPACTS OF HIGH PENETRATION OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS AND SMART INVERTER DEVELOPMENTS
1.1 Concepts of Reactive and Active Power Control 1.1.1 Reactive Power Control 1.1.1.1 Voltage Control
1.1.1.2 Frequency Control
1.1.2 Active Power Control 1.1.2.1 Voltage Control
1.1.2.2 Frequency Control
1.1.3 Frequency Response with Synchronous Machines
1.1.3.1 Rate of Change of Frequency
1.1.3.2 Factors Impacting ROCOF
1.1.3.3 System Inertia
1.1.3.4 Critical Inertia
1.1.3.5 Size of Largest Contingency
1.1.4 Fast Frequency Response
1.2 Challenges of High Penetration of Solar PV Systems
1.2.1 Steady‐state Overvoltage
1.2.2 Voltage Fluctuations
1.2.3 Reverse Power Flow
1.2.4 Transient Overvoltage
1.2.5 Voltage Unbalance
1.2.6 Decrease in Voltage Support Capability of Power Systems
1.2.7 Interaction with Conventional Voltage Regulation Equipment
1.2.8 Variability of Power Output
1.2.9 Balancing Supply and Demand
1.2.10 Changes in Active Power Flow in Feeders
1.2.11 Change in Reactive Power Flow in Feeders
1.2.12 Line Losses
1.2.13 Harmonic Injections
1.2.14 Low Short Circuit Levels
1.2.15 Protection and Control Issues
1.2.16 Short Circuit Current Issues
1.2.17 Unintentional Islanding
1.2.18 Frequency Regulation Issues due to Reduced Inertia
1.2.18.1 Under Frequency Response
1.2.18.2 Over Frequency Response
1.2.19 Angular Stability Issues due to Reduced Inertia
1.3 Development of Smart Inverters
1.3.1 Developments in Germany
1.3.2 Developments in the USA
1.3.3 Development in Canada of Night and Day Control of Solar PV Farms as STATCOM (PV‐STATCOM)
1.4 Conclusions
References
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