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Unlike some other operating systems, the Linux kernel can support different types of filesystems to read and write data to and from hard drives. Besides having more than a dozen filesystems of its own, Linux can read and write to and from filesystems used by other operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows. The kernel must be compiled with support for all types of filesystems that the system will use. Table 1.2 lists the standard filesystems that a Linux system can use to read and write data.

TABLE 1.2: Linux Filesystems

FILESYSTEM	DESCRIPTION
ext	Linux extended filesystem—the original Linux filesystem
ext2	Second extended filesystem; provides advanced features over ext
ext3	Third extended filesystem; supports journaling
ext4	Fourth extended filesystem; supports advanced journaling
btrfs	A newer, high‐performance filesystem that supports journaling and large files
exfat	The extended Windows filesystem, used mainly for SD cards and USB sticks
hpfs	OS/2 high‐performance filesystem
jfs	IBM's journaling file system
iso9660	ISO 9660 filesystem (CD‐ROMs)
minix	MINIX filesystem
msdos	Microsoft FAT16
ncp	NetWare filesystem
nfs	Network File System
ntfs	Support for Microsoft NT filesystem
proc	Access to system information
smb	Samba SMB filesystem for network access
sysv	Older Unix filesystem
ufs	BSD filesystem
umsdos	Unix‐like filesystem that resides on top of msdos
vfat	Windows 95 filesystem (FAT32)
XFS	High‐performance 64‐bit journaling filesystem

Any hard drive that a Linux server accesses must be formatted using one of the filesystem types listed in Table 1.2.

The Linux kernel interfaces with each filesystem using the Virtual File System (VFS). This provides a standard interface for the kernel to communicate with any type of filesystem. VFS caches information in memory as each filesystem is mounted and used.