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 List the components of a standard Linux system. The main components of a Linux system include the Linux kernel, the GNU utilities, a user interface, and application programs. The kernel controls how memory, programs, and hardware all interact with one another. The GNU utilities provide useful functions such as text and file manipulation. The Linux user interfaces range from fancy graphical desktops, such as GNOME or KDE Plasma, to simple command‐line interfaces, such as the Bash Shell.Master It The Linux kernel is constantly updated and managed by a group of developers. They publish their work at the kernel.org website. Go to that website and determine the version number of the latest stable release. What version is currently under development?

 Explain how GNU utilities are used within Linux. The GNU utilities provide command‐line functions for creating, modifying, moving, and deleting files, as well as working with data inside text files. The main GNU utilities are in the coreutils package.Master It The GNU community is constantly making improvements to the core GNU utilities used in Linux. You can find the latest released utilities at www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/. Go to that website and determine the current version of the GNU coreutils package.

 Describe the various Linux user interface environments. There are many graphical desktop environments available in Linux. The two most popular ones are GNOME and KDE Plasma. Both provide common desktop features most desktop users are comfortable with. However, for server environments, it's most common to use a command‐line interface (CLI) provided by a Linux shell program. The most common Linux shell is bash.Master It The GNU Bash Shell is continually being updated, with updates available at www.gnu.org/software/bash/. According to that website, what is the most recent version of bash available for download?

 Explain why there are different Linux distributions. A Linux distribution bundles the various parts of a Linux system into a simple package that you can easily install on your PC. The Linux distribution world consists of full‐blown Linux distributions that include just about every application imaginable, as well as specialized Linux distributions that only include applications focused on a special function.Master It There are many websites that track Linux distributions. The www.distrowatch.com website is a popular place to get information on new releases for lots of different distributions. Go to that site and list the current top five Linux distribution downloads.