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1.2.7 Interaction with Conventional Voltage Regulation Equipment
ОглавлениеIntermittency and variability in power generated by the DERs result in continuous voltage variations in the voltage at the PCC, as described above. The utilities typically install voltage‐regulating equipment in their networks such as line voltage regulators, load tap changers, and capacitor banks. These equipment constantly monitor the voltages in the lines to which they are connected and take appropriate control action, e.g. capacitor switching to keep the voltages within acceptable limits. Unpredictable and rapid variations caused by power generation from DERs cause more frequent operation of such installed voltage control equipment than what they are designed for [19, 27]. This leads to a potential reduction in their operating life. The operating time of these voltage control equipment is typically 30–90 seconds [21], hence step‐voltage control operations may occur in intervals of one to two minutes on the feeder. The line voltage regulators and LTCs often employ line drop compensation for voltage control. Such a voltage regulation technique is dependent upon the actual line current. DERs modify this line current due to their power generation and may adversely impact the voltage regulation process [27]. Frequent switching of capacitor banks also causes changes in the reactive power flow in the lines leading to unintended voltage variations and increased line losses.