Читать книгу Mastering Linux System Administration - Richard Blum - Страница 70

 Explore different Linux software package management systems. Developers bundle the files required for an application into a package to make it easier to install. A package management system allows you to easily track, install, and remove application packages on your Linux system. There are two popular Linux package management systems: dpkg for Debian‐based systems, and rpm for Red Hat–based systems.Master It The Debian Linux distribution maintains an official website that tracks all software packages as they're developed for the Debian environment. Go to the packages.debian.org website and determine what version of the systat application is available as a stable Debian package.

 Use Debian software packages to install software. The Debian‐based Linux distributions use the dpkg utility to interface with the package management system from the command line, and they use the apt‐cache and apt‐get utilities to interface with a common repository to easily download and install new software. A front end to these utilities is apt. It provides simple command‐line options for working with software packages in the dpkg format.Master It The C shell provides an alternative to the Bash Shell, handy for writing advanced shell scripts. For Ubuntu, the C shell is bundled as part of the csh package. What commands should you use to install the csh package from the standard Ubuntu software repository?

  Install applications using Debian snap containers. Application containers are a relatively new player in software package management. An application container bundles all the files necessary for an application to run in one installable package. This means the application doesn't rely on any external dependencies such as library files, and the container bundle can be installed in any Linux distribution and run. Currently, the two most popular container packages are snap, common in the Ubuntu Linux distribution, and flatpak, used in Red Hat Linux environments.Master It The PowerShell package provides a powerful scripting language similar to that found on Microsoft Windows servers. Ubuntu distributes the PowerShell package as a snap container. What command should you use to install PowerShell on your Ubuntu server?

 Install software from source code. The chapter closed with a discussion on how to install software packages that are only distributed in source code tarballs. The tar command allows you to unpack the source code files from the tarball, and then the configure and make commands allow you to build the final executable program from the source code.Master It There are lots of handy utilities created and shared by Linux developers. One such utility is the sysstat tool. The sysstat tool provides statistics for various features of your Linux system. You can find the sysstat tool on the developer's website, sebastien.godard.pagesperso‐orange.fr. After downloading the package tarball, what commands would you need to use to compile the software and install it on your Linux server?