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Following are the areas in which you must be proficient in order to pass the 101-400 exam. This exam is broken into four topics (101–104), each of which has three to eight objectives. Each objective has an associated weight, which reflects its importance to the exam as a whole. The four main topics are as follows:

101 System Architecture

101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings ( Chapter 3 )

● Enable and disable integrated peripherals

● Configure systems with or without external peripherals such as keyboards

● Differentiate between the various types of mass storage devices

● Know the differences between coldplug and hotplug devices

● Determine hardware resources for devices

● Tools and utilities to list various hardware information (e.g., lsusb, lspci, etc.)

● Tools and utilities to manipulate USB devices

● Conceptual understanding of sysfs, udev, hald, dbus

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms, and utilities covered in this objective: /sys, /proc, /dev, modprobe, lsmod, lspci, lsusb

101.2 Boot the system ( Chapter 5 )

● Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time

● Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS to boot completion

● Understanding of SysVinit and systemd

● Awareness of Upstart

● Check boot events in the log file

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms and utilities covered in this objective: dmesg, BIOS, bootloader, kernel, init, initramfs, SysVinit, systemd

101.3 Change runlevels/boot targets and shutdown or reboot system ( Chapter 5 )

● Set the default runlevel or boot target

● Change between runlevels/boot targets, including single user mode

● Shutdown and reboot from the command line

● Alert users before switching runlevels/boot targets or other major system events

● Properly terminate processes

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms and utilities covered in this objective: /etc/inittab, shutdown, init, /etc/init.d, telinit, systemd, systemctl, /etc/systemd/, /usr/lib/systemd/, wall

102 Linux Installation and Package Management

102.1 Design hard disk layout ( Chapter 3 )

● Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks

● Tailor the design to the intended use of the system

● Ensure that the /boot partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements for booting

● Knowledge of basic features of LVM

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms and utilities covered in this objective: / (root) filesystem, /var filesystem, /home filesystem, /boot filesystem, swap space, mount points, partitions

102.2 Install a boot manager ( Chapter 5 )

● Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options

● Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB Legacy

● Perform basic configuration changes for GRUB 2

● Interact with the boot loader

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms, and utilities covered in this objective: /boot/grub/menu.lst, grub.cfg and grub.conf, grub-install, grub-mkconfig, MBR

102.3 Manage shared libraries ( Chapter 2 )

● Identify shared libraries

● Identify the typical locations of system libraries

● Load shared libraries

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms and utilities covered in this objective: ldd, ldconfig, /etc/ld.so.conf, LD_LIBRARY_PATH

102.4 Use Debian package management ( Chapter 2 )

● Install, upgrade, and uninstall Debian binary packages

● Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed

● Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity, and installation status (whether or not the package is installed)

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms and utilities covered in this objective: /etc/apt/sources.list, dpkg, dpkg-reconfigure, apt-get, apt-cache, aptitude

102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management ( Chapter 2 )

● Install, reinstall, upgrade. and remove packages using RPM and YUM

● Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity, and signatures

● Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms and utilities covered in this objective: rpm, rpm2cpio, /etc/yum.conf, /etc/yum.repos.d/, yum, yumdownloader

103 GNU and Unix Commands

103.1 Work on the command line ( Chapter 1 )

● Use single shell commands and one-line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line

● Use and modify the shell environment. including defining, referencing, and exporting environment variables

● Use and edit command history

● Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms, and utilities covered in this objective: bash, echo, env, exec, export, pwd, set, unset, man, uname, history, .bash_history

103.2 Process text streams using filters ( Chapter 1 )

● Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard Unix commands

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms, and utilities covered in this objective: cat, cut, expand, fmt, head, od, join, less, nl, paste, pr, sed, sort, split, tail, tr, unexpand, uniq, wc

103.3 Perform basic file management ( Chapter 4 )

● Copy, move, and remove files and directories individually

● Copy multiple files and directories recursively

● Remove files and directories recursively

● Use simple and advanced wildcard specifications in commands

● Using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time

● Usage of tar, cpio, and dd

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms and utilities covered in this objective: cp, find, mkdir, mv, ls, rm, rmdir, touch, tar, cpio, dd, file, gzip, gunzip, bzip2, xz, file globbing

103.4 Use streams, pipes, and redirects ( Chapter 1 )

● Redirecting standard input, standard output, and standard error

● Pipe the output of one command to the input of another command

● Use the output of one command as arguments to another command

● Send output to both STDOUT and a file

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms and utilities covered in this objective: tee, xargs

103.5 Create, monitor, and kill processes ( Chapter 2 )

● Run jobs in the foreground and background

● Signal a program to continue running after logout

● Monitor active processes

● Select and sort processes for display

● Send signals to processes

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms and utilities covered in this objective: &, bg, fg, jobs, kill, nohup, ps, top, free, uptime, pgrep, pkill, killall, screen

103.6 Modify process execution priorities ( Chapter 2 )

● Know the default priority of a job that is created

● Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default

● Change the priority of a running process

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms, and utilities covered in this objective: nice, ps, renice, top

103.7 Search text files using regular expressions ( Chapter 1 )

● Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements

● Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms and utilities covered in this objective: grep, egrep, fgrep, sed, regex(7)

103.8 Perform basic file editing operations using vi ( Chapter 5 )

● Navigate a document using vi

● Use basic vi modes

● Insert, edit, delete, copy, and find text

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms and utilities covered in this objective: vi, /, ?, h, j, k, l, i, o, a, c, d, p, y, dd, yy, ZZ, :w!, :q!, :e!

104 Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

104.1 Create partitions and filesystems ( Chapter 3 )

● Manage MBR partition tables

● Use various mkfs commands to create various filesystems, such as ext2, ext3, ext4, xfs, vfat

● Awareness of ReiserFS and Btrfs

● Basic knowledge of gdisk and parted with GPT

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms, and utilities covered in this objective: fdisk, gdisk, parted, mkfs, mkswap

104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems ( Chapter 3 )

● Verify the integrity of filesystems

● Monitor free space and inodes

● Repair simple filesystem problems

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms, and utilities covered in this objective: du, df, fsck, e2fsck, mke2fs, debugfs, dumpe2fs, tune2fs, xfs tools (such as xfs_metadump and xfs_info)

104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems ( Chapter 3 )

● Manually mount and unmount filesystems

● Configure filesystem mounting on bootup

● Configure user mountable removeable filesystems

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms, and utilities covered in this objective: /etc/fstab, /media, mount, umount

104.4 Manage disk quotas ( Chapter 4 )

● Set up a disk quota for a filesystem

● Edit, check, and generate user quota reports

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms, and utilities covered in this objective: quota, edquota, repquota, quotaon

104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership ( Chapter 4 )

● Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories

● Use access modes such as SUID, SGID, and the sticky bit to maintain security

● Know how to change the file creation mask

● Use the group field to grant file access to group members

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms, and utilities covered in this objective: chmod, umask, chown, chgrp

104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links ( Chapter 4 )

● Create links

● Identify hard and/or soft links

● Copying versus linking files

● Use links to support system administration tasks

● This utility is covered in this objective: ln, ls

104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location ( Chapter 4 )

● Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS

● Find files and commands on a Linux system

● Know the location and purpose of important files and directories as defined in the FHS

● The following is a partial list of the files, terms, and utilities covered in this objective: find, locate, updatedb, whereis, which, type, /etc/updatedb.conf